Skip to main content
Top
Published in: BMC Public Health 1/2015

Open Access 01-12-2015 | Study protocol

Contact & connect—an intervention to reduce depression stigma and symptoms in construction workers: protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Authors: Allison Milner, Katrina Witt, Lewis Burnside, Caitlyn Wilson, Anthony D. LaMontagne

Published in: BMC Public Health | Issue 1/2015

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Males employed in the construction industry have high rates of suicide. Although reasons underpinning this risk are multifaceted, poor help-seeking and stigma are represent major contributors. Males in the construction industry are also exposed to other risk factors for mental ill health and suicide, including unemployment. Sigma-reducing interventions that are accessible and attractive to recently unemployed males in the construction industry could therefore improve help-seeking, and address depression and suicidal behaviour in this population.

Methods/Design

Contact&Connect will use a parallel individual randomized design to evaluate the effectiveness of a multimedia-based intervention aimed at reducing stigma. The intervention consists of a package of 12 brief contact interventions (BCIs) delivered over a six month period. BCIs will direct participants to informational programs and microsites. Content will address three major themes: debunking depression myths and stereotypes, normalisation, and empowerment. Target enrolment is 630 (315 in each arm), each to be followed for 12 months. Eligible participants will be males, between 30 and 64 years, unemployed at the time of recruitment, registered with Incolink (a social welfare trustee company for unemployed members of the construction industry), and own a smart phone with enabled internet connectivity.

Discussion

At present, there are no programs that have been shown to be effective in reducing stigma in the blue-collar male population. Contact&Connect promises to provide a tailored, efficient, and scalable approach to reducing stigma, depressive symptoms and suicidality among unemployed males.

Trial registration

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Register ACTRN12615000792​527  (date of registration: 30 July, 2015).
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Milner A, Morrell S, LaMontagne A. Economically inactive, unemployed and employed suicides in Australia by age and sex over a 10-year period: What was the impact of the 2007 economic recession? Int J Epidemiol. 2014;43:1500–7.CrossRefPubMed Milner A, Morrell S, LaMontagne A. Economically inactive, unemployed and employed suicides in Australia by age and sex over a 10-year period: What was the impact of the 2007 economic recession? Int J Epidemiol. 2014;43:1500–7.CrossRefPubMed
2.
go back to reference Oliver M, Pearson N, Coe N, Gunnell D. Help-seeking behaviour in men and women with common mental health problems: cross-sectional study. Br J Psychiatry. 2005;186:297–301.CrossRefPubMed Oliver M, Pearson N, Coe N, Gunnell D. Help-seeking behaviour in men and women with common mental health problems: cross-sectional study. Br J Psychiatry. 2005;186:297–301.CrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference Clement S, Schauman O, Graham T, Maggioni F, Evans-Lacko S, Bezborodovs N, et al. What is the impact of mental health-related stigma on help-seeking? A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies. Psychol Med. 2015;45:11–27.CrossRefPubMed Clement S, Schauman O, Graham T, Maggioni F, Evans-Lacko S, Bezborodovs N, et al. What is the impact of mental health-related stigma on help-seeking? A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies. Psychol Med. 2015;45:11–27.CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Judd F, Komiti A, Jackson H. How does being female assist help-seeking for mental health problems? Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2008;42:24–9.CrossRefPubMed Judd F, Komiti A, Jackson H. How does being female assist help-seeking for mental health problems? Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2008;42:24–9.CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Labour Force Survey, Australia, Quarterly [category number: 6291.0.55.003]. Canberra, ACT: Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2015. Labour Force Survey, Australia, Quarterly [category number: 6291.0.55.003]. Canberra, ACT: Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2015.
6.
go back to reference McKee-Ryan F, Song Z, Wanberg C, Kinicki A. Psychological and physical well-being during unemployment: a meta-analytic study. J Appl Psychol. 2005;90:53–76.CrossRefPubMed McKee-Ryan F, Song Z, Wanberg C, Kinicki A. Psychological and physical well-being during unemployment: a meta-analytic study. J Appl Psychol. 2005;90:53–76.CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Jahoda M. Work, employment, and unemployment: Values, theories, and approaches in social research. Am Psychologist. 1981;36:184–91.CrossRef Jahoda M. Work, employment, and unemployment: Values, theories, and approaches in social research. Am Psychologist. 1981;36:184–91.CrossRef
8.
go back to reference ILO. The construction industry in the twenty-first century: Its image, employment prospects and skill requirements. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 2001. ILO. The construction industry in the twenty-first century: Its image, employment prospects and skill requirements. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 2001.
9.
go back to reference Audhoe S, Hoving J, Sluiter J, Frings-Dresen M. Vocational interventions for unemployed: Effects on work participation and mental distress: A systematic review. J Occupat Rehab. 2010;20:1–13.CrossRef Audhoe S, Hoving J, Sluiter J, Frings-Dresen M. Vocational interventions for unemployed: Effects on work participation and mental distress: A systematic review. J Occupat Rehab. 2010;20:1–13.CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Griffiths K, Christensen H, Jorm A, Evans K, Groves C. Effect of web-based depression literacy and cognitive-behavioural therapy interventions on stigmatising attitudes to depression. Br J Psychiatry. 2004;185:342–9.CrossRefPubMed Griffiths K, Christensen H, Jorm A, Evans K, Groves C. Effect of web-based depression literacy and cognitive-behavioural therapy interventions on stigmatising attitudes to depression. Br J Psychiatry. 2004;185:342–9.CrossRefPubMed
11.
12.
go back to reference Proudfoot J, Clarke J, Birch M-R, Whitton A, Parker G, Manicavasagar V, et al. Impact of a mobile phone and web program on symptom and functional outcomes for people with mild-to-moderate depression, anxiety and stress: a randomised controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2013;13:312.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Proudfoot J, Clarke J, Birch M-R, Whitton A, Parker G, Manicavasagar V, et al. Impact of a mobile phone and web program on symptom and functional outcomes for people with mild-to-moderate depression, anxiety and stress: a randomised controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2013;13:312.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Luxton D, June J, Comtois K. Can postdischarge follow-up contacts prevent suicide and suicidal behavior? A review of the evidence. Crisis. 2013;34:32–41.CrossRefPubMed Luxton D, June J, Comtois K. Can postdischarge follow-up contacts prevent suicide and suicidal behavior? A review of the evidence. Crisis. 2013;34:32–41.CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Bartholomew L, Parcel G, Kok G, Gottlieb N, Fernández M. Planning Health Promotion Programs: An Intervention Mapping Approach. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; 2011. Bartholomew L, Parcel G, Kok G, Gottlieb N, Fernández M. Planning Health Promotion Programs: An Intervention Mapping Approach. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; 2011.
15.
go back to reference Bartholomew L, Parcel G, Kok G. Intervention mapping: a process for designing theory- and evidence-based health education programs. Health Educat Behav. 1998;25:545–63.CrossRef Bartholomew L, Parcel G, Kok G. Intervention mapping: a process for designing theory- and evidence-based health education programs. Health Educat Behav. 1998;25:545–63.CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Barney L, Griffiths K, Christensen H, Jorm A. The Self-Stigma of Depression Scale (SSDS): Development and psychiatric evaluation of a new instrument. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2010;19:243–53.CrossRefPubMed Barney L, Griffiths K, Christensen H, Jorm A. The Self-Stigma of Depression Scale (SSDS): Development and psychiatric evaluation of a new instrument. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2010;19:243–53.CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Zimet G, Dahlem N, Zimet S, Farley G. The multidimesional scale of perceived social support. J Pers Assess. 1988;52:30–41.CrossRef Zimet G, Dahlem N, Zimet S, Farley G. The multidimesional scale of perceived social support. J Pers Assess. 1988;52:30–41.CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Goldberg D, Hillier V. A scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire. Psychol Med. 1979;9:139–45.CrossRefPubMed Goldberg D, Hillier V. A scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire. Psychol Med. 1979;9:139–45.CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Eaton W, Muntaner C, Smith C, Tien A, Ybarra M. Center for epidemiologic studies depression scale: review and revision (CESD and CESD-R). In: Maruish M, editor. The Use of Psychological Testing for Treatment Planning and Outcomes Assessment. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 2004. p. 363–77. Eaton W, Muntaner C, Smith C, Tien A, Ybarra M. Center for epidemiologic studies depression scale: review and revision (CESD and CESD-R). In: Maruish M, editor. The Use of Psychological Testing for Treatment Planning and Outcomes Assessment. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 2004. p. 363–77.
20.
go back to reference Derogatis L, Melisaratos N. The brief symptom inventory: an introductory report. Psychol Med. 1983;13:595–605.CrossRefPubMed Derogatis L, Melisaratos N. The brief symptom inventory: an introductory report. Psychol Med. 1983;13:595–605.CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Jorm A, Kitchener B, Sawyer M, Scales H, Cvetkovski S. Mental health first aid training for high school teachers: a cluster randomized trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2010;10:51.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Jorm A, Kitchener B, Sawyer M, Scales H, Cvetkovski S. Mental health first aid training for high school teachers: a cluster randomized trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2010;10:51.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Milner A, Page K, LaMontagne A. Perception of mattering and suicide ideation in the Australian working population. Comm Ment Health [under review]. Milner A, Page K, LaMontagne A. Perception of mattering and suicide ideation in the Australian working population. Comm Ment Health [under review].
23.
go back to reference Engles J, Diehr P. Imputation of missing longitudinal data: a comparison of methods. J Clin Epidemiol. 2003;56:968–76.CrossRef Engles J, Diehr P. Imputation of missing longitudinal data: a comparison of methods. J Clin Epidemiol. 2003;56:968–76.CrossRef
24.
go back to reference QSR International. NVivo qualitative data analysis software, version 10. QSR International Pty Ltd; 2012. QSR International. NVivo qualitative data analysis software, version 10. QSR International Pty Ltd; 2012.
25.
go back to reference Christensen H, Leach L, Barney L, Mackinnon A, Griffiths K. The effect of web based depression intervention of self-reported help-seeking: randomised controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2006;6:13.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Christensen H, Leach L, Barney L, Mackinnon A, Griffiths K. The effect of web based depression intervention of self-reported help-seeking: randomised controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2006;6:13.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference Milner A, Niven H, LaMontagne A. Suicide by occupational skill level in the Australian constuction industry: Data from 2001 to 2010. Aust N Z J Pub Health. 2014;38(281-5). Milner A, Niven H, LaMontagne A. Suicide by occupational skill level in the Australian constuction industry: Data from 2001 to 2010. Aust N Z J Pub Health. 2014;38(281-5).
27.
go back to reference Johnson J, Oliffe J, Kelly M, Galdas P, Ogrodniczuk J. Men’s discourses of help-seeking in the context of depression. Sociol Health Illness. 2012;34:345–61.CrossRef Johnson J, Oliffe J, Kelly M, Galdas P, Ogrodniczuk J. Men’s discourses of help-seeking in the context of depression. Sociol Health Illness. 2012;34:345–61.CrossRef
28.
go back to reference Hoy S. Beyond men behaving badly: a meta-ethnography of men’s perspectives on psychological distress and help-seeking. Int J Men’s Health. 2012;11:202–26.CrossRef Hoy S. Beyond men behaving badly: a meta-ethnography of men’s perspectives on psychological distress and help-seeking. Int J Men’s Health. 2012;11:202–26.CrossRef
29.
go back to reference O'Brien R, Hunt K, Hart G. ‘It’s caveman stuff, but that is to a centain extent how guys still operate’: Men’s accounts of masculinity and help-seeking. Soc Sci Med. 2005;61:503–16.CrossRefPubMed O'Brien R, Hunt K, Hart G. ‘It’s caveman stuff, but that is to a centain extent how guys still operate’: Men’s accounts of masculinity and help-seeking. Soc Sci Med. 2005;61:503–16.CrossRefPubMed
30.
go back to reference Rueda S, Chambers L, Wilson M, Mustard C, Rourke S, Bayoumi A, et al. Association of returning to work with better health in working-aged adults: a systematic review. Am J Public Health. 2012;102:541–56.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Rueda S, Chambers L, Wilson M, Mustard C, Rourke S, Bayoumi A, et al. Association of returning to work with better health in working-aged adults: a systematic review. Am J Public Health. 2012;102:541–56.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
31.
go back to reference Morrell S, Taylor R, Quine S, Kerr C. Suicide and unemploument in Australia, 1907-1990. Soc Sci Med. 1993;36:749–56.CrossRefPubMed Morrell S, Taylor R, Quine S, Kerr C. Suicide and unemploument in Australia, 1907-1990. Soc Sci Med. 1993;36:749–56.CrossRefPubMed
32.
go back to reference Cotton S, Wright A, Harris M, Jorm A, McGorry P. Influence of gender on mental health literacy in young Australians. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2006;40:790–6.CrossRefPubMed Cotton S, Wright A, Harris M, Jorm A, McGorry P. Influence of gender on mental health literacy in young Australians. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2006;40:790–6.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Contact & connect—an intervention to reduce depression stigma and symptoms in construction workers: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors
Allison Milner
Katrina Witt
Lewis Burnside
Caitlyn Wilson
Anthony D. LaMontagne
Publication date
01-12-2015
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Public Health / Issue 1/2015
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2458
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2394-x

Other articles of this Issue 1/2015

BMC Public Health 1/2015 Go to the issue