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Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine

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Open Access 01-12-2023 | Climate Change | Review

Gendered traditional agroecological knowledge in agri-food systems: a systematic review

Authors: Ana G. Ramirez-Santos, Federica Ravera, Marta G. Rivera-Ferre, Mar Calvet-Nogués

Published in: Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine | Issue 1/2023

Abstract

Traditional agroecological knowledge (i.e. TAeK) is gaining recognition for its potential contribution to climate change adaptation in food systems, ecosystems restoration and food insecurity. Despite the existing literature on Traditional Ecological Knowledge and its nexus with food security, how gender critically influences the distribution of such knowledge within agri-food systems has not yet been systematically analysed. In this regard, this systematic review attempts to answer four questions: 1) How does the literature on gender and TAeK in agri-food systems evolved temporally, geographically and in different agroecosystems? 2) How are gender and intersectionality mainly approached by such literature? 3) How do the articles address gendered dimensions in TAeK within the agri-food system activities? 4) What are the main drivers of change that influence TAeK and adaptive responses? The results show the gendered nature of TAeK in relation to food production, processing, and conservation activities, and how these activities are linked to tasks and activities, gender-specific knowledge, and spaces where gender discrimination is reproduced. The review also identifies elements that delimit and/or take part of the development of TAeK, such as gendered access to resources, gendered institutions, and the identification of the main drivers of change and impacts of TAeK erosion and biodiversity loss. These results are discussed in terms of power relations that interact with sociocultural norms and practices according to the specific geographical context and agroecosystem.

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FPE brings feminist theory and objectives to political ecology and suggests gender in relation to class, race, and other relevant axes of power shape access to and control over natural resources and doing so helps to demonstrate how social identities are constituted in and through relationships with nature and everyday material practices [25].

Agri-food system is considered a complex system including a series of activities, actors, and interactions along the agri-food value chain from access to resources, input supply, and production of crops, livestock, and other agricultural commodities to transportation, processing, retailing, wholesaling, and preparation of foods to consumption and disposal, contributing to the satisfaction of human food security [27]. Agri-food systems also include the enabling policy environments and cultural norms around food (IFPRI, 2021). In this review, under the lens of the FPE, we also consider access to resources as part of the agri-food system.

The agroecosystems concept is adopted from the agroecological studies, where it is conceived as an open system that constantly interacts with the physic, biotic, social, economic, and cultural environment. The agroecosystem is modified by human beings to obtain goods or services with different purposes, and there are also dynamics and relationships between the culture and its physical–biological environment. This concept allows us to cover more than the agroecosystem understood as the agricultural system and incorporate in this analysis surrounding ecosystems that are part of these interactions, such as cropping system, homegarden, agroforestry, forestry, pastoral and silvopastoral, and internal watersheds and wetlands [28].

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Title: Gendered traditional agroecological knowledge in agri-food systems: a systematic review
Authors: Ana G. Ramirez-Santos
Federica Ravera
Marta G. Rivera-Ferre
Mar Calvet-Nogués
Publication date: 01-12-2023
Publisher: BioMed Central
Keyword: Climate Change
Published in: Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine / Issue 1/2023
Electronic ISSN: 1746-4269
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-023-00576-6

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Gendered traditional agroecological knowledge in agri-food systems: a systematic review

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