Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 7/2018

01-07-2018 | Assisted Reproduction Technologies

Compensating human subjects providing oocytes for stem cell research: 9-year experience and outcomes

Authors: L. Zakarin Safier, A. Gumer, M. Kline, D. Egli, M. V. Sauer

Published in: Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics | Issue 7/2018

Login to get access

Abstract

Purpose

Human oocytes are arguably one of the most important cell types in humans, yet they are one of the least investigated cells. Because oocytes are limited in number, the use of high-quality oocytes is almost entirely in reproduction. Furthermore, regulatory hurdles for research on gametes and regulations on funding related to research on gametes present significant obstacles to research and the advancement of reproductive treatments. Here we report the outcomes of the largest compensated oocyte donation program for research in the USA to date, and probably worldwide.

Methods

Women who participated in oocyte donation for research between 2008 and 2017 were contacted in a phone interview and completed a standardized questionnaire.

Results

Of 114 participants, 98 oocyte donors completed donation, donating 1787 mature MII oocytes and a total of 86 skin biopsies. Complication rate, including minor complications, of oocyte donation was 8/98, or 8.1%, for which two involved follow-up. Fifty-seven donors answered questions about their experience. Participants were incentivized primarily by money and a desire to help others and reported an overall favorable experience. Most, but not all, human subjects recalled that they had donated for research, and approximately half recalled that their oocytes were being used specifically for stem cell research.

Conclusions

Compensated oocyte donation provides a reliable path to obtaining high-quality oocytes for research and is reviewed favorably by oocyte donors. The continuation of programs that offer compensation for oocyte donation is invaluable to continued progress and advancements in stem cell research and human embryology, and for the advancement of novel reproductive treatments.
Literature
1.
go back to reference 2008 Guidelines for gamete and embryo donation: a Practice Committee report. Fertility and sterility 90, S30–44. 2008 Guidelines for gamete and embryo donation: a Practice Committee report. Fertility and sterility 90, S30–44.
2.
go back to reference Board, E.S.S.C. Statement of the Empire State Stem Cell Board on the Compensation of Oocyte Donors (NY.Gov). Board, E.S.S.C. Statement of the Empire State Stem Cell Board on the Compensation of Oocyte Donors (NY.Gov).
3.
go back to reference Carson SA, Eschenbach DA, Lomax G, Rice VM, Sauer MV, Taylor RN. Proposed oocyte donation guidelines for stem cell research. Fertil Steril. 2010;94:2503–6.CrossRefPubMed Carson SA, Eschenbach DA, Lomax G, Rice VM, Sauer MV, Taylor RN. Proposed oocyte donation guidelines for stem cell research. Fertil Steril. 2010;94:2503–6.CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Chia G, Agudo J, Treff N, Sauer MV, Billing D, Brown BD, et al. Genomic instability during reprogramming by nuclear transfer is DNA replication dependent. Nat Cell Biol. 2017;19:282–91.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Chia G, Agudo J, Treff N, Sauer MV, Billing D, Brown BD, et al. Genomic instability during reprogramming by nuclear transfer is DNA replication dependent. Nat Cell Biol. 2017;19:282–91.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
5.
go back to reference Chia G, Egli D. Connecting the cell cycle with cellular identity. Cell Reprogram. 2013;15:356–66.CrossRefPubMed Chia G, Egli D. Connecting the cell cycle with cellular identity. Cell Reprogram. 2013;15:356–66.CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Congress, t. H.R.2880—Balanced Budget Downpayment Act. In: I; 1995. Congress, t. H.R.2880—Balanced Budget Downpayment Act. In: I; 1995.
7.
go back to reference Egli D, Chen AE, Saphier G, Powers D, Alper M, Katz K, et al. Impracticality of egg donor recruitment in the absence of compensation. Cell Stem Cell. 2011;9:293–4.CrossRefPubMed Egli D, Chen AE, Saphier G, Powers D, Alper M, Katz K, et al. Impracticality of egg donor recruitment in the absence of compensation. Cell Stem Cell. 2011;9:293–4.CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Ethics, A.C.o. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 347, November 2006: Using preimplantation embryos for research. Obstet Gynecol. 2006;108:1305–17.CrossRef Ethics, A.C.o. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 347, November 2006: Using preimplantation embryos for research. Obstet Gynecol. 2006;108:1305–17.CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Harmon K. For sale: human eggs become a research commodity. In Scientific American. 2009. Harmon K. For sale: human eggs become a research commodity. In Scientific American. 2009.
10.
go back to reference Hiltzik M. Should we pay women to donate their eggs for research? No, and here’s why. In Los Angeles Times. 2016. Hiltzik M. Should we pay women to donate their eggs for research? No, and here’s why. In Los Angeles Times. 2016.
11.
go back to reference Hynes RO, Moreno JD, Price Foley E, Fost N, Horvitz HR, Imbrescia M, et al. Guidelines for human embryonic stem cell research. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press; 2005. Hynes RO, Moreno JD, Price Foley E, Fost N, Horvitz HR, Imbrescia M, et al. Guidelines for human embryonic stem cell research. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press; 2005.
12.
go back to reference Hyslop LA, Blakeley P, Craven L, Richardson J, Fogarty NM, Fragouli E, et al. Towards clinical application of pronuclear transfer to prevent mitochondrial DNA disease. In: Nature, vol. 534; 2016. p. 383–6. Hyslop LA, Blakeley P, Craven L, Richardson J, Fogarty NM, Fragouli E, et al. Towards clinical application of pronuclear transfer to prevent mitochondrial DNA disease. In: Nature, vol. 534; 2016. p. 383–6.
14.
go back to reference ISSCR (2007). Guidelines for the conduct of human embryonic stem cell research. Curr Protoc Stem Cell Biol Appendix 1, Appendix 1A. ISSCR (2007). Guidelines for the conduct of human embryonic stem cell research. Curr Protoc Stem Cell Biol Appendix 1, Appendix 1A.
15.
go back to reference Johannesson B, Sagi I, Gore A, Paull D, Yamada M, Golav-Lev T, LeDuc C, Shen Y, Stern S, Xu N, et al. Comparable frequencies of coding mutations and loss-of-imprinting in human pluripotent cells derived by nuclear transfer and defined factors. Cell stem cell in press. 2014 Johannesson B, Sagi I, Gore A, Paull D, Yamada M, Golav-Lev T, LeDuc C, Shen Y, Stern S, Xu N, et al. Comparable frequencies of coding mutations and loss-of-imprinting in human pluripotent cells derived by nuclear transfer and defined factors. Cell stem cell in press. 2014
17.
go back to reference Knaub K. Egg donors get pay limits axed with antitrust settlement, law360, ed. 2016 Knaub K. Egg donors get pay limits axed with antitrust settlement, law360, ed. 2016
18.
go back to reference Kort DH, Chia G, Treff NR, Tanaka AJ, Xing T, Vensand LB, et al. Human embryos commonly form abnormal nuclei during development: a mechanism of DNA damage, embryonic aneuploidy, and developmental arrest. In: Human reproduction. Oxford: England; 2015. p. dev281. Kort DH, Chia G, Treff NR, Tanaka AJ, Xing T, Vensand LB, et al. Human embryos commonly form abnormal nuclei during development: a mechanism of DNA damage, embryonic aneuploidy, and developmental arrest. In: Human reproduction. Oxford: England; 2015. p. dev281.
19.
go back to reference LEGISLATURE, C. ( ). California code, health and safety code. In HSC § 125355. LEGISLATURE, C. ( ). California code, health and safety code. In HSC § 125355.
20.
go back to reference Liang P, Xu Y, Zhang X, Ding C, Huang R, Zhang Z, et al. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in human tripronuclear zygotes. Protein & cell. 2015;6:363–72.CrossRef Liang P, Xu Y, Zhang X, Ding C, Huang R, Zhang Z, et al. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in human tripronuclear zygotes. Protein & cell. 2015;6:363–72.CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Ma H, O'Neil RC, Marti Gutierrez N, Hariharan M, Zhang ZZ, He Y, et al. Functional human oocytes generated by transfer of polar body genomes. In: Cell stem cell; 2016. Ma H, O'Neil RC, Marti Gutierrez N, Hariharan M, Zhang ZZ, He Y, et al. Functional human oocytes generated by transfer of polar body genomes. In: Cell stem cell; 2016.
22.
go back to reference Medicine ECOTASFR. Financial compensation of oocyte donors. Fertil Steril. 2007;88:305–9.CrossRef Medicine ECOTASFR. Financial compensation of oocyte donors. Fertil Steril. 2007;88:305–9.CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Noggle S, Fung HL, Gore A, Martinez H, Satriani KC, Prosser R, et al. Human oocytes reprogram somatic cells to a pluripotent state. Nature. 2011;478:70–5.CrossRefPubMed Noggle S, Fung HL, Gore A, Martinez H, Satriani KC, Prosser R, et al. Human oocytes reprogram somatic cells to a pluripotent state. Nature. 2011;478:70–5.CrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference Panel HER. N.I.o. Health, ed. Bethesda, MD: NIH; 1994. Panel HER. N.I.o. Health, ed. Bethesda, MD: NIH; 1994.
25.
go back to reference Paull D, Emmanuele V, Weiss KA, Treff N, Stewart L, Hua H, et al. Nuclear genome transfer in human oocytes eliminates mitochondrial DNA variants. Nature. 2013;493:632–7.CrossRefPubMed Paull D, Emmanuele V, Weiss KA, Treff N, Stewart L, Hua H, et al. Nuclear genome transfer in human oocytes eliminates mitochondrial DNA variants. Nature. 2013;493:632–7.CrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference Roxland BE. New York State’s landmark policies on oversight and compensation for egg donation to stem cell research. Regen Med. 2012;7:397–408.CrossRefPubMed Roxland BE. New York State’s landmark policies on oversight and compensation for egg donation to stem cell research. Regen Med. 2012;7:397–408.CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Sagi I, Chia G, Golan-Lev T, Peretz M, Weissbein U, Sui L, et al. Derivation and differentiation of haploid human embryonic stem cells. Nature. 2016;532:107–11.CrossRefPubMed Sagi I, Chia G, Golan-Lev T, Peretz M, Weissbein U, Sui L, et al. Derivation and differentiation of haploid human embryonic stem cells. Nature. 2016;532:107–11.CrossRefPubMed
28.
29.
go back to reference Steinbock B. Payment for egg donation and surrogacy. The Mount Sinai journal of medicine, New York. 2004;71:255–65.PubMed Steinbock B. Payment for egg donation and surrogacy. The Mount Sinai journal of medicine, New York. 2004;71:255–65.PubMed
30.
31.
go back to reference Tachibana M, Amato P, Sparman M, Gutierrez NM, Tippner-Hedges R, Ma H, et al. Human embryonic stem cells derived by somatic cell nuclear transfer. Cell. 2013a;153:1228–38.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Tachibana M, Amato P, Sparman M, Gutierrez NM, Tippner-Hedges R, Ma H, et al. Human embryonic stem cells derived by somatic cell nuclear transfer. Cell. 2013a;153:1228–38.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
32.
go back to reference Tachibana M, Amato P, Sparman M, Woodward J, Sanchis DM, Ma H, et al. Towards germline gene therapy of inherited mitochondrial diseases. Nature. 2013b;493:627–31.CrossRefPubMed Tachibana M, Amato P, Sparman M, Woodward J, Sanchis DM, Ma H, et al. Towards germline gene therapy of inherited mitochondrial diseases. Nature. 2013b;493:627–31.CrossRefPubMed
33.
go back to reference Yamada M, Emmanuele V, Sanchez-Quintero MJ, Sun B, Lallos G, Paull D, et al. Genetic drift can compromise mitochondrial replacement by nuclear transfer in human oocytes. Cell Stem Cell. 2016;18:749–54.CrossRefPubMed Yamada M, Emmanuele V, Sanchez-Quintero MJ, Sun B, Lallos G, Paull D, et al. Genetic drift can compromise mitochondrial replacement by nuclear transfer in human oocytes. Cell Stem Cell. 2016;18:749–54.CrossRefPubMed
34.
go back to reference Yamada M, Johannesson B, Sagi I, Burnett LC, Kort DH, Prosser RW, et al. Human oocytes reprogram adult somatic nuclei of a type 1 diabetic to diploid pluripotent stem cells. Nature. 2014;510:533–6.CrossRefPubMed Yamada M, Johannesson B, Sagi I, Burnett LC, Kort DH, Prosser RW, et al. Human oocytes reprogram adult somatic nuclei of a type 1 diabetic to diploid pluripotent stem cells. Nature. 2014;510:533–6.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Compensating human subjects providing oocytes for stem cell research: 9-year experience and outcomes
Authors
L. Zakarin Safier
A. Gumer
M. Kline
D. Egli
M. V. Sauer
Publication date
01-07-2018
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics / Issue 7/2018
Print ISSN: 1058-0468
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7330
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-018-1171-z

Other articles of this Issue 7/2018

Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 7/2018 Go to the issue