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01-06-2012

Clinical features and preliminary studies of virological correlates of neurocognitive impairment among HIV-infected individuals in Nigeria

Authors: Walter Royal III, Mariana Cherner, Jean Carr, Abdulrazaq G. Habib, Abimbola Akomolafe, Alashl’e. Abimiku, Manhattan Charurat, John Farley, Akinwande Oluyemisi, Ibrahim Mamadu, Joyce Johnson, Ronald Ellis, J. Allen McCutchen, Igor Grant, William A. Blattner

Published in: Journal of NeuroVirology | Issue 3/2012

Abstract

In Nigeria, the incidence and prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related neurocognitive impairment (NCI) are unknown and there currently exists little information related to the viral correlates rates of NCI. Therefore, studies were performed to examine the potential utility of applying an established neuropsychological (NP) screening battery and detailed NP testing to detect NCI and correlations with functional impairment and the presence of specific viral signatures among infected subjects. A total of 60 HIV-1 seropositive antiretroviral-naive individuals and 56 seronegative control subjects were administered the International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS) and assessed for functional impairment using the Karnofsky performance status scale. Fifteen HIV-infected patients and 11 controls were also administered a detailed NP battery. Blood samples from eight infected subjects, three with evidence of NCI, were obtained for molecular analysis of HIV-1 strain. Unadjusted scores on the IHDS showed that, using a recommended total score cutoff of 10, 28.8 % of the HIV-1 seropositive and 16.0 % of seropositive individuals scored abnormally. Results from testing using the full NP battery showed that, overall, the HIV seropositive group performed worse than the seronegative group, with effect sizes spanning from small (0.25 on the trail making test A) to large (0.82 on action fluency), and an average effect size across the battery of 0.45, which approaches that which has been recorded in other international settings. Sequencing of partial pol amplicons from viral isolates revealed that two of three patients with NCI were infected with subtype G virus and 1 with the circulating recombinant form (CRF)02_AG; all four individuals without NCI were infected with CRF_02AG. These studies demonstrate the utility of the IHDS in identifying cognitive impairment among HIV infected individuals in Nigeria. Future studies aimed at examining the burden of NCI among the population of individuals with HIV-1 infection in Nigeria and which assess the virologic correlates will contribute to the evolving understanding of the pathogenetic factors that underlie this disorder.

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Title: Clinical features and preliminary studies of virological correlates of neurocognitive impairment among HIV-infected individuals in Nigeria
Authors: Walter Royal III
Mariana Cherner
Jean Carr
Abdulrazaq G. Habib
Abimbola Akomolafe
Alashl’e. Abimiku
Manhattan Charurat
John Farley
Akinwande Oluyemisi
Ibrahim Mamadu
Joyce Johnson
Ronald Ellis
J. Allen McCutchen
Igor Grant
William A. Blattner
Publication date: 01-06-2012
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Journal of NeuroVirology / Issue 3/2012
Print ISSN: 1355-0284
Electronic ISSN: 1538-2443
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-012-0097-y

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Clinical features and preliminary studies of virological correlates of neurocognitive impairment among HIV-infected individuals in Nigeria

Abstract

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

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