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Journal of Neuroinflammation
Published in: Journal of Neuroinflammation 1/2024

Open Access 01-12-2024 | Research

CSF1R antagonism results in increased supraspinal infiltration in EAE

Authors: Marilyn Wang, Sofia E. Caryotakis, Glendalyn G. Smith, Alan V. Nguyen, David E. Pleasure, Athena M. Soulika

Published in: Journal of Neuroinflammation | Issue 1/2024

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Abstract

Background

Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) signaling is crucial for the maintenance and function of various myeloid subsets. CSF1R antagonism was previously shown to mitigate clinical severity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The associated mechanisms are still not well delineated.

Methods

To assess the effect of CSF1R signaling, we employed the CSF1R antagonist PLX5622 formulated in chow (PLX5622 diet, PD) and its control chow (control diet, CD). We examined the effect of PD in steady state and EAE by analyzing cells isolated from peripheral immune organs and from the CNS via flow cytometry. We determined CNS infiltration sites and assessed the extent of demyelination using immunohistochemistry of cerebella and spinal cords. Transcripts of genes associated with neuroinflammation were also analyzed in these tissues.

Results

In addition to microglial depletion, PD treatment reduced dendritic cells and macrophages in peripheral immune organs, both during steady state and during EAE. Furthermore, CSF1R antagonism modulated numbers and relative frequencies of T effector cells both in the periphery and in the CNS during the early stages of the disease. Classical neurological symptoms were milder in PD compared to CD mice. Interestingly, a subset of PD mice developed atypical EAE symptoms. Unlike previous studies, we observed that the CNS of PD mice was infiltrated by increased numbers of peripheral immune cells compared to that of CD mice. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that CNS infiltrates in PD mice were mainly localized in the cerebellum while in CD mice infiltrates were primarily localized in the spinal cords during the onset of neurological deficits. Accordingly, during the same timepoint, cerebella of PD but not of CD mice had extensive demyelinating lesions, while spinal cords of CD but not of PD mice were heavily demyelinated.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that CSF1R activity modulates the cellular composition of immune cells both in the periphery and within the CNS, and affects lesion localization during the early EAE stages.
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Metadata
Title
CSF1R antagonism results in increased supraspinal infiltration in EAE
Authors
Marilyn Wang
Sofia E. Caryotakis
Glendalyn G. Smith
Alan V. Nguyen
David E. Pleasure
Athena M. Soulika
Publication date
01-12-2024
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Journal of Neuroinflammation / Issue 1/2024
Electronic ISSN: 1742-2094
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-024-03063-1

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