Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Applied Health Economics and Health Policy 3/2016

01-06-2016 | Original Research Article

Cost and Budget Impact Analysis of an Accurate Intraoperative Sentinel Lymph Node Diagnosis for Breast Cancer Metastasis

Authors: Yuko Saruta, Jaume Puig-Junoy

Published in: Applied Health Economics and Health Policy | Issue 3/2016

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Conventional intraoperative sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in breast cancer (BC) has limitations in establishing a definitive diagnosis of metastasis intraoperatively, leading to an unnecessary second operation. The one-step nucleic amplification assay (OSNA) provides accurate intraoperative diagnosis and avoids further testing. Only five articles have researched the cost and cost effectiveness of this diagnostic tool, although many hospitals have adopted it, and economic evaluation is needed for budget holders.

Objective

We aimed to measure the budget impact in Japanese BC patients after the introduction of OSNA, and assess the certainty of the results.

Methods

Budget impact analysis of OSNA on Japanese healthcare expenditure from 2015 to 2020. Local governments, society-managed health insurers, and Japan health insurance associations were the budget holders. In order to assess the cost gap between the gold standard (GS) and OSNA in intraoperative SLNB, a two-scenario comparative model that was structured using the clinical pathway of a BC patient group who received SLNB was applied. Clinical practice guidelines for BC were cited for cost estimation.

Results

The total estimated cost of all BC patients diagnosed by GS was US$1,023,313,850. The budget impact of OSNA in total health expenditure was −US$24,413,153 (−US$346 per patient). Two-way sensitivity analysis between survival rate (SR) of the GS and OSNA was performed by illustrating a cost-saving threshold: y ≅ 1.14x − 0.16 in positive patients, and y ≅ 0.96x + 0.029 in negative patients (x = SR–GS, y = SR–OSNA). Base inputs of the variables in these formulas demonstrated a cost saving.

Conclusion

OSNA reduces healthcare costs, as confirmed by sensitivity analysis.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
2.
go back to reference Youlden DR, Cramb SM, Yip CH, Baade PD. Incidence and mortality of female breast cancer in the Asia-Pacific region. Cancer Biol Med. 2014;11(2):101–15.PubMedPubMedCentral Youlden DR, Cramb SM, Yip CH, Baade PD. Incidence and mortality of female breast cancer in the Asia-Pacific region. Cancer Biol Med. 2014;11(2):101–15.PubMedPubMedCentral
5.
go back to reference Coleman MP, Quaresma M, Berrino F, Lutz JM, De Angelis R, Capocaccia R, et al. Cancer survival in five continents: a worldwide population-based study (CONCORD). Lancet Oncol. 2008;9(8):730–56.CrossRefPubMed Coleman MP, Quaresma M, Berrino F, Lutz JM, De Angelis R, Capocaccia R, et al. Cancer survival in five continents: a worldwide population-based study (CONCORD). Lancet Oncol. 2008;9(8):730–56.CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Makita M, Sakai T, Ogiya A, Kitagawa D, Morizono H, Miyagi Y, et al. Optimal surveillance for postoperative metastasis in breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer. 2016;23(2):286–94.CrossRefPubMed Makita M, Sakai T, Ogiya A, Kitagawa D, Morizono H, Miyagi Y, et al. Optimal surveillance for postoperative metastasis in breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer. 2016;23(2):286–94.CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Matsumoto K, Haga K, Kitazawa T, Seto K, Fujita S, Hasegawa T. Cost of illness of breast cancer in Japan: trends and future projections. BMC Res Notes. 2015;8:539.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Matsumoto K, Haga K, Kitazawa T, Seto K, Fujita S, Hasegawa T. Cost of illness of breast cancer in Japan: trends and future projections. BMC Res Notes. 2015;8:539.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
8.
go back to reference Gradishar WJ, Anderson BO, Blair SL, Burstein HJ, Cyr A, Elias AD, et al. NCCN guidelines for breast cancer. J Natl Compr Cancer Netw. 2014;3:1–180. Gradishar WJ, Anderson BO, Blair SL, Burstein HJ, Cyr A, Elias AD, et al. NCCN guidelines for breast cancer. J Natl Compr Cancer Netw. 2014;3:1–180.
9.
go back to reference Leidenius MH, Krogerus LA, Toivonen TS, Von Smitten KJ. The feasibility of intraoperative diagnosis of sentinel lymph node metastases in breast cancer. J Surg Oncol. 2003;84(2):68–73.CrossRefPubMed Leidenius MH, Krogerus LA, Toivonen TS, Von Smitten KJ. The feasibility of intraoperative diagnosis of sentinel lymph node metastases in breast cancer. J Surg Oncol. 2003;84(2):68–73.CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Tanis PJ, Boom RP, Koops HS, Faneyte IF, Peterse JL, Nieweg OE, et al. Frozen section investigation of the sentinel node in malignant melanoma and breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2001;8:222–6.CrossRefPubMed Tanis PJ, Boom RP, Koops HS, Faneyte IF, Peterse JL, Nieweg OE, et al. Frozen section investigation of the sentinel node in malignant melanoma and breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2001;8:222–6.CrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference Pathmanathan N, Renthawa J, French JR, Edstrom-Elder E, Hall G, Mahajan H, et al. Intraoperative sentinel lymph node assessment in breast cancer: a comparison of rapid diagnostic method based on CK19 mRNA expression and imprint cytology. ANZ J Surg. 2014;84(10):730–4.CrossRefPubMed Pathmanathan N, Renthawa J, French JR, Edstrom-Elder E, Hall G, Mahajan H, et al. Intraoperative sentinel lymph node assessment in breast cancer: a comparison of rapid diagnostic method based on CK19 mRNA expression and imprint cytology. ANZ J Surg. 2014;84(10):730–4.CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Fortunato L, Amini M, Farina M, Rapacchietta S, Costarelli L, Piro FR, et al. Intraoperative examination of sentinel nodes in breast cancer: is the glass half full or half empty? Ann Surg Oncol. 2004;11(11):1005–10.CrossRefPubMed Fortunato L, Amini M, Farina M, Rapacchietta S, Costarelli L, Piro FR, et al. Intraoperative examination of sentinel nodes in breast cancer: is the glass half full or half empty? Ann Surg Oncol. 2004;11(11):1005–10.CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Toi M, Kurebayashi J, Kurosumi M, Nomura Y, Noguchi M, Hiraoka M, et al. Breast cancer. Vol. 22, Iss. 1. Tokyo: Kanehara Shuppan; 2015. Toi M, Kurebayashi J, Kurosumi M, Nomura Y, Noguchi M, Hiraoka M, et al. Breast cancer. Vol. 22, Iss. 1. Tokyo: Kanehara Shuppan; 2015.
14.
go back to reference Oloomi M, Yardehnavi N, Bouzari S, Moazzezy N. Non-coding CK19 RNA in peripheral blood and tissue of breast cancer patients. Acta Med Iran. 2013;51(2):75–86.PubMed Oloomi M, Yardehnavi N, Bouzari S, Moazzezy N. Non-coding CK19 RNA in peripheral blood and tissue of breast cancer patients. Acta Med Iran. 2013;51(2):75–86.PubMed
15.
go back to reference Wallwiener CW, Wallwiener M, Kurth RR, Röhm C, Neubauer H, Banys MJ, et al. Molecular detection of breast cancer metastasis in sentinel lymph nodes by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR): identifying, evaluating and establishing multi-marker panels. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2011;130(3):833–44.CrossRefPubMed Wallwiener CW, Wallwiener M, Kurth RR, Röhm C, Neubauer H, Banys MJ, et al. Molecular detection of breast cancer metastasis in sentinel lymph nodes by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR): identifying, evaluating and establishing multi-marker panels. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2011;130(3):833–44.CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference Tsujimoto M, Nakabayashi K, Yoshidome K, Kaneko T, Iwase T, Akiyama F, et al. One-step nucleic acid amplification for intraoperative detection of lymph node metastases in breast cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res. 2007;13(16):4807–16.CrossRefPubMed Tsujimoto M, Nakabayashi K, Yoshidome K, Kaneko T, Iwase T, Akiyama F, et al. One-step nucleic acid amplification for intraoperative detection of lymph node metastases in breast cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res. 2007;13(16):4807–16.CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Huxley N, Jones-Hughes T, Coelho H, Snowsill T, Cooper C, Meng Y, et al. A systematic review and economic evaluation of intraoperative tests [RD-100i one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) system and Metasin test] for detecting sentinel lymph node metastases in breast cancer. Health Technol Assess. 2015;19(2):v–xxv (1–215).CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Huxley N, Jones-Hughes T, Coelho H, Snowsill T, Cooper C, Meng Y, et al. A systematic review and economic evaluation of intraoperative tests [RD-100i one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) system and Metasin test] for detecting sentinel lymph node metastases in breast cancer. Health Technol Assess. 2015;19(2):v–xxv (1–215).CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
18.
go back to reference Peg V, Espinosa-Bravo M, Vieites B, Vilardell F, Antúnez JR, de Salas MS, et al. Intraoperative molecular analysis of total tumor load in sentinel lymph node: a new predictor of axillary status in early breast. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2013;139(1):87–93.CrossRefPubMed Peg V, Espinosa-Bravo M, Vieites B, Vilardell F, Antúnez JR, de Salas MS, et al. Intraoperative molecular analysis of total tumor load in sentinel lymph node: a new predictor of axillary status in early breast. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2013;139(1):87–93.CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Rubio IT, Espinosa-Bravo M, Rodrigo M, Amparo Viguri Diaz M, Hardisson D, Sagasta A, et al. Nomogram including the total tumoral load in the sentinel nodes assessed by one-step nucleic acid amplification as a new factor for predicting nonsentinel lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2014;147(2):371–80.CrossRefPubMed Rubio IT, Espinosa-Bravo M, Rodrigo M, Amparo Viguri Diaz M, Hardisson D, Sagasta A, et al. Nomogram including the total tumoral load in the sentinel nodes assessed by one-step nucleic acid amplification as a new factor for predicting nonsentinel lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2014;147(2):371–80.CrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Guillén-Paredes MP, Carrasco-González L, Cháves-Benito A, Campillo-Soto A, Carrillo A, Aguayo-Albasini JL. One-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) assay for sentinel lymph node metastases as an alternative to conventional postoperative histology in breast cancer: a cost-benefit analysis. Cir Esp. 2011;89(7):456–62.CrossRefPubMed Guillén-Paredes MP, Carrasco-González L, Cháves-Benito A, Campillo-Soto A, Carrillo A, Aguayo-Albasini JL. One-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) assay for sentinel lymph node metastases as an alternative to conventional postoperative histology in breast cancer: a cost-benefit analysis. Cir Esp. 2011;89(7):456–62.CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Lim J, Govindarajulu S, Sahu A, Ibrahim N, Magdub S, Cawthorn S. Multiple step-section frozen section sentinel lymph node biopsy: a review of 717 patients. Breast. 2013;22(5):639–42.CrossRefPubMed Lim J, Govindarajulu S, Sahu A, Ibrahim N, Magdub S, Cawthorn S. Multiple step-section frozen section sentinel lymph node biopsy: a review of 717 patients. Breast. 2013;22(5):639–42.CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Bettington M, Lakhani SR, Ung OA. Is the one-step nucleic acid amplification assay better for intra-operative assessment of breast sentinel nodes? ANZ J Surg. 2014;84(10):725–9.CrossRefPubMed Bettington M, Lakhani SR, Ung OA. Is the one-step nucleic acid amplification assay better for intra-operative assessment of breast sentinel nodes? ANZ J Surg. 2014;84(10):725–9.CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Raia-Barjat T, Trombert B, Khaddage A, Douchet C, Seffert P, Peoc’h M, et al. OSNA (one-step nucleic acid amplification) sentinel lymph node intraoperative molecular analysis in breast cancer: a cost-benefit analysis. Med Oncol. 2014;31(12):322.CrossRefPubMed Raia-Barjat T, Trombert B, Khaddage A, Douchet C, Seffert P, Peoc’h M, et al. OSNA (one-step nucleic acid amplification) sentinel lymph node intraoperative molecular analysis in breast cancer: a cost-benefit analysis. Med Oncol. 2014;31(12):322.CrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference Tamaki Y, Sato N, Homma K, Takabatake D, Nishimura R, Tsujimoto M, et al. Routine clinical use of the one-step nucleic acid amplification assay for detection of sentinel lymph node metastases in breast cancer patients: results of a multicenter study in Japan. Cancer. 2012;118(14):3477–83.CrossRefPubMed Tamaki Y, Sato N, Homma K, Takabatake D, Nishimura R, Tsujimoto M, et al. Routine clinical use of the one-step nucleic acid amplification assay for detection of sentinel lymph node metastases in breast cancer patients: results of a multicenter study in Japan. Cancer. 2012;118(14):3477–83.CrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference Ogawa Y, Ikeda K, Ogisawa K, Tokunaga S, Fukushima H, Inoue T, et al. Outcome of sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer using dye alone: a single center review with a median followup of 5 years. Surg Today. 2014;44(9):1633–7.CrossRefPubMed Ogawa Y, Ikeda K, Ogisawa K, Tokunaga S, Fukushima H, Inoue T, et al. Outcome of sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer using dye alone: a single center review with a median followup of 5 years. Surg Today. 2014;44(9):1633–7.CrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference Katanoda K, Kamo K, Saika K, Matsuda T, Shibata A, Matsuda A, et al. Short-term projection of cancer incidence in Japan using an age-period interaction model with spline smoothing. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2014;44(1):36–41.CrossRefPubMed Katanoda K, Kamo K, Saika K, Matsuda T, Shibata A, Matsuda A, et al. Short-term projection of cancer incidence in Japan using an age-period interaction model with spline smoothing. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2014;44(1):36–41.CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Noguchi M, Motomura K, Imoto S, Miyauchi M, Sato K, Iwata H, et al. A multicenter validation study of sentinel lymph node biopsy by the Japanese Breast Cancer Society. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2000;63(1):31–40.CrossRefPubMed Noguchi M, Motomura K, Imoto S, Miyauchi M, Sato K, Iwata H, et al. A multicenter validation study of sentinel lymph node biopsy by the Japanese Breast Cancer Society. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2000;63(1):31–40.CrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Samuel JA, Wilson JW, Bandos H, Elledge RM, Robidoux A, Fehrenbacher L, et al. NSABP B-36: a randomized phase III trial comparing six cycles of 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide to four cycles of adriamycin and cyclophosphamide in patients with node-negative breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2015;75:S3-02.CrossRef Samuel JA, Wilson JW, Bandos H, Elledge RM, Robidoux A, Fehrenbacher L, et al. NSABP B-36: a randomized phase III trial comparing six cycles of 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide to four cycles of adriamycin and cyclophosphamide in patients with node-negative breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2015;75:S3-02.CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Urabe A, Shimada K, Kawai S, Kyo no Chiryoyaku. Commentary and handbook: Tokyo: Nankoudou; 2014. Urabe A, Shimada K, Kawai S, Kyo no Chiryoyaku. Commentary and handbook: Tokyo: Nankoudou; 2014.
30.
go back to reference Kurebayashi J, Miyoshi Y, Ishikawa T, Saji S, Sugie T, Suzuki T, et al. Clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer and trends in the management of breast cancer patients in Japan: based on the Breast Cancer Registry of the Japanese Breast Cancer Society between 2004 and 2011. Breast Cancer. 2015;22(3):235–44.CrossRefPubMed Kurebayashi J, Miyoshi Y, Ishikawa T, Saji S, Sugie T, Suzuki T, et al. Clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer and trends in the management of breast cancer patients in Japan: based on the Breast Cancer Registry of the Japanese Breast Cancer Society between 2004 and 2011. Breast Cancer. 2015;22(3):235–44.CrossRefPubMed
31.
go back to reference Sullivan SD, Mauskopf JA, Augustovski F, Jaime Caro J, Lee KM, Minchin M, et al. Budget impact analysis-principles of good practice: report of the ISPOR 2012 Budget Impact Analysis Good Practice II Task Force. Value Health. 2014;17(1):5–14.CrossRefPubMed Sullivan SD, Mauskopf JA, Augustovski F, Jaime Caro J, Lee KM, Minchin M, et al. Budget impact analysis-principles of good practice: report of the ISPOR 2012 Budget Impact Analysis Good Practice II Task Force. Value Health. 2014;17(1):5–14.CrossRefPubMed
32.
go back to reference Takamaru T, Kutomi G, Satomi F, Shima H, Ohno K, Kameshima H, et al. Use of the dye-guided sentinel lymph node biopsy method alone for breast cancer metastasis to avoid unnecessary axillary lymph node dissection. Exp Ther Med. 2014;7(2):456–60.PubMedPubMedCentral Takamaru T, Kutomi G, Satomi F, Shima H, Ohno K, Kameshima H, et al. Use of the dye-guided sentinel lymph node biopsy method alone for breast cancer metastasis to avoid unnecessary axillary lymph node dissection. Exp Ther Med. 2014;7(2):456–60.PubMedPubMedCentral
33.
go back to reference Takei H, Kurosumi M, Yoshida T, Ishikawa Y, Hayashi Y, Ninomiya J, et al. Axillary lymph node dissection can be avoided in women with breast cancer with intraoperative, false-negative sentinel lymph node biopsies. Breast Cancer. 2010;17(1):9–16.CrossRefPubMed Takei H, Kurosumi M, Yoshida T, Ishikawa Y, Hayashi Y, Ninomiya J, et al. Axillary lymph node dissection can be avoided in women with breast cancer with intraoperative, false-negative sentinel lymph node biopsies. Breast Cancer. 2010;17(1):9–16.CrossRefPubMed
34.
go back to reference Cassarino DS, Lewine N, Cole D, Wade B, Gustavsen G. Budget impact analysis of a novel gene expression assay for the diagnosis of malignant melanoma. J Med Econ. 2014;17(11):782–91.CrossRefPubMed Cassarino DS, Lewine N, Cole D, Wade B, Gustavsen G. Budget impact analysis of a novel gene expression assay for the diagnosis of malignant melanoma. J Med Econ. 2014;17(11):782–91.CrossRefPubMed
35.
go back to reference Meattini I, Desideri I, Saieva C, Francolini G, Scotti V, Bonomo P, et al. Impact of sentinel node tumor burden on outcome of invasive breast cancer patients. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2014;40(10):1195–202.CrossRefPubMed Meattini I, Desideri I, Saieva C, Francolini G, Scotti V, Bonomo P, et al. Impact of sentinel node tumor burden on outcome of invasive breast cancer patients. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2014;40(10):1195–202.CrossRefPubMed
36.
go back to reference Giuliano AE, Hunt KK, Ballman KV, Beitsch PD, Whitworth PW, Blumencranz PW, et al. Axillary dissection vs no axillary dissection in women with invasive breast cancer and sentinel node metastasis: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2011;305(6):569–75.CrossRefPubMed Giuliano AE, Hunt KK, Ballman KV, Beitsch PD, Whitworth PW, Blumencranz PW, et al. Axillary dissection vs no axillary dissection in women with invasive breast cancer and sentinel node metastasis: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2011;305(6):569–75.CrossRefPubMed
37.
go back to reference Takei H, Suemasu K, Kurosumi M, Horii Y, Yoshida T, Ninomiya J, et al. Recurrence after sentinel lymph node biopsy with or without axillary lymph node dissection in patients with breast cancer. Breast Cancer. 2007;14(1):16–24.CrossRefPubMed Takei H, Suemasu K, Kurosumi M, Horii Y, Yoshida T, Ninomiya J, et al. Recurrence after sentinel lymph node biopsy with or without axillary lymph node dissection in patients with breast cancer. Breast Cancer. 2007;14(1):16–24.CrossRefPubMed
38.
go back to reference Sanuki N, Takeda A, Amemiya A, Ofuchi T, Ono M, Ogata H, et al. Outcomes of clinically node-negative breast cancer without axillary dissection: can preserved axilla be safely treated with radiation after a positive sentinel node biopsy? Clin Breast Cancer. 2013;13(1):69–76.CrossRefPubMed Sanuki N, Takeda A, Amemiya A, Ofuchi T, Ono M, Ogata H, et al. Outcomes of clinically node-negative breast cancer without axillary dissection: can preserved axilla be safely treated with radiation after a positive sentinel node biopsy? Clin Breast Cancer. 2013;13(1):69–76.CrossRefPubMed
39.
go back to reference Straver ME, Meijnen P, van Tienhoven G, van de Velde CJ, Mansel RE, Bogaerts J, et al. Role of axillary clearance after a tumor-positive sentinel node in the administration of adjuvant therapy in early breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(5):731–7.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Straver ME, Meijnen P, van Tienhoven G, van de Velde CJ, Mansel RE, Bogaerts J, et al. Role of axillary clearance after a tumor-positive sentinel node in the administration of adjuvant therapy in early breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(5):731–7.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
40.
go back to reference Hoon DS, Bernet L, Cano R, Viale G. Molecular analysis of sentinel lymph nodes and search for molecular signatures of the metastatic potential of breast cancer. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2014;58(2):180–92.PubMed Hoon DS, Bernet L, Cano R, Viale G. Molecular analysis of sentinel lymph nodes and search for molecular signatures of the metastatic potential of breast cancer. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2014;58(2):180–92.PubMed
41.
go back to reference Osako T, Iwase T, Kimura K, Horii R, Akiyama F. Sentinel node tumour burden quantified based on cytokeratin 19 mRNA copy number predicts non-sentinel node metastases in breast cancer: molecular whole-node analysis of all removed nodes. Eur J Cancer. 2013;49(6):1187–95.CrossRefPubMed Osako T, Iwase T, Kimura K, Horii R, Akiyama F. Sentinel node tumour burden quantified based on cytokeratin 19 mRNA copy number predicts non-sentinel node metastases in breast cancer: molecular whole-node analysis of all removed nodes. Eur J Cancer. 2013;49(6):1187–95.CrossRefPubMed
42.
go back to reference Ronald AP. ProvenCare: Geisinger’s model for care transformation through innovative clinical initiatives and value creation. Am Health Drug Benefits. 2009;2(3):122–7. Ronald AP. ProvenCare: Geisinger’s model for care transformation through innovative clinical initiatives and value creation. Am Health Drug Benefits. 2009;2(3):122–7.
43.
go back to reference Dominici L, Najita J, Hughes M, Niland J, Marcom P, Wong YN, et al. Surgery of the primary tumor does not improve survival in stage IV breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2011;129(2):459–65.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Dominici L, Najita J, Hughes M, Niland J, Marcom P, Wong YN, et al. Surgery of the primary tumor does not improve survival in stage IV breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2011;129(2):459–65.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
Metadata
Title
Cost and Budget Impact Analysis of an Accurate Intraoperative Sentinel Lymph Node Diagnosis for Breast Cancer Metastasis
Authors
Yuko Saruta
Jaume Puig-Junoy
Publication date
01-06-2016
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Applied Health Economics and Health Policy / Issue 3/2016
Print ISSN: 1175-5652
Electronic ISSN: 1179-1896
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40258-016-0235-4

Other articles of this Issue 3/2016

Applied Health Economics and Health Policy 3/2016 Go to the issue