Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Ophthalmology
Published in: BMC Ophthalmology 1/2015

Open Access 01-12-2015 | Research article

Choroidal thickness and high myopia: a cross-sectional study and meta-analysis

Authors: Shiming Wang, Yong Wang, Xiaoming Gao, Nana Qian, Youer Zhuo

Published in: BMC Ophthalmology | Issue 1/2015

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

The purpose of this study was to examine the choroidal thickness of patients with high myopia using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) and compare them with healthy subjects.

Methods

We first conducted a cross-sectional study and then performed a meta-analysis to address this issue further. Using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT), the macular choroidal thickness of high myopic eyes and normal control eyes were measured and compared at each location. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to assess the association between choroidal thickness and clinical factors such as axial length (AL), spherical equivalent (SE), and central corneal thickness. In the high myopic eyes, subgroup analysis of macular choroidal thickness was performed in eyes with or without lacquer cracks and choroidal neovascularization (CNV). The meta-analyses were conducted using the Stata software package.

Results

The high myopic eyes had a thinner choroid than the control eyes at all macular locations (all P < 0.001). Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that the subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) was not significantly thinner in association with the diagnosis. Subgroup analysis showed that the high myopia with CNV and with lacquer cracks had a significantly thinner choroid than without CNV or lacquer crack eyes. The result of our cross-sectional study is consistent with the results of the further meta-analysis with the pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) of −116.30 μm (95 % CI: −145.68, −86.92) for SFCT.

Conclusions

The present study, along with the comprehensive meta-analysis, indicated that in the Chinese population, the choroidal thickness in high myopic eyes was thinner than that of normal control eyes, even across different subgroups. This might be secondary to the longer AL but it is not an independent factor. The presence of CNV and of lacquer cracks is associated strongly with eyes with thinner macular choroids.
Literature
1.
Klaver CC, Wolfs RC, Vingerling JR, Hofman A, de Jong PT: Age-specific prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment in an older population: the Rotterdam Study. Arch Ophthalmol 1998, 116:653-658.
2.
Vongphanit J, Mitchell P, Wang JJ. Prevalence and progression of myopic retinopathy in an older population. Ophthalmology. 2002;109:704–11.CrossRefPubMed
3.
Lim MC, Hoh ST, Foster PJ, Lim TH, Chew SJ, Seah SK, et al. Use of optical coherence tomography to assess variations in macular retinal thickness in myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005;46:974–8.CrossRefPubMed
4.
Curtin BJ, Karlin DB. Axial length measurements and fundus changes of the myopic eye. Am J Ophthalmol. 1971;71:42–53.CrossRefPubMed
5.
Takano M, Kishi S. Foveal retinoschisis and retinal detachment in severely myopic eyes with posterior staphyloma. Am J Ophthalmol. 1999;128:472–6.CrossRefPubMed
6.
Yoshida T, Ohno-Matsui K, Yasuzumi K, Kojima A, Shimada N, Futagami S, et al. Myopic choroidal neovascularization: a 10-year follow-up. Ophthalmology. 2003;110:1297–305.CrossRefPubMed
7.
Saw SM, Gazzard G, Shih-Yen EC, Chua WH. Myopia and associated pathological complications. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2005;25:381–91.CrossRefPubMed
8.
Ikuno Y, Tano Y. Retinal and choroidal biometry in highly myopic eyes with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009;50:3876–80.CrossRefPubMed
9.
Hamzah F, Shinojima A, Mori R, Yuzawa M. Choroidal thickness measurement by enhanced depth imaging and swept-source optical coherence tomography in central serous chorioretinopathy. BMC Ophthalmol. 2014;14:145.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
10.
Zhou M, Wang W, Ding X, Huang W, Chen S, Laties AM, et al. Choroidal thickness in fellow eyes of patients with acute primary angle-closure measured by enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;54:1971–8.CrossRefPubMed
11.
12.
Zhou M, Wang W, Huang W, Gao X, Li Z, Li X, et al. Is increased choroidal thickness association with primary angle closure? Acta Ophthalmol. 2014;92:e514–20.CrossRefPubMed
13.
Hirooka K, Tenkumo K, Fujiwara A, Baba T, Sato S, Shiraga F. Evaluation of peripapillary choroidal thickness in patients with normal-tension glaucoma. BMC Ophthalmol. 2012;12:29.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
14.
Gupta P, Saw S, Cheung CY, Girard MJ, Mari JM, Bhargava M, Tan C, Tan M, Yang A, Tey F, et al.: Choroidal thickness and high myopia: a case–control study of young Chinese men in Singapore. Acta Ophthalmol 2014. doi: 10.1111/aos.12631
15.
Chen W, Song H, Xie S, Han Q, Tang X, Chu Y: Correlation of macular choroidal thickness with concentrations of aqueous vascular endothelial growth factor in high myopia. Curr Eye Res 2015, 40:307-313.
16.
Flores-Moreno I, Lugo F, Duker JS, Ruiz-Moreno JM. The relationship between axial length and choroidal thickness in eyes with high myopia. Am J Ophthalmol. 2013;155:314–9.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Ohsugi H, Ikuno Y, Oshima K, Tabuchi H. 3-D choroidal thickness maps from EDI-OCT in highly myopic eyes. Optom Vis Sci. 2013;90:599–606.CrossRefPubMed
18.
Hirata M, Tsujikawa A, Matsumoto A, Hangai M, Ooto S, Yamashiro K, et al. Macular choroidal thickness and volume in normal subjects measured by swept-source optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52:4971–8.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Maul EA, Friedman DS, Chang DS, Boland MV, Ramulu PY, Jampel HD, et al. Choroidal thickness measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography: factors affecting thickness in glaucoma patients. Ophthalmology. 2011;118:1571–9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
20.
Gupta P, Cheung CY, Saw SM, Bhargava M, Tan CS, Tan M, et al. Peripapillary choroidal thickness in young asians with high myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015;56:1475–81.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Tan CS, Ouyang Y, Ruiz H, Sadda SR. Diurnal variation of choroidal thickness in normal, healthy subjects measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53:261–6.CrossRefPubMed
22.
Li D, Zhou M, Peng X, Sun H. Homocysteine, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism, and risk of retinal vein occlusion: an updated meta-analysis. BMC Ophthalmol. 2014;14:147.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
23.
Zhou M, Wang W, Huang W, Zhang X. Trabeculectomy with versus without releasable sutures for glaucoma: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Ophthalmol. 2014;14:41.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
24.
25.
Begg CB, Mazumdar M. Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias. Biometrics. 1994;50:1088–101.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Chen L, Chen Z, Li Z. Subfoveal choroidal thickness measured by Cirrus HD optical coherence tomography in myopia. Int J ophthalmol. 2014;14:1641–3.
27.
Qi H, Chen C, Weng M, Yi Z, Xu F. Change of choridal thickness and its influence factors in adult high myopic patients. Chin J Exp Ophthalmol. 2014;32:439–42.
28.
Mo Y, Xiao X, He Y, Liu X, Xie L. Correlation between the thickness of different sites of retina and choroid in maculat area with central perimetry of high myopia. Chin J Pract Ophthalmol. 2013;31:128–30.
29.
Wu PC, Chen YJ, Chen CH, Chen YH, Shin SJ, Yang HJ, Kuo HK: Assessment of macular retinal thickness and volume in normal eyes and highly myopic eyes with third-generation optical coherence tomography. Eye (Lond) 2008, 22:551-555.
30.
Lam DS, Leung KS, Mohamed S, Chan WM, Palanivelu MS, Cheung CY, et al. Regional variations in the relationship between macular thickness measurements and myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007;48:376–82.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Ikuno Y, Sayanagi K, Soga K, Sawa M, Gomi F, Tsujikawa M, et al. Lacquer crack formation and choroidal neovascularization in pathologic myopia. Retina. 2008;28:1124–31.CrossRefPubMed
32.
Axer-Siegel R, Cotlear D, Priel E, Rosenblatt I, Snir M, Weinberger D. Indocyanine green angiography in high myopia. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging. 2004;35:139–45.PubMed
33.
Wang NK, Lai CC, Chou CL, Chen YP, Chuang LH, Chao AN, et al. Choroidal thickness and biometric markers for the screening of lacquer cracks in patients with high myopia. PLoS One. 2013;8, e53660.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
34.
El ML, Bouladi M, Chebil A, Kort F, Largueche L, Mghaieth F. [Macular choroidal thickness assessment with SD-OCT in high myopia with or without choroidal neovascularization]. J Fr Ophtalmol. 2013;36:687–92.CrossRef
35.
Read SA, Collins MJ, Vincent SJ, Alonso-Caneiro D. Choroidal thickness in myopic and nonmyopic children assessed with enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;54:7578–86.CrossRefPubMed
36.
Wang NK, Lai CC, Chu HY, Chen YP, Chen KJ, Wu WC, et al. Classification of early dry-type myopic maculopathy with macular choroidal thickness. Am J Ophthalmol. 2012;153:669–77.CrossRefPubMed
37.
Yamashita T, Yamashita T, Shirasawa M, Arimura N, Terasaki H, Sakamoto T. Repeatability and reproducibility of subfoveal choroidal thickness in normal eyes of Japanese using different SD-OCT devices. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53:1102–7.CrossRefPubMed
38.
Branchini L, Regatieri CV, Flores-Moreno I, Baumann B, Fujimoto JG, Duker JS. Reproducibility of choroidal thickness measurements across three spectral domain optical coherence tomography systems. Ophthalmology. 2012;119:119–23.CrossRefPubMed
39.
Shao L, Xu L, Chen CX, Yang LH, Du KF, Wang S, et al. Reproducibility of subfoveal choroidal thickness measurements with enhanced depth imaging by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;54:230–3.CrossRefPubMed
40.
Rahman W, Chen FK, Yeoh J, Patel P, Tufail A, Da CL. Repeatability of manual subfoveal choroidal thickness measurements in healthy subjects using the technique of enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52:2267–71.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Choroidal thickness and high myopia: a cross-sectional study and meta-analysis
Authors
Shiming Wang
Yong Wang
Xiaoming Gao
Nana Qian
Youer Zhuo
Publication date
01-12-2015
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Ophthalmology / Issue 1/2015
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2415
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-015-0059-2

Other articles of this Issue 1/2015

BMC Ophthalmology 1/2015 Go to the issue

Technical advance

Outcome measure for the treatment of cone photoreceptor diseases: orientation to a scene with cone-only contrast

Research article

One year results of intravitreal ranibizumab monotherapy for retinal angiomatous proliferation: a comparative analysis based on disease stages

Case report

Case series and techniques of Descemet’s Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty for severe bullous keratopathy after birth injury

Research article

Femtosecond laser-assisted anterior lamellar keratoplasty for the treatment of stromal corneal pathology

Research article

Changes in the choroidal thickness in reproductive-aged women with iron-deficiency anemia

Research article

Expert opinion in the management of aqueous Deficient Dry Eye Disease (DED)