Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Family Violence 1/2016

01-01-2016 | Original Article

Children, Family Violence and Group Work: Some Do’s and Don’ts in Running Therapeutic Groups with Children Affected by Family Violence

Authors: Wendy Bunston, Tara Pavlidis, Peta Cartwright

Published in: Journal of Family Violence | Issue 1/2016

Login to get access

Abstract

Therapeutic work with children who have experienced family violence must attend to the child’s relational world, to understand what they have experienced, how they have understood such experiences and to offer opportunities for potential relational repair. This article will focus on the relational intensity and reparative opportunities generated within good therapeutic group work and some important practice principles that we have found guide this. It will also explore how the dynamics within such groups may replicate the relational patterns that operate within families were there is violence. It is how we as facilitators hold the relational fabric of the group that may then provide opportunities for such dynamics to be ameliorated.
Literature
go back to reference Ainsworth, M. S., & Bowlby, J. (1991). An ethological approach to personality development. American Psychologist, 46(4), 333.CrossRef Ainsworth, M. S., & Bowlby, J. (1991). An ethological approach to personality development. American Psychologist, 46(4), 333.CrossRef
go back to reference Ainsworth, M. D. S., & Eichberg, C. (1991). Effects on infant-mother attachment of mother’s unresolved loss of an attachment figure, or other traumatic experience. In C. M. Parkes, J. Stevenson-Hinde, & P. Marris (Eds.), Attachment Across The Life Cycle (Vol. 3, pp. 160–183). London: Routledge. Ainsworth, M. D. S., & Eichberg, C. (1991). Effects on infant-mother attachment of mother’s unresolved loss of an attachment figure, or other traumatic experience. In C. M. Parkes, J. Stevenson-Hinde, & P. Marris (Eds.), Attachment Across The Life Cycle (Vol. 3, pp. 160–183). London: Routledge.
go back to reference Audette, N., & Bunston, W. (2006). The Therapeutic Use of Games in Groupwork. Victoria: Royal Children’s Hospital Mental Health Service. Audette, N., & Bunston, W. (2006). The Therapeutic Use of Games in Groupwork. Victoria: Royal Children’s Hospital Mental Health Service.
go back to reference Bateson, G. (1972). Steps to an Ecology of Mind: Collected essays in anthropology, psychiatry, evolution, and epistemology. USA: University of Chicago Press. Bateson, G. (1972). Steps to an Ecology of Mind: Collected essays in anthropology, psychiatry, evolution, and epistemology. USA: University of Chicago Press.
go back to reference Bosquet Enlow, M., Egeland, B., Blood, E. A., Wright, R. O., & Wright, R. J. (2012). Interpersonal trauma exposure and cognitive development in children to age 8 years: a longitudinal study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 66(11), 1005–1010. doi:10.1136/jech-2011-200727.CrossRef Bosquet Enlow, M., Egeland, B., Blood, E. A., Wright, R. O., & Wright, R. J. (2012). Interpersonal trauma exposure and cognitive development in children to age 8 years: a longitudinal study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 66(11), 1005–1010. doi:10.​1136/​jech-2011-200727.CrossRef
go back to reference Bowlby, J. (1988). A Secure Base: Clinical applications of attachment theory. London: Routledge. Bowlby, J. (1988). A Secure Base: Clinical applications of attachment theory. London: Routledge.
go back to reference Breckenridge, D., & Hamer, D. (2014). Traversing the maze of ‘evidence’ and ‘best practice’ in domestic and family violence service provision in Australia. Australian Domestic & Family Violence Clearinghouse Issues Paper, 26, 1–15. Breckenridge, D., & Hamer, D. (2014). Traversing the maze of ‘evidence’ and ‘best practice’ in domestic and family violence service provision in Australia. Australian Domestic & Family Violence Clearinghouse Issues Paper, 26, 1–15.
go back to reference Bunston, W. (2001). parkas: Parents Accepting Responsibility Kids Are Safe. Victoria, Australia: MHSKY (go to ‘Parkas Manual’ on the dvrcv.org.au website). Bunston, W. (2001). parkas: Parents Accepting Responsibility Kids Are Safe. Victoria, Australia: MHSKY (go to ‘Parkas Manual’ on the dvrcv.​org.​au website).
go back to reference Bunston, W. (2002). One way of responding to family violence- ‘putting on a PARKAS’. Children Australia, 27(4), 24–27. Bunston, W. (2002). One way of responding to family violence- ‘putting on a PARKAS’. Children Australia, 27(4), 24–27.
go back to reference Bunston, W. (2008). Baby lead the way: mental health groupwork for infants, children and mothers affected by family violence. Journal of Family Studies, 14(2–1), 334–341.CrossRef Bunston, W. (2008). Baby lead the way: mental health groupwork for infants, children and mothers affected by family violence. Journal of Family Studies, 14(2–1), 334–341.CrossRef
go back to reference Bunston, W. (2011). Mind the baby: how the ‘homeless infant’ is kept in mind. Parity, 24(2), 34. Bunston, W. (2011). Mind the baby: how the ‘homeless infant’ is kept in mind. Parity, 24(2), 34.
go back to reference Bunston, W. (2013). The group who holds the group: Supervision as a critical component in a group with infants affected by family violence. In L. M. Grobman & J. Clements (Eds.), Riding the Mutual Aid Bus and Other Adventures in Group Work (pp. 179–184). Pennsylvania: White Hat Communications. Bunston, W. (2013). The group who holds the group: Supervision as a critical component in a group with infants affected by family violence. In L. M. Grobman & J. Clements (Eds.), Riding the Mutual Aid Bus and Other Adventures in Group Work (pp. 179–184). Pennsylvania: White Hat Communications.
go back to reference Bunston, W., & Dileo, J. (2006). Last but never least: Evaluation. In W. Bunston & A. Heynatz (Eds.), Addressing Family Violence Programs – Group Work interventions for Infants, Children and their Families. Australia: The Royal Children’s Hospital Mental Health Service. Bunston, W., & Dileo, J. (2006). Last but never least: Evaluation. In W. Bunston & A. Heynatz (Eds.), Addressing Family Violence Programs – Group Work interventions for Infants, Children and their Families. Australia: The Royal Children’s Hospital Mental Health Service.
go back to reference Bunston, W., & Heynatz, A. (2006). Addressing Family Violence Programs: Groupwork interventions for infants, children and their parents. Australia: Royal Children’s Hospital Mental Health Service. Bunston, W., & Heynatz, A. (2006). Addressing Family Violence Programs: Groupwork interventions for infants, children and their parents. Australia: Royal Children’s Hospital Mental Health Service.
go back to reference Bunston, W., & Millard, P. (2006). Understanding the life of a group: an extended developmental perspective. In W. Bunston & A. Heynatz (Eds.), Addressing Family Violence Programs: Group Work interventions for Infants, Children and Their Parents (pp. 138–153). Victoria: Royal Children’s Hospital Mental Health Service. Bunston, W., & Millard, P. (2006). Understanding the life of a group: an extended developmental perspective. In W. Bunston & A. Heynatz (Eds.), Addressing Family Violence Programs: Group Work interventions for Infants, Children and Their Parents (pp. 138–153). Victoria: Royal Children’s Hospital Mental Health Service.
go back to reference Bunston, W., Crean, H., & Thomson-Salo, F. (1999). PARKAS (Parents Accepting Responsibility Kids Are Safe). Melbourne: VicGovernment–PADV. Bunston, W., Crean, H., & Thomson-Salo, F. (1999). PARKAS (Parents Accepting Responsibility Kids Are Safe). Melbourne: VicGovernment–PADV.
go back to reference Byng‐Hall, J. (2008). The crucial roles of attachment in family therapy. Journal of Family Therapy, 30(2), 129–146.CrossRef Byng‐Hall, J. (2008). The crucial roles of attachment in family therapy. Journal of Family Therapy, 30(2), 129–146.CrossRef
go back to reference Cohen, N. J. (2006). Watch, wait, and wonder: an infant-led approach to infant-parent psychotherapy. The Signal: Newsletter of the World Association for Infant Mental Health, 14(2). Cohen, N. J. (2006). Watch, wait, and wonder: an infant-led approach to infant-parent psychotherapy. The Signal: Newsletter of the World Association for Infant Mental Health, 14(2).
go back to reference Cohen, N. J., Muir, E., Lojkasek, M., Muir, R., Parker, C. J., Barwick, M., & Brown, M. (1999). Watch, wait, and wonder: testing the effectiveness of a new approach to mother-infant psychotherapy. Infant Mental Health Journal, 20(4), 429–451.CrossRef Cohen, N. J., Muir, E., Lojkasek, M., Muir, R., Parker, C. J., Barwick, M., & Brown, M. (1999). Watch, wait, and wonder: testing the effectiveness of a new approach to mother-infant psychotherapy. Infant Mental Health Journal, 20(4), 429–451.CrossRef
go back to reference Crowell, J. A., & Treboux, D. (2006). A review of adult attachment measures: implications for theory and research. Social Development, 4(3), 294–327.CrossRef Crowell, J. A., & Treboux, D. (2006). A review of adult attachment measures: implications for theory and research. Social Development, 4(3), 294–327.CrossRef
go back to reference Daro, D., Edleson, J. L., & Pinderhughes, H. (2004). Finding common ground in the study of child maltreatment, youth violence, and adult domestic violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 19(3), 282–298. doi:10.1177/0886260503261151.PubMedCrossRef Daro, D., Edleson, J. L., & Pinderhughes, H. (2004). Finding common ground in the study of child maltreatment, youth violence, and adult domestic violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 19(3), 282–298. doi:10.​1177/​0886260503261151​.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Fonagy, P. (2010). Attachment theory and psychoanalysis. New York: Other Press, LLC. Fonagy, P. (2010). Attachment theory and psychoanalysis. New York: Other Press, LLC.
go back to reference Garcia-Moreno, C., Jansen, H. A., Ellsberg, M., Heise, L., & Watts, C. H. (2006). Prevalence of intimate partner violence: findings from the WHO multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence. The Lancet, 368(9543), 1260–1269.CrossRef Garcia-Moreno, C., Jansen, H. A., Ellsberg, M., Heise, L., & Watts, C. H. (2006). Prevalence of intimate partner violence: findings from the WHO multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence. The Lancet, 368(9543), 1260–1269.CrossRef
go back to reference Graham-Bermann, S. A., Lynch, S., Banyard, V., DeVoe, E. R., & Halabu, H. (2007). Community-based intervention for children exposed to intimate partner violence: an efficacy trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75(2), 199–209.PubMedCrossRef Graham-Bermann, S. A., Lynch, S., Banyard, V., DeVoe, E. R., & Halabu, H. (2007). Community-based intervention for children exposed to intimate partner violence: an efficacy trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75(2), 199–209.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Groves, B. M. (2002). Children Who See Too Much: Lessons from the child witness to violence project. Boston: Beacon. Groves, B. M. (2002). Children Who See Too Much: Lessons from the child witness to violence project. Boston: Beacon.
go back to reference Holt, S., Buckley, H., & Whelan, S. (2008). The impact of exposure to domestic violence on children and young people: a review of the literature. Child Abuse & Neglect, 32(8), 797–810.CrossRef Holt, S., Buckley, H., & Whelan, S. (2008). The impact of exposure to domestic violence on children and young people: a review of the literature. Child Abuse & Neglect, 32(8), 797–810.CrossRef
go back to reference Hunter, S. (2001). Working with domestic violence: ethical dilemmas in five theoretical approaches. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 22(2), 80–89.CrossRef Hunter, S. (2001). Working with domestic violence: ethical dilemmas in five theoretical approaches. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 22(2), 80–89.CrossRef
go back to reference Jaffe, P. G., Sudermann, M., Reitzel, D., & Killip, S. M. (1992). An evaluation of a secondary school primary prevention program on violence in intimate relationships. Violence and Victims, 7(2), 129–146.PubMed Jaffe, P. G., Sudermann, M., Reitzel, D., & Killip, S. M. (1992). An evaluation of a secondary school primary prevention program on violence in intimate relationships. Violence and Victims, 7(2), 129–146.PubMed
go back to reference Jones, S., & Bunston, W. (2012). The “original couple”: enabling mothers and infants to think about what destroys as well as engenders love, when there has been intimate partner violence. Couple and Family Psychoanalysis, 2(2), 215–232. Jones, S., & Bunston, W. (2012). The “original couple”: enabling mothers and infants to think about what destroys as well as engenders love, when there has been intimate partner violence. Couple and Family Psychoanalysis, 2(2), 215–232.
go back to reference Lai, S. (2011). A place where I belong. Parity, 24(2), 48. Lai, S. (2011). A place where I belong. Parity, 24(2), 48.
go back to reference Lehrner, A., & Allen, N. E. (2009). Still a movement after all these years?: current tensions in the domestic violence movement. Violence Against Women, 15(6), 656–677.PubMedCrossRef Lehrner, A., & Allen, N. E. (2009). Still a movement after all these years?: current tensions in the domestic violence movement. Violence Against Women, 15(6), 656–677.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Levendosky, A. A., Bogat, G. A., & Martinez-Torteya, C. (2013). PTSD symptoms in young children exposed to intimate partner violence. Violence Against Women, 19(2), 187–201.PubMedCrossRef Levendosky, A. A., Bogat, G. A., & Martinez-Torteya, C. (2013). PTSD symptoms in young children exposed to intimate partner violence. Violence Against Women, 19(2), 187–201.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Lieberman, A. F., & Van Horn, P. (2004). Don’t Hit My Mommy: A Manual For Child–parent Psychotherapy With Young Witnesses Of Family Violence. Washington, DC: ZERO TO THREE PRESS. Lieberman, A. F., & Van Horn, P. (2004). Don’t Hit My Mommy: A Manual For Child–parent Psychotherapy With Young Witnesses Of Family Violence. Washington, DC: ZERO TO THREE PRESS.
go back to reference Lieberman, A. F., & Van Horn, P. (2008). Psychotherapy With Infants And Young Children: Repairing the effects of stress and trauma on early attachment. New York: Guilford Press. Lieberman, A. F., & Van Horn, P. (2008). Psychotherapy With Infants And Young Children: Repairing the effects of stress and trauma on early attachment. New York: Guilford Press.
go back to reference Main, M. (1991). Metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive monitoring, and singular (coherent) vs. multiple (incoherent) model of attachment. In C. M. Parkes, J. Stevenson-Hinde, & P. Marris (Eds.), Attachment Across The Life Cycle (pp. 127–159). London: Routledge. Main, M. (1991). Metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive monitoring, and singular (coherent) vs. multiple (incoherent) model of attachment. In C. M. Parkes, J. Stevenson-Hinde, & P. Marris (Eds.), Attachment Across The Life Cycle (pp. 127–159). London: Routledge.
go back to reference Manning, K., & Little, J. (2011). Making the most of every encounter. Parity, 24(4), 42–43. Manning, K., & Little, J. (2011). Making the most of every encounter. Parity, 24(4), 42–43.
go back to reference Meares, R. (1993). The Metaphor of Play: Disruption & Restoration in the Borderline Experience. USA: Jason Aronson Inc. Meares, R. (1993). The Metaphor of Play: Disruption & Restoration in the Borderline Experience. USA: Jason Aronson Inc.
go back to reference Millard, P., & Bunston, W. (2006). Out of the mouth of babes: Forming meaningful narraitives about experiences of family violence. In W. Bunston & A. Heynatz (Eds.), Addressing Family Violence Programs: Groupwork Interventions For Infants, Children And Their Parents (pp. 57–72). Australia: The Royal Children’s Hospital Mental Health Service. Millard, P., & Bunston, W. (2006). Out of the mouth of babes: Forming meaningful narraitives about experiences of family violence. In W. Bunston & A. Heynatz (Eds.), Addressing Family Violence Programs: Groupwork Interventions For Infants, Children And Their Parents (pp. 57–72). Australia: The Royal Children’s Hospital Mental Health Service.
go back to reference Miller, E., Decker, M. R., McCauley, H. L., Tancredi, D. J., Levenson, R. R., Waldman, J., & Silverman, J. G. (2010). Pregnancy coercion, intimate partner violence and unintended pregnancy. Contraception, 81(4), 316–322.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Miller, E., Decker, M. R., McCauley, H. L., Tancredi, D. J., Levenson, R. R., Waldman, J., & Silverman, J. G. (2010). Pregnancy coercion, intimate partner violence and unintended pregnancy. Contraception, 81(4), 316–322.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Orchard, J. (2011). Supporting the homeless infant through mother/infant work in a shelter context. Parity, 24(2), 40–41. Orchard, J. (2011). Supporting the homeless infant through mother/infant work in a shelter context. Parity, 24(2), 40–41.
go back to reference Osofsky, J. D. (2004). Young children and trauma: Intervention and treatment. In J. D. Osofsky (Ed.), Young Children and Trauma. New York: Guilford Press. Osofsky, J. D. (2004). Young children and trauma: Intervention and treatment. In J. D. Osofsky (Ed.), Young Children and Trauma. New York: Guilford Press.
go back to reference Paul, C., & Thomson Salo, F. (2007). Babies in groups: The creative role of babies, the mothers and the therapists. In M. Pozzi-Munzo & B. Tydeman (Eds.), Innovations in Parent-Infant Psychotherapy (pp. 134–153). London: Karnac. Paul, C., & Thomson Salo, F. (2007). Babies in groups: The creative role of babies, the mothers and the therapists. In M. Pozzi-Munzo & B. Tydeman (Eds.), Innovations in Parent-Infant Psychotherapy (pp. 134–153). London: Karnac.
go back to reference Pavlidis, T. (2006). just for kids (jfk). In W. Bunston & A. Heynatz (Eds.), Addressing Family Violence Programs: Groupwork Interventions for Infants, Children and their Parents (pp. 40–44). Australia: Royal Children’s Hospital Mental Health Service. Pavlidis, T. (2006). just for kids (jfk). In W. Bunston & A. Heynatz (Eds.), Addressing Family Violence Programs: Groupwork Interventions for Infants, Children and their Parents (pp. 40–44). Australia: Royal Children’s Hospital Mental Health Service.
go back to reference Peled, E., & Edleson, J. L. (1992). Multiple perspectives on groupwork with children of battered women. Violence and Victims, 7(4), 327–346.PubMed Peled, E., & Edleson, J. L. (1992). Multiple perspectives on groupwork with children of battered women. Violence and Victims, 7(4), 327–346.PubMed
go back to reference Perry, B. D., Pollard, R. A., Blakley, T. L., Baker, W. L., & Vigilante, D. (1995). Childhood trauma, the neurobiology of adaptation, and “use-dependent” development of the brain: How “states” become “traits”. Infant Mental Health Journal, 16(4), 277–291. Perry, B. D., Pollard, R. A., Blakley, T. L., Baker, W. L., & Vigilante, D. (1995). Childhood trauma, the neurobiology of adaptation, and “use-dependent” development of the brain: How “states” become “traits”. Infant Mental Health Journal, 16(4), 277–291.
go back to reference Rennison, C., & Planty, M. (2003). Nonlethal intimate partner violence: examining race, gender, and income patterns. Violence and Victims, 18(4), 433–443.PubMedCrossRef Rennison, C., & Planty, M. (2003). Nonlethal intimate partner violence: examining race, gender, and income patterns. Violence and Victims, 18(4), 433–443.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Reynolds, V. (2012). An ethical stance for justice-doing in community work and therapy. Journal of Systemic Therapies, 31(4), 18–33.CrossRef Reynolds, V. (2012). An ethical stance for justice-doing in community work and therapy. Journal of Systemic Therapies, 31(4), 18–33.CrossRef
go back to reference Richards, K. (2011). Children’s Exposure to Domestic Violence in Australia (419). Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology. Richards, K. (2011). Children’s Exposure to Domestic Violence in Australia (419). Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology.
go back to reference Rifkin-Graboi, A., Borelli, J. L., & Enlow, M. B. (2009). Neurobiology of stress in infancy. In C. H. Z. Jr (Ed.), Handbook of Infant Mental Health (3rd ed., pp. 59–79). New York: The Guilford Press. Rifkin-Graboi, A., Borelli, J. L., & Enlow, M. B. (2009). Neurobiology of stress in infancy. In C. H. Z. Jr (Ed.), Handbook of Infant Mental Health (3rd ed., pp. 59–79). New York: The Guilford Press.
go back to reference Rioch, M. J. (2009). The work of Wilfred Bion on groups. In W. W. Burke, D. G. Lake, & J. W. Paine (Eds.), Organization Change: A Comprehensive Reader (1st ed., pp. 466–480). USA: Wiley. Rioch, M. J. (2009). The work of Wilfred Bion on groups. In W. W. Burke, D. G. Lake, & J. W. Paine (Eds.), Organization Change: A Comprehensive Reader (1st ed., pp. 466–480). USA: Wiley.
go back to reference Rossman, B., Rea, J., Graham-Bermann, S., & Butterfield, P. (2004). Young children exposed to adult domestic violence: Incidence, assessment and intervention. In P. G. Jaffe, L. L. Baker, & A. J. Cunningham (Eds.), Protecting Children from Domestic Violence: Strategies for Community Intervention (pp. 30–48). New York: Guilford. Rossman, B., Rea, J., Graham-Bermann, S., & Butterfield, P. (2004). Young children exposed to adult domestic violence: Incidence, assessment and intervention. In P. G. Jaffe, L. L. Baker, & A. J. Cunningham (Eds.), Protecting Children from Domestic Violence: Strategies for Community Intervention (pp. 30–48). New York: Guilford.
go back to reference Samuelson, K. W., Krueger, C. E., & Wilson, C. (2012). Relationships between maternal emotion regulation, parenting, and children’s executive functioning in families exposed to intimate partner violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27(17), 3532–3550. doi:10.1177/0886260512445385.PubMedCrossRef Samuelson, K. W., Krueger, C. E., & Wilson, C. (2012). Relationships between maternal emotion regulation, parenting, and children’s executive functioning in families exposed to intimate partner violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27(17), 3532–3550. doi:10.​1177/​0886260512445385​.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Schechter, D. S., & Willheim, E. (2009). The effects of violent experiences on infants and young children. In J. Charles & H. Zenah (Eds.), Handbook of Infant Mental Health (pp. 197–213). New York: The Guilford Press. Schechter, D. S., & Willheim, E. (2009). The effects of violent experiences on infants and young children. In J. Charles & H. Zenah (Eds.), Handbook of Infant Mental Health (pp. 197–213). New York: The Guilford Press.
go back to reference Schore, A. (2001). The effects of early relational trauma on the right brain development, affect regulation, and infant mental health. Infant Mental Health Journal, 22(1–2), 201–269.CrossRef Schore, A. (2001). The effects of early relational trauma on the right brain development, affect regulation, and infant mental health. Infant Mental Health Journal, 22(1–2), 201–269.CrossRef
go back to reference Slade, A. (1994). Making meaning and making believe: their role in the clinical process. In A. Slade & D. Wolf (Eds.), Children at Play: Clinical and Developmental Approaches to Meaning and Representation (pp. 81–107). New York: Oxford University Press. Slade, A. (1994). Making meaning and making believe: their role in the clinical process. In A. Slade & D. Wolf (Eds.), Children at Play: Clinical and Developmental Approaches to Meaning and Representation (pp. 81–107). New York: Oxford University Press.
go back to reference Stanley, N. (2011). Children experiencing domestic violence: A research review. Dartington: Research in Practice Dartington. Stanley, N. (2011). Children experiencing domestic violence: A research review. Dartington: Research in Practice Dartington.
go back to reference Stanley, N., Ellis, J., & Bell, J. (2011). Delivering preventive programmes in schools: Identifying gender issues. In C. Barter & D. Berridge (Eds.), Children Behaving Badly: Peer Violence Between Children and Young People (Vol. 31, pp. 217–230). UK: Wiley.CrossRef Stanley, N., Ellis, J., & Bell, J. (2011). Delivering preventive programmes in schools: Identifying gender issues. In C. Barter & D. Berridge (Eds.), Children Behaving Badly: Peer Violence Between Children and Young People (Vol. 31, pp. 217–230). UK: Wiley.CrossRef
go back to reference Stern, D. N. (2003). The Interpersonal World of the Infant: A View from Psychoanalysis and Developmental Psychology. London: Karnac Books. Stern, D. N. (2003). The Interpersonal World of the Infant: A View from Psychoanalysis and Developmental Psychology. London: Karnac Books.
go back to reference Symington, J., & Symington, N. (1996). The Clinical Thinking of Wilfred Bion. London: Routledge. Symington, J., & Symington, N. (1996). The Clinical Thinking of Wilfred Bion. London: Routledge.
go back to reference Thomson-Salo, F. (2007). Relating to the infant as subject in the context of family violence. In F. Thomson-Salo & C. Paul (Eds.), The Baby as Subject (2nd ed.). Victoria: Stonnington Press. Thomson-Salo, F. (2007). Relating to the infant as subject in the context of family violence. In F. Thomson-Salo & C. Paul (Eds.), The Baby as Subject (2nd ed.). Victoria: Stonnington Press.
go back to reference Tronick, E. Z. (2007). The Neurobehavioral and Social-Emotional Development of Infants and Children. U.S.A.: W. W. Norton & Company. Tronick, E. Z. (2007). The Neurobehavioral and Social-Emotional Development of Infants and Children. U.S.A.: W. W. Norton & Company.
go back to reference Van der Kolk, B. A. (2005). Developmental trauma disorder. Psychiatric Annals, 35(5), 401–408. Van der Kolk, B. A. (2005). Developmental trauma disorder. Psychiatric Annals, 35(5), 401–408.
go back to reference Winnicott, D. W. (1971). Playing and Reality. New York: Routledge Classics. Original work published Tavistock Publications. Winnicott, D. W. (1971). Playing and Reality. New York: Routledge Classics. Original work published Tavistock Publications.
go back to reference Zeanah, C. H., & Scheeringa, M. S. (1997). The experience and effects of violence in infancy. In J. D. Osofsky (Ed.), Children in a Violent Society (pp. 97–123). New York: Guilford. Zeanah, C. H., & Scheeringa, M. S. (1997). The experience and effects of violence in infancy. In J. D. Osofsky (Ed.), Children in a Violent Society (pp. 97–123). New York: Guilford.
Metadata
Title
Children, Family Violence and Group Work: Some Do’s and Don’ts in Running Therapeutic Groups with Children Affected by Family Violence
Authors
Wendy Bunston
Tara Pavlidis
Peta Cartwright
Publication date
01-01-2016
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Family Violence / Issue 1/2016
Print ISSN: 0885-7482
Electronic ISSN: 1573-2851
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-015-9739-1

Other articles of this Issue 1/2016

Journal of Family Violence 1/2016 Go to the issue