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BMC Psychiatry

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Open Access 01-12-2024 | Child Abuse | Research

Child abuse and pubertal timing: what is the role of child sex and identity of the perpetrator?

Authors: V. Steger, S. Stadelmann, L. White, M. Döhnert

Published in: BMC Psychiatry | Issue 1/2024

Abstract

Background

This study investigated the association between child abuse [child neglect (CN), emotional (CEA) and physical abuse (CPA)] and early puberty with special regard to sex-specific effects concerning child and parental perpetrator.

Methods

Data assessment took place within the framework of the LIFE Child Depression study, a longitudinal study on the development of depressive symptoms and disorders between child- and adulthood in Leipzig, Germany. A sample of 709 children (8–14 years) was recruited from the general population and via psychiatric hospitals. Data on pubertal status were assessed using an instrument for self-assessment of tanner stages (scales of physical pubertal development). Information on menarche was provided by parents. The Parent–Child Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS-PC) served for data on child abuse.

Results

Regarding physical puberty markers, significant correlations were found, especially with child neglect (CN) and child emotional abuse (CEA). Regression analyses, controlling for Body-Mass-Index (BMI) and Socioeconomic Status (SES), revealed that children affected by child neglect perpetrated by mother (CN_m) and child emotional abuse (CEA) parent-non-specifically enter puberty significantly earlier. Sex-specific analyses identified child neglect perpetrated by mother (CN_m) to be associated with early puberty in girls and child emotional abuse perpetrated by father (CEA_f) with early puberty in boys. Concerning the onset of menstruation, there was a significant positive correlation between early menarche and parent-specific and non-specific child neglect (CN), as well as between early menarche and child emotional abuse perpetrated by the mother (CEA_m). In regression models that controlled for Body-Mass-Index (BMI) and Socioeconomic Status (SES) no significant associations were maintained. Child physical abuse (CPA) was not associated with early puberty.

Conclusion

Results outlined child neglect (CN) and child emotional abuse (CEA) to be sex- and perpetrator-specific risk factors for early pubertal development. Knowledge of sex- and perpetrator-specific effects could help clinicians to specify their diagnostic process and to define differential prevention and treatment goals for children with experiences of CN and CEA. Further research on the sex-specific impact of parental CN and CEA on girls’ and boys’ puberty is needed.

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Data of sex are referring to biological sex of participants.

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Title: Child abuse and pubertal timing: what is the role of child sex and identity of the perpetrator?
Authors: V. Steger
S. Stadelmann
L. White
M. Döhnert
Publication date: 01-12-2024
Publisher: BioMed Central
Keywords: Child Abuse
Child Abuse
Published in: BMC Psychiatry / Issue 1/2024
Electronic ISSN: 1471-244X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-024-05683-6

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Child abuse and pubertal timing: what is the role of child sex and identity of the perpetrator?

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

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