Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology 3/2017

01-09-2017 | Original Article

Clarithromycin co-administration does not increase irinotecan (CPT-11) toxicity in colorectal cancer patients

Authors: Katsuya Makihara, Sayaka Nakamura, Kazuyo Miyagi, Hiroyuki Ueno, Izumi Nakata

Published in: Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology | Issue 3/2017

Login to get access

Abstract

Purpose

Irinotecan (CPT-11) is used to treat advanced colorectal cancer. The drug is activated by carboxylesterases and rendered inactive by CYP3A4. Recently, the efficacy of combining CPT-11 and anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) agents was confirmed in patients with KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer. Clarithromycin (CAM) is a strong CYP3A inhibitor often used to prevent rash associated with anti-EGFR therapy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk of increased neutropenia and diarrhea in combining CPT-11 and CAM.

Methods

Retrospective analyses were conducted at Osaka National Hospital (Osaka, Japan) on the records of colorectal cancer patients treated with a CPT-11-containing regimen between November 2006 and January 2014. The incidence of neutropenia and diarrhea was compared between patients who received CPT-11 and CAM and patients who received CPT-11 without CAM.

Results

One-hundred and twenty-eight patients were included in this study, of whom 21 were concomitantly treated with CAM and 107 were not. There was no difference in the incidence of grade 3–4 neutropenia between the CAM co-administration group (10%) and the non-CAM group (16%) [Odds ratio: 0.56 (95% confidence interval: 0.12–2.62), p = 0.45]. No difference in the incidence of grade 3–4 diarrhea was found between the CAM co-administration group (0%) and the non-CAM group (4%) (p = 0.37).

Conclusions

This study did not identify an increase in CPT-11 toxicity by co-administration with CAM.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Meyerhardt JA, Mayer RJ (2005) Systemic therapy for colorectal cancer. N Eng J Med 352:476–487CrossRef Meyerhardt JA, Mayer RJ (2005) Systemic therapy for colorectal cancer. N Eng J Med 352:476–487CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Takimoto CH, Morrison G, Harold N, Quinn M, Monahan BP, Band RA, Cottrell J, Guemei A, Llorens V, Hehman H, Ismail AS, Flemming D, Gosky DM, Hirota H, Berger SJ, Berger NA, Chen AP, Shapiro JD, Arbuck SG, Wright J, Hamilton JM, Allegra CJ, Grem JL (2000) Phase I and pharmacologic study of irinotecan administered as a 96-hour infusion weekly to adult cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 18:659–667CrossRefPubMed Takimoto CH, Morrison G, Harold N, Quinn M, Monahan BP, Band RA, Cottrell J, Guemei A, Llorens V, Hehman H, Ismail AS, Flemming D, Gosky DM, Hirota H, Berger SJ, Berger NA, Chen AP, Shapiro JD, Arbuck SG, Wright J, Hamilton JM, Allegra CJ, Grem JL (2000) Phase I and pharmacologic study of irinotecan administered as a 96-hour infusion weekly to adult cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 18:659–667CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Iyer L, Das S, Janisch L, Wen M, Ramírez J, Karrison T, Fleming GF, Vokes EE, Schilsky RL, Ratain MJ (2002) UGT1A1*28 polymorphism as a determinant of irinotecan disposition and toxicity. Pharmacogenomics J 2:43–47CrossRefPubMed Iyer L, Das S, Janisch L, Wen M, Ramírez J, Karrison T, Fleming GF, Vokes EE, Schilsky RL, Ratain MJ (2002) UGT1A1*28 polymorphism as a determinant of irinotecan disposition and toxicity. Pharmacogenomics J 2:43–47CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Minami H, Sai K, Saeki M, Saito Y, Ozawa S, Suzuki K, Kaniwa N, Sawada J, Hamaguchi T, Yamamoto N, Shirao K, Yamada Y, Ohmatsu H, Kubota K, Yoshida T, Ohtsu A, Saijo N (2007) Irinotecan pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics and UGT1A genetic polymorphisms in Japanese: roles of UGT1A1*6 and *28. Pharmacogenet Genom 17:497–504CrossRef Minami H, Sai K, Saeki M, Saito Y, Ozawa S, Suzuki K, Kaniwa N, Sawada J, Hamaguchi T, Yamamoto N, Shirao K, Yamada Y, Ohmatsu H, Kubota K, Yoshida T, Ohtsu A, Saijo N (2007) Irinotecan pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics and UGT1A genetic polymorphisms in Japanese: roles of UGT1A1*6 and *28. Pharmacogenet Genom 17:497–504CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Kehrer DF, Mathijssen RH, Verweij J, de Bruijn P, Sparreboom A (2002) Modulation of irinotecan metabolism by ketoconazole. J Clin Oncol 20:3122–3129CrossRefPubMed Kehrer DF, Mathijssen RH, Verweij J, de Bruijn P, Sparreboom A (2002) Modulation of irinotecan metabolism by ketoconazole. J Clin Oncol 20:3122–3129CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Mathijssen RH, de Jong FA, van Schaik RH, Lepper ER, Friberg LE, Rietveld T, de Bruijn P, Graveland WJ, Figg WD, Verweij J, Sparreboom A (2004) Prediction of irinotecan pharmacokinetics by use of cytochrome P450 3A4 phenotyping probes. J Natl Cancer Inst 96:1585–1592CrossRefPubMed Mathijssen RH, de Jong FA, van Schaik RH, Lepper ER, Friberg LE, Rietveld T, de Bruijn P, Graveland WJ, Figg WD, Verweij J, Sparreboom A (2004) Prediction of irinotecan pharmacokinetics by use of cytochrome P450 3A4 phenotyping probes. J Natl Cancer Inst 96:1585–1592CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Van Cutsem E, Köhne CH, Láng I, Folprecht G, Nowacki MP, Cascinu S, Shchepotin I, Maurel J, Cunningham D, Tejpar S, Schlichting M, Zubel A, Celik I, Rougier P, Ciardiello F (2011) Cetuximab plus irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: updated analysis of overall survival according to tumor KRAS and BRAF mutation status. J Clin Oncol 29:2011–2019CrossRefPubMed Van Cutsem E, Köhne CH, Láng I, Folprecht G, Nowacki MP, Cascinu S, Shchepotin I, Maurel J, Cunningham D, Tejpar S, Schlichting M, Zubel A, Celik I, Rougier P, Ciardiello F (2011) Cetuximab plus irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: updated analysis of overall survival according to tumor KRAS and BRAF mutation status. J Clin Oncol 29:2011–2019CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Sobrero AF, Maurel J, Fehrenbacher L, Scheithauer W, Abubakr YA, Lutz MP, Vega-Villegas ME, Eng C, Steinhauer EU, Prausova J, Lenz HJ, Borg C, Middleton G, Kröning H, Luppi G, Kisker O, Zubel A, Langer C, Kopit J, Burris HA 3rd (2008) EPIC: phase III trial of cetuximab plus irinotecan after fluoropyrimidine and oxaliplatin failure in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 26:2311–2319CrossRefPubMed Sobrero AF, Maurel J, Fehrenbacher L, Scheithauer W, Abubakr YA, Lutz MP, Vega-Villegas ME, Eng C, Steinhauer EU, Prausova J, Lenz HJ, Borg C, Middleton G, Kröning H, Luppi G, Kisker O, Zubel A, Langer C, Kopit J, Burris HA 3rd (2008) EPIC: phase III trial of cetuximab plus irinotecan after fluoropyrimidine and oxaliplatin failure in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 26:2311–2319CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Peeters M, Price TJ, Cervantes A, Sobrero AF, Ducreux M, Hotko Y, André T, Chan E, Lordick F, Punt CJ, Strickland AH, Wilson G, Ciuleanu TE, Roman L, Van Cutsem E, Tian Y, Sidhu R (2014) Final results from a randomized phase 3 study of FOLFIRI ± panitumumab for second-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 25:107–116CrossRef Peeters M, Price TJ, Cervantes A, Sobrero AF, Ducreux M, Hotko Y, André T, Chan E, Lordick F, Punt CJ, Strickland AH, Wilson G, Ciuleanu TE, Roman L, Van Cutsem E, Tian Y, Sidhu R (2014) Final results from a randomized phase 3 study of FOLFIRI ± panitumumab for second-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 25:107–116CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Hynes NE, Lane HA (2005) ERBB receptors and cancer: the complexity of targeted inhibitors. Nat Rev Cancer 5:341–354CrossRefPubMed Hynes NE, Lane HA (2005) ERBB receptors and cancer: the complexity of targeted inhibitors. Nat Rev Cancer 5:341–354CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Segaert S, Tabernero J, Chosidow O, Dirschka T, Elsner J, Mancini L, Maughan T, Morere JF, Santoro A, Sobrero A, Van Cutsem E, Layton A (2005) The management of skin reactions in cancer patients receiving epidermal growth factor receptor targeted therapies. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 3:599–606CrossRefPubMed Segaert S, Tabernero J, Chosidow O, Dirschka T, Elsner J, Mancini L, Maughan T, Morere JF, Santoro A, Sobrero A, Van Cutsem E, Layton A (2005) The management of skin reactions in cancer patients receiving epidermal growth factor receptor targeted therapies. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 3:599–606CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Scope A, Agero AL, Dusza SW, Myskowski PL, Lieb JA, Saltz L, Kemeny NE, Halpern AC (2007) Randomized double-blind trial of prophylactic oral minocycline and topical tazarotene for cetuximab-associated acne-like eruption. J Clin Oncol 25:5390–5396CrossRefPubMed Scope A, Agero AL, Dusza SW, Myskowski PL, Lieb JA, Saltz L, Kemeny NE, Halpern AC (2007) Randomized double-blind trial of prophylactic oral minocycline and topical tazarotene for cetuximab-associated acne-like eruption. J Clin Oncol 25:5390–5396CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Utari A, Chonchaiya W, Rivera SM, Schneider A, Hagerman RJ, Faradz SM, Ethell IM, Nguyen DV (2010) Side effects of minocycline treatment in patients with fragile X syndrome and exploration of outcome measures. Am J Intellect Dev Disabil 115:433–443CrossRefPubMedCentral Utari A, Chonchaiya W, Rivera SM, Schneider A, Hagerman RJ, Faradz SM, Ethell IM, Nguyen DV (2010) Side effects of minocycline treatment in patients with fragile X syndrome and exploration of outcome measures. Am J Intellect Dev Disabil 115:433–443CrossRefPubMedCentral
15.
go back to reference Hoefnagel JJ, van Leeuwen RL, Mattie H, Bastiaens MT (1997) Side effects of minocycline in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 141:1424–1427 Hoefnagel JJ, van Leeuwen RL, Mattie H, Bastiaens MT (1997) Side effects of minocycline in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 141:1424–1427
16.
go back to reference Ramakrishna J, Johnson AR, Banner BF (2009) Long-term minocycline use for acne in healthy adolescents can cause severe autoimmune hepatitis. J Clin Gastroenterol 43:787–790CrossRefPubMed Ramakrishna J, Johnson AR, Banner BF (2009) Long-term minocycline use for acne in healthy adolescents can cause severe autoimmune hepatitis. J Clin Gastroenterol 43:787–790CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Bhat G, Jordan J Jr, Sokalski S, Bajaj V, Marshall R, Berkelhammer C (1998) Minocycline-induced hepatitis with autoimmune features and neutropenia. J Clin Gastroenterol 27:74–75CrossRefPubMed Bhat G, Jordan J Jr, Sokalski S, Bajaj V, Marshall R, Berkelhammer C (1998) Minocycline-induced hepatitis with autoimmune features and neutropenia. J Clin Gastroenterol 27:74–75CrossRefPubMed
18.
go back to reference Abe M, Furukawa S, Takayama S, Michitaka K, Minami H, Yamamoto K, Horiike N, Onji M (2003) Drug-induced hepatitis with autoimmune features during minocycline therapy. Intern Med 42:48–52CrossRefPubMed Abe M, Furukawa S, Takayama S, Michitaka K, Minami H, Yamamoto K, Horiike N, Onji M (2003) Drug-induced hepatitis with autoimmune features during minocycline therapy. Intern Med 42:48–52CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Wulaningsih W, Wardhana A, Watkins J, Yoshuantari N, Repana D, Van Hemelrijck M (2016) Irinotecan chemotherapy combined with fluoropyrimidines versus irinotecan alone for overall survival and progression-free survival in patients with advanced and/or metastatic colorectal cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. doi:10.1002/14651858 PubMed Wulaningsih W, Wardhana A, Watkins J, Yoshuantari N, Repana D, Van Hemelrijck M (2016) Irinotecan chemotherapy combined with fluoropyrimidines versus irinotecan alone for overall survival and progression-free survival in patients with advanced and/or metastatic colorectal cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. doi:10.​1002/​14651858 PubMed
20.
go back to reference Tanaka H, Saito K, Mino K, Izumi K, Harada M, Isobe H (2009) Assessment of total bilirubin or SN-38/SN-38G ratio as a predictor of severe irinotecan toxicity. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 36:1505–1509PubMed Tanaka H, Saito K, Mino K, Izumi K, Harada M, Isobe H (2009) Assessment of total bilirubin or SN-38/SN-38G ratio as a predictor of severe irinotecan toxicity. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 36:1505–1509PubMed
21.
go back to reference Innocenti F, Undevia SD, Iyer L, Chen PX, Das S, Kocherginsky M, Karrison T, Janisch L, Ramírez J, Rudin CM, Vokes EE, Ratain MJ (2004) Genetic variants in the UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 gene predict the risk of severe neutropenia of irinotecan. J Clin Oncol 22:1382–1388CrossRefPubMed Innocenti F, Undevia SD, Iyer L, Chen PX, Das S, Kocherginsky M, Karrison T, Janisch L, Ramírez J, Rudin CM, Vokes EE, Ratain MJ (2004) Genetic variants in the UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 gene predict the risk of severe neutropenia of irinotecan. J Clin Oncol 22:1382–1388CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Freyer G, Rougier P, Bugat R, Droz JP, Marty M, Bleiberg H, Mignard D, Awad L, Herait P, Culine S, Trillet-Lenoir V (2000) Prognostic factors for tumour response, progression-free survival and toxicity in metastatic colorectal cancer patients given irinotecan (CPT-11) as second-line chemotherapy after 5FU failure. CPT-11 F205, F220, F221 and V222 study groups. Br J Cancer 83:431–437CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Freyer G, Rougier P, Bugat R, Droz JP, Marty M, Bleiberg H, Mignard D, Awad L, Herait P, Culine S, Trillet-Lenoir V (2000) Prognostic factors for tumour response, progression-free survival and toxicity in metastatic colorectal cancer patients given irinotecan (CPT-11) as second-line chemotherapy after 5FU failure. CPT-11 F205, F220, F221 and V222 study groups. Br J Cancer 83:431–437CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
23.
go back to reference Ramchandani RP, Wang Y, Booth BP, Ibrahim A, Johnson JR, Rahman A, Mehta M, Innocenti F, Ratain MJ, Gobburu JV (2007) The role of SN-38 exposure, UGT1A1*28 polymorphism, and baseline bilirubin level in predicting severe irinotecan toxicity. J Clin Pharmacol 47:78–86CrossRefPubMed Ramchandani RP, Wang Y, Booth BP, Ibrahim A, Johnson JR, Rahman A, Mehta M, Innocenti F, Ratain MJ, Gobburu JV (2007) The role of SN-38 exposure, UGT1A1*28 polymorphism, and baseline bilirubin level in predicting severe irinotecan toxicity. J Clin Pharmacol 47:78–86CrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference Meyerhardt JA, Kwok A, Ratain MJ, McGovren JP, Fuchs CS (2004) Relationship of baseline serum bilirubin to efficacy and toxicity of single-agent irinotecan in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 22:1439–1446CrossRefPubMed Meyerhardt JA, Kwok A, Ratain MJ, McGovren JP, Fuchs CS (2004) Relationship of baseline serum bilirubin to efficacy and toxicity of single-agent irinotecan in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 22:1439–1446CrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference Rouits E, Charasson V, Pétain A, Boisdron-Celle M, Delord JP, Fonck M, Laurand A, Poirier AL, Morel A, Chatelut E, Robert J, Gamelin E (2008) Pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic determinants of the activity and toxicity of irinotecan in metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Br J Cancer 99:1239–1245CrossRefPubMedCentral Rouits E, Charasson V, Pétain A, Boisdron-Celle M, Delord JP, Fonck M, Laurand A, Poirier AL, Morel A, Chatelut E, Robert J, Gamelin E (2008) Pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic determinants of the activity and toxicity of irinotecan in metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Br J Cancer 99:1239–1245CrossRefPubMedCentral
26.
go back to reference Van der Bol JM, Mathijssen RH, Creemers GJ, Planting AS, Loos WJ, Wiemer EA, Friberg LE, Verweij J, Sparreboom A, de Jong FA (2010) A CYP3A4 phenotype-based dosing algorithm for individualized treatment of irinotecan. Clin Cancer Res 16:736–742CrossRefPubMed Van der Bol JM, Mathijssen RH, Creemers GJ, Planting AS, Loos WJ, Wiemer EA, Friberg LE, Verweij J, Sparreboom A, de Jong FA (2010) A CYP3A4 phenotype-based dosing algorithm for individualized treatment of irinotecan. Clin Cancer Res 16:736–742CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Yano R, Tani D, Watanabe K, Tsukamoto H, Igarashi T, Nakamura T, Masada M (2009) Evaluation of potential interaction between vinorelbine and clarithromycin. Ann Pharmacother 43:453–458CrossRefPubMed Yano R, Tani D, Watanabe K, Tsukamoto H, Igarashi T, Nakamura T, Masada M (2009) Evaluation of potential interaction between vinorelbine and clarithromycin. Ann Pharmacother 43:453–458CrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Yong WP, Ramirez J, Innocenti F, Ratain MJ (2005) Effects of ketoconazole on glucuronidation by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes. Clin Cancer Res 11:6699–6704CrossRefPubMed Yong WP, Ramirez J, Innocenti F, Ratain MJ (2005) Effects of ketoconazole on glucuronidation by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes. Clin Cancer Res 11:6699–6704CrossRefPubMed
29.
go back to reference Tsunoda SM, Velez RL, von Moltke LL, Greenblatt DJ (1999) Differentiation of intestinal and hepatic cytochrome P450 3A activity with use of midazolam as an in vivo probe: effect of ketoconazole. Clin Pharmacol Ther 66:461–471CrossRefPubMed Tsunoda SM, Velez RL, von Moltke LL, Greenblatt DJ (1999) Differentiation of intestinal and hepatic cytochrome P450 3A activity with use of midazolam as an in vivo probe: effect of ketoconazole. Clin Pharmacol Ther 66:461–471CrossRefPubMed
30.
go back to reference Lam YW, Alfaro CL, Ereshefsky L, Miller M (2003) Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of oral midazolam with ketoconazole, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, and nefazodone. J Clin Pharmacol 43:1274–1282CrossRefPubMed Lam YW, Alfaro CL, Ereshefsky L, Miller M (2003) Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of oral midazolam with ketoconazole, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, and nefazodone. J Clin Pharmacol 43:1274–1282CrossRefPubMed
31.
go back to reference Olkkola KT, Backman JT, Neuvonen PJ (1994) Midazolam should be avoided in patients receiving the systemic antimycotics ketoconazole or itraconazole. Clin Pharmacol Ther 55:481–485CrossRefPubMed Olkkola KT, Backman JT, Neuvonen PJ (1994) Midazolam should be avoided in patients receiving the systemic antimycotics ketoconazole or itraconazole. Clin Pharmacol Ther 55:481–485CrossRefPubMed
32.
go back to reference Yeates RA, Laufen H, Zimmermann T (1996) Interaction between midazolam and clarithromycin: comparison with azithromycin. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 34:400–405PubMed Yeates RA, Laufen H, Zimmermann T (1996) Interaction between midazolam and clarithromycin: comparison with azithromycin. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 34:400–405PubMed
33.
go back to reference Gupta E, Safa AR, Wang X, Ratain MJ (1996) Pharmacokinetic modulation of irinotecan and metabolites by cyclosporin A. Cancer Res 56:1309–1314PubMed Gupta E, Safa AR, Wang X, Ratain MJ (1996) Pharmacokinetic modulation of irinotecan and metabolites by cyclosporin A. Cancer Res 56:1309–1314PubMed
34.
go back to reference Middleton G, Brown S, Lowe C, Maughan T, Gwyther S, Oliver A, Richman S, Blake D, Napp V, Marshall H, Wadsley J, Maisey N, Chau I, Hill M, Gollins S, Myint S, Slater S, Wagstaff J, Bridgewater J, Seymour M (2013) A randomised phase III trial of the pharmacokinetic biomodulation of irinotecan using oral ciclosporin in advanced colorectal cancer: results of the Panitumumab, Irinotecan & Ciclosporin in COLOrectal cancer therapy trial (PICCOLO). Eur J Cancer 49:3507–3516CrossRefPubMed Middleton G, Brown S, Lowe C, Maughan T, Gwyther S, Oliver A, Richman S, Blake D, Napp V, Marshall H, Wadsley J, Maisey N, Chau I, Hill M, Gollins S, Myint S, Slater S, Wagstaff J, Bridgewater J, Seymour M (2013) A randomised phase III trial of the pharmacokinetic biomodulation of irinotecan using oral ciclosporin in advanced colorectal cancer: results of the Panitumumab, Irinotecan & Ciclosporin in COLOrectal cancer therapy trial (PICCOLO). Eur J Cancer 49:3507–3516CrossRefPubMed
35.
go back to reference Mathijssen RH, van Alphen RJ, Verweij J, Loos WJ, Nooter K, Stoter G, Sparreboom A (2001) Clinical pharmacokinetics and metabolism of irinotecan (CPT-11). Clin Cancer Res 7:2182–2194 Mathijssen RH, van Alphen RJ, Verweij J, Loos WJ, Nooter K, Stoter G, Sparreboom A (2001) Clinical pharmacokinetics and metabolism of irinotecan (CPT-11). Clin Cancer Res 7:2182–2194
Metadata
Title
Clarithromycin co-administration does not increase irinotecan (CPT-11) toxicity in colorectal cancer patients
Authors
Katsuya Makihara
Sayaka Nakamura
Kazuyo Miyagi
Hiroyuki Ueno
Izumi Nakata
Publication date
01-09-2017
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology / Issue 3/2017
Print ISSN: 0344-5704
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0843
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00280-017-3388-4

Other articles of this Issue 3/2017

Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology 3/2017 Go to the issue
Webinar | 19-02-2024 | 17:30 (CET)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on antibody–drug conjugates in cancer

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are novel agents that have shown promise across multiple tumor types. Explore the current landscape of ADCs in breast and lung cancer with our experts, and gain insights into the mechanism of action, key clinical trials data, existing challenges, and future directions.

Dr. Véronique Diéras
Prof. Fabrice Barlesi
Developed by: Springer Medicine