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Child's Nervous System

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Open Access 26-01-2024 | Craniopharyngioma | Case Report

Pediatric sellar teratoma – Case report and review of the literature

Authors: Katja Kürner, Ladina Greuter, Michel Roethlisberger, Yves Brand, Stephan Frank, Raphael Guzman, Jehuda Soleman

Published in: Child's Nervous System | Issue 4/2024

Abstract

Background

Intracranial teratoma represents a rare neoplasm, occurring predominantly during childhood. Characteristic symptoms depend on the location but are mainly hydrocephalus, visual disturbances, hypopituitarism, and diabetes insipidus. Initial diagnosis can be challenging due to similar radiological features in both teratomas and other lesions such as craniopharyngiomas. Gross total resection is recommended if feasible and associated with a good prognosis.

Case description

A 10-year-old girl presented with newly diagnosed growth retardation, fatigue, cephalgia and bilateral hemianopia. Further laboratory analysis confirmed central hypothyroidism and hypercortisolism. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed a cystic space-occupying lesion in the sellar and suprasellar compartment with compression of the optic chiasm without hydrocephalus present, suspicious of craniopharyngioma. Subsequently, an endonasal endoscopic transsphenoidal near-total tumor resection with decompression of the optic chiasm was performed. During postoperative recovery the patient developed transient diabetes insipidus, the bilateral hemianopia remained unchanged. The patient could be discharged in a stable condition, while hormone replacement for multiple pituitary hormone deficiency was required. Surprisingly, histopathology revealed conspicuous areas of skin with formation of hairs and squamous epithelia, compatible with a mature teratoma.

Conclusions

We present an extremely rare case of pediatric sellar teratoma originating from the pituitary gland and a review of literature focusing on the variation in presentation and treatment. Sellar teratomas are often mistaken for craniopharyngioma due to their similar radiographic appearances. However, the primary goal of treatment for both pathologies is to decompress eloquent surrounding structures such as the optic tract, and if applicable, resolution of hydrocephalus while avoiding damage to the pituitary stalk and especially the hypothalamic structures. If feasible, the aim of surgery should be gross total resection.

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Title: Pediatric sellar teratoma – Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Katja Kürner
Ladina Greuter
Michel Roethlisberger
Yves Brand
Stephan Frank
Raphael Guzman
Jehuda Soleman
Publication date: 26-01-2024
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keywords: Craniopharyngioma
Brain Tumor
Published in: Child's Nervous System / Issue 4/2024
Print ISSN: 0256-7040
Electronic ISSN: 1433-0350
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-024-06296-w

2024 ASCO Annual Meeting

Springer Medicine

Pediatric sellar teratoma – Case report and review of the literature

Abstract

Background

Case description

Conclusions

2024 ASCO Annual Meeting

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Case description

Conclusions

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