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Open Access 01-02-2011

Chemokines in cerebrospinal fluid correlate with cerebral metabolite patterns in HIV-infected individuals

Authors: Scott L. Letendre, Jialin C. Zheng, Marcus Kaul, Constantin T. Yiannoutsos, Ronald J. Ellis, Michael J. Taylor, Jennifer Marquie-Beck, Bradford Navia, for the HIV Neuroimaging Consortium

Published in: Journal of NeuroVirology | Issue 1/2011

Abstract

Chemokines influence HIV neuropathogenesis by affecting the HIV life cycle, trafficking of macrophages into the nervous system, glial activation, and neuronal signaling and repair processes; however, knowledge of their relationship to in vivo measures of cerebral injury is limited. The primary objective of this study was to determine the relationship between a panel of chemokines in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and cerebral metabolites measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in a cohort of HIV-infected individuals. One hundred seventy-one stored CSF specimens were assayed from HIV-infected individuals who were enrolled in two ACTG studies that evaluated the relationship between neuropsychological performance and cerebral metabolites. Concentrations of six chemokines (fractalkine, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1β, and SDF-1) were measured and compared with cerebral metabolites individually and as composite neuronal, basal ganglia, and inflammatory patterns. IP-10 and MCP-1 were the chemokines most strongly associated with individual cerebral metabolites. Specifically, (1) higher IP-10 levels correlated with lower N-acetyl aspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr) ratios in the frontal white matter and higher MI/Cr ratios in all three brain regions considered and (2) higher MCP-1 levels correlated with lower NAA/Cr ratios in frontal white matter and the parietal cortex. IP-10, MCP-1, and IL-8 had the strongest associations with patterns of cerebral metabolites. In particular, higher levels of IP-10 correlated with lower neuronal pattern scores and higher basal ganglia and inflammatory pattern scores, the same pattern which has been associated with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Subgroup analysis indicated that the effects of IP-10 and IL-8 were influenced by effective antiretroviral therapy and that memantine treatment may mitigate the neuronal effects of IP-10. This study supports the role of chemokines in HAND and the validity of MRS as an assessment tool. In particular, the findings identify relationships between the immune response—particularly an interferon-inducible chemokine, IP-10—and cerebral metabolites and suggest that antiretroviral therapy and memantine modify the impact of the immune response on neurons.

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Title: Chemokines in cerebrospinal fluid correlate with cerebral metabolite patterns in HIV-infected individuals
Authors: Scott L. Letendre
Jialin C. Zheng
Marcus Kaul
Constantin T. Yiannoutsos
Ronald J. Ellis
Michael J. Taylor
Jennifer Marquie-Beck
Bradford Navia
for the HIV Neuroimaging Consortium
Publication date: 01-02-2011
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Journal of NeuroVirology / Issue 1/2011
Print ISSN: 1355-0284
Electronic ISSN: 1538-2443
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-010-0013-2

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Chemokines in cerebrospinal fluid correlate with cerebral metabolite patterns in HIV-infected individuals

Abstract

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

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