Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Current Oral Health Reports
Published in: Current Oral Health Reports 4/2019

01-12-2019 | Computer Aided Design | Modern Production Laboratory Advances in Dental Technology (M Bergler and E Steger, Section Editors)

Facially Driven Digital Diagnostic Waxing: New Software Features to Simulate and Define Restorative Outcomes

Authors: Wenceslao Piedra-Cascón, Vicent T. Hsu, Marta Revilla-León

Published in: Current Oral Health Reports | Issue 4/2019

Login to get access

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Computer-aided design (CAD) softwares minimize human designing errors, reduce time and cost, and serve as more powerful diagnostic and designing tools for treatment planning in restorative dentistry when compared with conventional diagnostic waxing techniques. The goal of this article was to review the features of the available dental and open-source CAD softwares for a facially driven digital diagnostic waxing elaboration.

Recent Findings

The literature review demonstrated that when digital technologies are selected, the fundamental concepts remain, but the protocol differs. When fabricating a facially driven diagnostic waxing, the digitized dentition obtained from either an intraoral scanner or digitized conventional stone cast can be merged with either two-dimensional (2D) photographs or three-dimensional (3D) extraoral facial scans of the patient at different positions. This superimposition procedure has been described in dental and open-source CAD softwares. Indeed, dental CAD softwares offer intuitive tools for dental professionals; however, the flexibility in creating virtual designs is more limited compared with open-source softwares.

Summary

Digital technologies serve as a more powerful diagnostic and design tool when compared with conventional procedures. The integration of different digital technologies has promoted the development of a 3D virtual patient, allowing clinicians and dental technicians to superimpose data on patients’ facial skeletons, extraoral soft tissue, and dentition. Both dental and open-source CAD softwares greatly improve the facially driven diagnostic waxing predictability because they incorporate the patient’s facial references.
Literature
1.
Goldstein RE. Esthetics in dentistry. Vol 1: Principles, communication, treatment methods, edn 2. Ontario: BC Decker; 1998. p. 3–51.
2.
Chiche GJ, Pinault A. Esthetics of anterior fixed prosthodontics. Chicago: Quintessence; 1996. p. 33–50.
3.
Fradeani M. Esthetic rehabilitation in fixed prosthodontics. Vol 1: Esthetic analysis: a systematic approach to prosthetic treatment. Chicago: Quintessence; 2004. p. 22–30.
4.
Rufenacht CR. Fundamentals of esthetics. Chicago: Quintessence; 1990. p. 205–41.
5.
Spear FM, Kokich VG. A multidisciplinary approach to esthetic dentistry. Dent Clin N Am. 2007;51:487–505.PubMed
6.
Ackerman MB, Ackerman JL. Smile analysis and design in the digital era. J Clin Orthod. 2002;36:221–36.PubMed
7.
The glossary of prosthodontic terms. edn 9th. J Prosthet Dent 2017;117:e32.
8.
Kois DE, Schmidt KK, Raigrodski AJ. Esthetic templates for complex restorative cases: rationale and management. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2008;20:239–48.PubMed
9.
Marzola R, Derbabian K, Donovan TE, Arcidiancono A. The science of communicating the art of esthetic dentistry: part I: patient-dentist-patient communication. J Esthet Dent. 2000;12:131–8.PubMed
10.
Kokich V, Kiyak HA, Shapiro PA. Comparing the perception of dentists and laypeople to altered dental esthetics. J Esthet Dent. 1999;11:311–24.PubMed
11.
Magne P, Salem P, Magne M. Influence of symmetry and balance on visual perception of a white female smile. J Prosthet Dent. 2018;120:573–82.PubMed
12.
Revilla-León M, Meyer MJ, Barrington JJ, Sones A, Umorin MP, Taleghani M, et al. Perception of occlusal plane that is non parallel to interpupillary and comissural lines but with the maxillary dental midline ideally positioned. J Prosthet Dent. 2019; (in press).
13.
Magne P, Magne M, Belser U. The diagnostic template: a key element to the comprehensive esthetic treatment concept. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1996;16:560–9.PubMed
14.
Donovan TE, Cho GC. Diagnostic provisional restorations in restorative dentistry: the blueprint for success. J Can Dent Assoc. 1999;65:272–5.PubMed
15.
Duret F. Toward a new symbolism in the fabrication of prosthetic design. Les Cahiers de Prothèse. 1985;13:65–71.PubMed
16.
Zimmermann M, Mehl A, Mörmann WH, Reich S. Intraoral scanning systems—a current overview. Int J Comput Dent. 2015;18:101–29.PubMed
17.
Liu S, Srinivasan M, Mörzinger R, Lancelle M, Beeler T, Gross M, et al. Reliability of a three-dimensional facial camera for dental and medical applications: a pilot study. J Prosthet Dent. 2019; (in press).
18.
Wismeijer D, Mans R, Van Genuchten M, Reijers HA. Patients’ preferences when comparing analogue implant impressions using a polyether impression material versus digital impressions (Intraoral Scan) of dental implants. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2014;25:1113–8.PubMed
19.
Joda T, Brägger U. Patient-centered outcomes comparing digital and conventional implant impression procedures: a randomized crossover trial. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2016;27:e185–9.PubMed
20.
Eaton KA, Reynolds PA, Grayden SK, Wilson NH. A vision of dental education in the third millennium. Br Dent J. 2008;205:261–71.PubMed
21.
Schoenbaum TR. Dentistry in the digital age: an update. Dentistry Today. 2012;31:108–13.PubMed
22.
•• Joda T, Gallucci G. The virtual patient in dental medicine. Clin Oral Impl Res. 2015;26:725–6 Proof of virtual patient principle.
23.
Noguchi N, Tsuji M, Shigematsu M, Goto M. An orthognathic simulation system integrating teeth, jaw and face data using 3d cephalometry. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2007;36:640–5.PubMed
24.
Rangel FA, Maal TJ, Bergé SJ, Van Vlijmen OJ, Plooij JM, Schutyser F, et al. Integration of digital dental casts in 3-dimensional facial photographs. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;134:820Y826.
25.
Rosati R, De Menezes M, Rossetti A, Sforza C, Ferrario VF. Digital dental cast placement in 3-dimensional, full-face reconstruction: a technical evaluation. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;138:84Y88.
26.
Plooij JM, Maal TJ, Haers P, Borstlap WA, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM, Bergé SJ. Digital three-dimensional image fusion processes for planning and evaluating orthodontics and orthognathic surgery. A systematic review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011;40:341–52.
27.
Galantucci LM, Percoco G, Lavecchia F, Di Gioia E. Noninvasive computerized scanning method for the correlation between the facial soft and hard tissues for an integrated three-dimensional anthropometry and cephalometry. J Craniofac Surg. 2013;24:797–804.PubMed
28.
Kurbad A, Kurbad S. Cerec Smile Design—a software tool for the enhancement of restorations in the esthetic zone. Int J Comput Dent. 2013;16:255–69.PubMed
29.
•• Joda T, Brägger U, Gallucci G. Systematic literature review of digital three-dimensional superimposition techniques to create virtual dental patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2015;30:330–7 Systematic review virtual patient principle literature. PubMed
30.
Sancho-Puchades M, Fehmer V, Hämmerle C, Sailer I. Advanced smile diagnosis using CAD/CAM mock-ups. Int J Esthet Dent. 2015;10:374–91.PubMed
31.
Cattoni F, Mastrangelo F, Gherlone EF, Gastaldi G. A new total digital smile planning technique (3D-DSP) to fabricate CAD-CAM mockups for esthetic crowns and veneers. Int J Dent. 2016;2016:6282587.PubMedPubMedCentral
32.
Hassan B, Greven M, Wismeijer D. Integrating 3D facial scanning in a digital workflow to CAD/CAM design and fabricate complete dentures for immediate total mouth rehabilitation. J Adv Prosthodont. 2017;9:381–6.PubMedPubMedCentral
33.
Hassan B, Gimenez Gonzalez B, Tahmaseb A, Greven M, Wismeijer D. A digital approach integrating facial scanning in a CAD-CAM workflow for complete-mouth implant-supported rehabilitation of patients with edentulism: a pilot clinical study. J Prosthet Dent. 2017;117:486–92.PubMed
34.
Coachman C, Calamita MA, Coachman FG, Coachman RG, Sesma N. Facially generated and cephalometric guided 3D digital design for complete mouth implant rehabilitation: a clinical report. J Prosthet Dent. 2017;117:577–86.PubMed
35.
Mangano C, Luongo F, Migliario M, Mortellaro C, Mangano FG. Combining Intraoral Scans, Cone Beam Computed Tomography and Face Scans: The Virtual Patient. J Craniofac Surg. 2018;29:2241–6.PubMed
36.
• Cascón WP, De Gopegui JR, Revilla-León M. Facially generated and additively manufactured baseplate and occlusion rim for treatment planning a complete-arch rehabilitation: A dental technique. J Prosthet Dent. 2018;S0022–3913:30632–42 Open source software and 3D printing technologies used on a maxillary completely edentulous patient for treatment planning purposes.
37.
Pozzi A, Arcuri L, Moy PK. The smiling scan technique: Facially driven guided surgery and prosthetics. J Prosthodont Res. 2018;62:514–7.PubMed
38.
Lin WS, Harris BT, Phasuk K, Llop DR, Morton D. Integrating a facial scan, virtual smile design, and 3D virtual patient for treatment with CAD-CAM ceramic veneers: a clinical report. J Prosthet Dent. 2018;119:200–5.PubMed
39.
Revilla-León M, Sánchez-Rubio JL, Besné-Torre A, Özcan M. A report on a diagnostic digital workflow for esthetic dental rehabilitation using additive manufacturing technologies. Int J Esthet Dent. 2018;13:184–96.PubMed
40.
Revilla-León M, Besné-Torre A, Sánchez-Rubio JL, Fábrega JJ, Özcan M. Digital tools and 3D printing technologies integrated into the workflow of restorative treatment: a clinical report. J Prosthet Dent. 2019;121:3–8.PubMed
41.
Revilla-León M, Fountain J, Piedra Cascón W, Özcan M, Zandinejad A. Workflow description of additively manufactured clear silicone indexes for injected provisional restorations: A novel technique. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2019;2019.
42.
Revilla-León M, Raney L, Cascón-Piedra W, Barrington J, Zandinejad A, Özcan M. Digital workflow for an esthetic rehabilitation using a facial and intraoral scanner and an additive manufactured silicone index: a dental technique. J Prosthet Dent. 2019; (in press).
43.
Bohner L, Gamba DD, Hanisch M, Marcio BS, Tortamano Neto P, Laganá DC, et al. Accuracy of digital technologies for the scanning of facial, skeletal and intraoral tissues: a systematic review. J Prosthet Dent. 2019;121:246–51.PubMed
44.
Knoops PG, Beaumont CA, Borghi A, Rodriguez-Florez N, Breakey RW, Rodgers W, et al. Comparison of three-dimensional scanner systems for craniomaxillofacial imaging. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2017;70:441–9.
45.
Cho SH, Chang WG. Mirror-image anterior crown fabrication with computer-aided design and rapid prototyping technology: a clinical report. J Prosthet Dent. 2013;109:75–8.PubMed
46.
Abduo J, Bennamoun M, Tennant M. Influence of conventional and digital wax-ups on axial toothcContour. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2015;35:e50–9.PubMed
47.
Coachman C, Calamita MA. Digital smile design: a tool for treatment planning and communication in esthetic dentistry. Quintessence Dent Technol. 2012;35:103–11.
48.
McLaren EA, Garber DA, Figueira J. The photoshop smile design technique (part 1): digital dental photography. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2013;34:772–4.PubMed
49.
Lin WS, Zandinejad A, Metz MJ, Harris BT, Morton D. Predictable restorative work flow for computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacture fabricated ceramic veneers utilizing a virtual smile design principle. Oper Dent. 2015;40:357–63.PubMed
50.
Hämmerle CHF, Cordaro L, van Assche N, Benic GI, Bornstein M, Gamper F, et al. Digital technologies to support planning, treatment and fabrication processes and outcome assessments in implant dentistry. Summary and consensus statements. The 4th EAO consensus conference. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2015;26:97–101.PubMed
51.
Meereis CT, de Souza GB, Albino LG, Ogliari FA, Piva E, Lima GS. Digital smile design for computer-assisted esthetic rehabilitation: two-year follow-up. Oper Dent. 2016;41:E13–22.PubMed
52.
Piedra Cascón W, Revilla-León M. Digital workflow for the design and additively manufacture of a splinted framework and custom tray for the impression of multiple implants: a dental technique. J Prosthet Dent. 2018;120:805–11.PubMed
53.
Galibourg A, Brenes C. Virtual smiel design tip: From 2D to 3D design with free software. J Prosthet Dent. 2019; (in press).
Metadata
Title
Facially Driven Digital Diagnostic Waxing: New Software Features to Simulate and Define Restorative Outcomes
Authors
Wenceslao Piedra-Cascón
Vicent T. Hsu
Marta Revilla-León
Publication date
01-12-2019
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Current Oral Health Reports / Issue 4/2019
Electronic ISSN: 2196-3002
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40496-019-00233-6

Other articles of this Issue 4/2019

Current Oral Health Reports 4/2019 Go to the issue

Modern Approaches to Endodontics (S Kim and B Karabucak, Section Editors)

Beyond Endodontic MicroSurgery 1: Intentional Replantation

Modern Production Laboratory Advances in Dental Technology (M Bergler and E Steger, Section Editors)

Digital Treatment Planning: Limits and Possibilities

Clinical Periodontics (Y Stathopoulou, Section Editor)

The Use of Growth Factors for Guided Bone Regeneration in Clinical Periodontics

Modern Production Laboratory Advances in Dental Technology (M Bergler and E Steger, Section Editors)

3D Printing of Zirconia–What is the Future?

Modern Production Laboratory Advances in Dental Technology (M Bergler and E Steger, Section Editors)

Functional Aesthetics in Implantology and Reconstructive Dentistry: Analysis and Transfer of Referenced Individual Patient Information With the PlaneSystem®

Dental Restorative Materials (M Özcan and P Cesar, Section Editors)

Digital Scanning in Modern Orthodontics