Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Inflammopharmacology 2-3/2016

Open Access 01-06-2016 | Original Article

Chemical composition of Nigella sativa Linn: Part 2 Recent advances

Authors: M. Akram Khan, M. Afzal

Published in: Inflammopharmacology | Issue 2-3/2016

Login to get access

Abstract

The black cumin or Nigella sativa L. seeds have many acclaimed medicinal properties such as bronchodilatory, hypotensive, antibacterial, antifungal, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and immunopotentiating. This review article is an update on the previous article published on Nigella sativa L. in this journal in 1999. It covers the medicinal properties and chemical syntheses of the alkaloids isolated from the seeds of the herb.
Literature
go back to reference Abdel-Fattah AM, Matsumoto K, Watanabe H (2000) Antinociceptive effects of Nigella sativa oil and its major component, thymoquinone, in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 400(1):89–97PubMedCrossRef Abdel-Fattah AM, Matsumoto K, Watanabe H (2000) Antinociceptive effects of Nigella sativa oil and its major component, thymoquinone, in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 400(1):89–97PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Aboul-El-Ela EI (2002) Cytogenetic studies on Nigella sativa seeds extract and thymoquinone on mouse cells infected with schistosomiasis using karyotyping. Mut Res 516(1–2):11–17CrossRef Aboul-El-Ela EI (2002) Cytogenetic studies on Nigella sativa seeds extract and thymoquinone on mouse cells infected with schistosomiasis using karyotyping. Mut Res 516(1–2):11–17CrossRef
go back to reference Ahmad A, Husain A, Mujeeb M, Khan SA, Najmi AK, Siddique NA, Damanhouri ZA, Anwar F (2013) A review on therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa: a miracle herb. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 3(5):337–352PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Ahmad A, Husain A, Mujeeb M, Khan SA, Najmi AK, Siddique NA, Damanhouri ZA, Anwar F (2013) A review on therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa: a miracle herb. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 3(5):337–352PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Ahmed OG, El-Mottaleb NA (2013) Renal function and arterial blood pressure alterations after exposure to acetaminophen with a potential role of Nigella sativa oil in adult male rats. J Physiol Biochem 69(1):1–13PubMedCrossRef Ahmed OG, El-Mottaleb NA (2013) Renal function and arterial blood pressure alterations after exposure to acetaminophen with a potential role of Nigella sativa oil in adult male rats. J Physiol Biochem 69(1):1–13PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Akhtar MS, Riffat S (1991) Field trial of Saussurea lappa roots against nematodes and Nigella sativa seeds against cestodes in children. JPMA J Pak Med Assoc 41(8):185–187PubMed Akhtar MS, Riffat S (1991) Field trial of Saussurea lappa roots against nematodes and Nigella sativa seeds against cestodes in children. JPMA J Pak Med Assoc 41(8):185–187PubMed
go back to reference Alam S, Khan ZI, Mustafa G, Kumar M, Islam F, Bhatnagar A, Ahmad FJ (2012) Development and evaluation of thymoquinone-encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles for nose-to-brain targeting: a pharmacoscintigraphic study. Int J Nanomed 7:5705–5718CrossRef Alam S, Khan ZI, Mustafa G, Kumar M, Islam F, Bhatnagar A, Ahmad FJ (2012) Development and evaluation of thymoquinone-encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles for nose-to-brain targeting: a pharmacoscintigraphic study. Int J Nanomed 7:5705–5718CrossRef
go back to reference Al-Ghamdi MS (2001) The anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity of Nigella sativa. J Ethnopharm 76(1):45–48CrossRef Al-Ghamdi MS (2001) The anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity of Nigella sativa. J Ethnopharm 76(1):45–48CrossRef
go back to reference Al-Ghamdi MS (2003) Protective effect of Nigella sativa seeds against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage. Am J Chin Med 31(5):721–728PubMedCrossRef Al-Ghamdi MS (2003) Protective effect of Nigella sativa seeds against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage. Am J Chin Med 31(5):721–728PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Ali BH (2004) The effect of Nigella sativa oil on gentamicin nephrotoxicity in rats. Am J Chin Med 32(1):49–55PubMedCrossRef Ali BH (2004) The effect of Nigella sativa oil on gentamicin nephrotoxicity in rats. Am J Chin Med 32(1):49–55PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Ali BH, Blunden G (2003) Pharmacological and toxicological properties of Nigella sativa. Phytother Res 17(4):299–305PubMedCrossRef Ali BH, Blunden G (2003) Pharmacological and toxicological properties of Nigella sativa. Phytother Res 17(4):299–305PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Al-Majed AA, Daba MH, Asiri YA, Al-Shabanah OA, Mostafa AA, El-Kashef HA (2001) Thymoquinone-induced relaxation of guinea-pig isolated trachea. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol 110(5–6):333–345PubMed Al-Majed AA, Daba MH, Asiri YA, Al-Shabanah OA, Mostafa AA, El-Kashef HA (2001) Thymoquinone-induced relaxation of guinea-pig isolated trachea. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol 110(5–6):333–345PubMed
go back to reference Al-Naggar TB, Gomez-Serranillos MP, Carretero ME, Villar AM (2003) Neuropharmacological activity of Nigella sativa L. extracts. J Ethnopharm 88(1):63–68CrossRef Al-Naggar TB, Gomez-Serranillos MP, Carretero ME, Villar AM (2003) Neuropharmacological activity of Nigella sativa L. extracts. J Ethnopharm 88(1):63–68CrossRef
go back to reference Al-shatwi AA (2014) Bioactivity-guided identification to delineate the immunomodulatory effects of methanolic extract of Nigella sativa seed on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Chin J Integr Med. doi:10.1007/s11655-013-1534-3 Al-shatwi AA (2014) Bioactivity-guided identification to delineate the immunomodulatory effects of methanolic extract of Nigella sativa seed on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Chin J Integr Med. doi:10.​1007/​s11655-013-1534-3
go back to reference Al-Suhaimi EA (2012) Hepatoprotective and immunological functions of Nigella sativa seed oil against hypervitaminosis A in adult male rats. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 82(4):288–297PubMedCrossRef Al-Suhaimi EA (2012) Hepatoprotective and immunological functions of Nigella sativa seed oil against hypervitaminosis A in adult male rats. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 82(4):288–297PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Aqel M, Shaheen R (1996) Effects of the volatile oil of Nigella sativa seeds on the uterine smooth muscle of rat and guinea pig. J Ethnopharmacol 52(1):23–26PubMedCrossRef Aqel M, Shaheen R (1996) Effects of the volatile oil of Nigella sativa seeds on the uterine smooth muscle of rat and guinea pig. J Ethnopharmacol 52(1):23–26PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Arafa NM, Abdel-Rahman M, El-khadragy MF, Kassab RB (2013) Evaluation of the possible epileptogenic activity of ciprofloxacin: the role of Nigella sativa on amino acids neurotransmitters. Neurochem Res 38(1):174–185PubMedCrossRef Arafa NM, Abdel-Rahman M, El-khadragy MF, Kassab RB (2013) Evaluation of the possible epileptogenic activity of ciprofloxacin: the role of Nigella sativa on amino acids neurotransmitters. Neurochem Res 38(1):174–185PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Badary OA (1999) Thymoquinone attenuates ifosfamide-induced Fanconi syndrome in rats and enhances its antitumor activity in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 67(2):135–142PubMedCrossRef Badary OA (1999) Thymoquinone attenuates ifosfamide-induced Fanconi syndrome in rats and enhances its antitumor activity in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 67(2):135–142PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Badary OA, Gamal El-Din AM (2001) Inhibitory effects of thymoquinone against 20-methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma tumorigenesis. Cancer Detect Prev 25(4):362–368PubMed Badary OA, Gamal El-Din AM (2001) Inhibitory effects of thymoquinone against 20-methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma tumorigenesis. Cancer Detect Prev 25(4):362–368PubMed
go back to reference Badary OA, Abdel-Naim AB, Abdel-Wahab MH, Hamada FM (2000) The influence of thymoquinone on doxorubicin-induced hyperlipidemic nephropathy in rats. Toxicology 143(3):219–226PubMedCrossRef Badary OA, Abdel-Naim AB, Abdel-Wahab MH, Hamada FM (2000) The influence of thymoquinone on doxorubicin-induced hyperlipidemic nephropathy in rats. Toxicology 143(3):219–226PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Badary OA, Taha RA, Gamal el-Din AM, Abdel-Wahab MH (2003) Thymoquinone is a potent superoxide anion scavenger. Drug Chem Toxicol 26(2):87–98PubMedCrossRef Badary OA, Taha RA, Gamal el-Din AM, Abdel-Wahab MH (2003) Thymoquinone is a potent superoxide anion scavenger. Drug Chem Toxicol 26(2):87–98PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Badary OA, Abd-Ellah MF, El-Mahdy MA, Salama SA, Hamada FM (2007) Anticlastogenic activity of thymoquinone against benzo(a)pyrene in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 45(1):88–92PubMedCrossRef Badary OA, Abd-Ellah MF, El-Mahdy MA, Salama SA, Hamada FM (2007) Anticlastogenic activity of thymoquinone against benzo(a)pyrene in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 45(1):88–92PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Badr G, Lefevre EA, Mohany M (2011) Thymoquinone inhibits the CXCL12-induced chemotaxis of multiple myeloma cells and increases their susceptibility to Fas-mediated apoptosis. PLoS One 6(9):e23741PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Badr G, Lefevre EA, Mohany M (2011) Thymoquinone inhibits the CXCL12-induced chemotaxis of multiple myeloma cells and increases their susceptibility to Fas-mediated apoptosis. PLoS One 6(9):e23741PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Banerjee S, Kaseb AO, Wang Z, Kong D, Mohammad M, Padhye S et al (2009) Antitumor activity of gemcitabine and oxaliplatin is augmented by thymoquinone in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Res 69(13):5575–5583PubMedCrossRef Banerjee S, Kaseb AO, Wang Z, Kong D, Mohammad M, Padhye S et al (2009) Antitumor activity of gemcitabine and oxaliplatin is augmented by thymoquinone in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Res 69(13):5575–5583PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Banerjee S, Azmi AS, Padhye S, Singh MW, Baruah JB, Philip PA et al (2010) Structure-activity studies on therapeutic potential of Thymoquinone analogs in pancreatic cancer. Pharm Res 27(6):1146–1158PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Banerjee S, Azmi AS, Padhye S, Singh MW, Baruah JB, Philip PA et al (2010) Structure-activity studies on therapeutic potential of Thymoquinone analogs in pancreatic cancer. Pharm Res 27(6):1146–1158PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Bian J, Van Wingerden M, Ready JM (2006) Enantioselective total synthesis of (+)- and (−)-nigellamine A2. J Am Chem Soc 128:7428–7429PubMedCrossRef Bian J, Van Wingerden M, Ready JM (2006) Enantioselective total synthesis of (+)- and (−)-nigellamine A2. J Am Chem Soc 128:7428–7429PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Boskabady MH, Shirmohammadi B, Jandaghi P, Kiani S (2004) Possible mechanism(s) for relaxant effect of aqueous and macerated extracts from Nigella sativa on tracheal chains of guinea pig. BMC Pharmacol 4:3PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Boskabady MH, Shirmohammadi B, Jandaghi P, Kiani S (2004) Possible mechanism(s) for relaxant effect of aqueous and macerated extracts from Nigella sativa on tracheal chains of guinea pig. BMC Pharmacol 4:3PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Bourgou S, Ksouri R, Bellila A, Skandrani I, Falleh H, Marzouk B (2008) Phenolic composition and biological activities of Tunisian Nigella sativa L. shoots and roots. C R Biol 331(1):48–55PubMedCrossRef Bourgou S, Ksouri R, Bellila A, Skandrani I, Falleh H, Marzouk B (2008) Phenolic composition and biological activities of Tunisian Nigella sativa L. shoots and roots. C R Biol 331(1):48–55PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Burits M, Bucar F (2000) Antioxidant activity of Nigella sativa essential oil. Phytother Res 14(5):323–328PubMedCrossRef Burits M, Bucar F (2000) Antioxidant activity of Nigella sativa essential oil. Phytother Res 14(5):323–328PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Chakravarty N (1993) Inhibition of histamine release from mast cells by nigellone. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 70(3):237–242 Chakravarty N (1993) Inhibition of histamine release from mast cells by nigellone. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 70(3):237–242
go back to reference Corder C, Benghuzzi H, Tucci M, Cason Z (2003) Delayed apoptosis upon the treatment of Hep-2 cells with black seed. Biomed Sci Instrum 39:365–370PubMed Corder C, Benghuzzi H, Tucci M, Cason Z (2003) Delayed apoptosis upon the treatment of Hep-2 cells with black seed. Biomed Sci Instrum 39:365–370PubMed
go back to reference Daba MH, Abdel-Rahman MS (1998) Hepatoprotective activity of thymoquinone in isolated rat hepatocytes. Toxicol Lett 95(1):23–29PubMedCrossRef Daba MH, Abdel-Rahman MS (1998) Hepatoprotective activity of thymoquinone in isolated rat hepatocytes. Toxicol Lett 95(1):23–29PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference de Paulis T, Hemstapat K, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Saleh S, Alagille D et al (2006) Substituent effects of N-(1,3-Diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamides on positive allosteric modulation of the metabotropic glutamate-5 receptor in rat cortical astrocytes. J Med Chem 49:3332–3344PubMedCrossRef de Paulis T, Hemstapat K, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Saleh S, Alagille D et al (2006) Substituent effects of N-(1,3-Diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamides on positive allosteric modulation of the metabotropic glutamate-5 receptor in rat cortical astrocytes. J Med Chem 49:3332–3344PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference El Tahir KE, Ashour MM, Al-Harbi MM (1993a) The cardiovascular actions of the volatile oil of the black seed (Nigella sativa) in rats: elucidation of the mechanism of action. Gen Pharmacol 24(5):1123–1131PubMedCrossRef El Tahir KE, Ashour MM, Al-Harbi MM (1993a) The cardiovascular actions of the volatile oil of the black seed (Nigella sativa) in rats: elucidation of the mechanism of action. Gen Pharmacol 24(5):1123–1131PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference El Tahir KE, Ashour MM, Al-Harbi MM (1993b) The respiratory effects of the volatile oil of the black seed (Nigella sativa) in guinea-pigs: elucidation of the mechanism(s) of action. Gen Pharmacol 24(5):1115–1122PubMedCrossRef El Tahir KE, Ashour MM, Al-Harbi MM (1993b) The respiratory effects of the volatile oil of the black seed (Nigella sativa) in guinea-pigs: elucidation of the mechanism(s) of action. Gen Pharmacol 24(5):1115–1122PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference El-Abhar HS, Abdallah DM, Saleh S (2003) Gastroprotective activity of Nigella sativa oil and its constituent, thymoquinone, against gastric mucosal injury induced by ischaemia/reperfusion in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 84(2–3):251–258PubMedCrossRef El-Abhar HS, Abdallah DM, Saleh S (2003) Gastroprotective activity of Nigella sativa oil and its constituent, thymoquinone, against gastric mucosal injury induced by ischaemia/reperfusion in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 84(2–3):251–258PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference El-Aziz MA, Hassan HA, Mohamed MH, Meki AR, Abdel-Ghaffar SK, Hussein MR (2005) The biochemical and morphological alterations following administration of melatonin, retinoic acid and Nigella sativa in mammary carcinoma: an animal model. Int J Exp Pathol 86(6):383–396PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef El-Aziz MA, Hassan HA, Mohamed MH, Meki AR, Abdel-Ghaffar SK, Hussein MR (2005) The biochemical and morphological alterations following administration of melatonin, retinoic acid and Nigella sativa in mammary carcinoma: an animal model. Int J Exp Pathol 86(6):383–396PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference El-Dakhakhny M, Mady NI, Halim MA (2000a) Nigella sativa L. oil protects against induced hepatotoxicity and improves serum lipid profile in rats. Arzneimittel-Forschung 50(9):832–836PubMed El-Dakhakhny M, Mady NI, Halim MA (2000a) Nigella sativa L. oil protects against induced hepatotoxicity and improves serum lipid profile in rats. Arzneimittel-Forschung 50(9):832–836PubMed
go back to reference El-Dakhakhny M, Barakat M, Halim MA, Aly SM (2000b) Effects of Nigella sativa oil on gastric secretion and ethanol induced ulcer in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 72(1–2):299–304PubMedCrossRef El-Dakhakhny M, Barakat M, Halim MA, Aly SM (2000b) Effects of Nigella sativa oil on gastric secretion and ethanol induced ulcer in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 72(1–2):299–304PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference El-Dakhakhny M, Madi NJ, Lembert N, Ammon HP (2002a) Nigella sativa oil, nigellone and derived thymoquinone inhibit synthesis of 5-lipoxygenase products in polymorphonuclear leukocytes from rats. J Ethnopharmacol 81(2):161–164PubMedCrossRef El-Dakhakhny M, Madi NJ, Lembert N, Ammon HP (2002a) Nigella sativa oil, nigellone and derived thymoquinone inhibit synthesis of 5-lipoxygenase products in polymorphonuclear leukocytes from rats. J Ethnopharmacol 81(2):161–164PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference El-Dakhakhny M, Mady N, Lembert N, Ammon HP (2002b) The hypoglycemic effect of Nigella sativa oil is mediated by extrapancreatic actions. Planta Med 68(5):465–466PubMedCrossRef El-Dakhakhny M, Mady N, Lembert N, Ammon HP (2002b) The hypoglycemic effect of Nigella sativa oil is mediated by extrapancreatic actions. Planta Med 68(5):465–466PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference El-Daly ES (1998) Protective effect of cysteine and vitamin E, Crocus sativus and Nigella sativa extracts on cisplatin-induced toxicity in rats. J Pharm Belg 53(2):87–93PubMed El-Daly ES (1998) Protective effect of cysteine and vitamin E, Crocus sativus and Nigella sativa extracts on cisplatin-induced toxicity in rats. J Pharm Belg 53(2):87–93PubMed
go back to reference Elliott EL, Bushell SM, Cavero M, Tolan B, Kelly TR (2005) Total synthesis of nigellicine and nigeglanine hydrobromide. Org Lett 7(12):2449–2451PubMedCrossRef Elliott EL, Bushell SM, Cavero M, Tolan B, Kelly TR (2005) Total synthesis of nigellicine and nigeglanine hydrobromide. Org Lett 7(12):2449–2451PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference El-Saleh SC, Al-Sagair OA, Al-Khalaf MI (2004) Thymoquinone and Nigella sativa oil protection against methionine-induced hyperhomocysteinemia in rats. Inter J Cardiol 93(1):19–23CrossRef El-Saleh SC, Al-Sagair OA, Al-Khalaf MI (2004) Thymoquinone and Nigella sativa oil protection against methionine-induced hyperhomocysteinemia in rats. Inter J Cardiol 93(1):19–23CrossRef
go back to reference Enomoto S, Asano R, Iwahori Y, Narui T, Okada Y, Singab AN et al (2001) Hematological studies on black cumin oil from the seeds of Nigella sativa L. Biol Pharm Bull 24(3):307–310PubMedCrossRef Enomoto S, Asano R, Iwahori Y, Narui T, Okada Y, Singab AN et al (2001) Hematological studies on black cumin oil from the seeds of Nigella sativa L. Biol Pharm Bull 24(3):307–310PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Farah IO, Begum RA (2003) Effect of Nigella sativa (N. sativa L.) and oxidative stress on the survival pattern of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Biomed Sci Instrum 39:359–364PubMed Farah IO, Begum RA (2003) Effect of Nigella sativa (N. sativa L.) and oxidative stress on the survival pattern of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Biomed Sci Instrum 39:359–364PubMed
go back to reference Fararh KM, Atoji Y, Shimizu Y, Takewaki T (2002) Isulinotropic properties of Nigella sativa oil in Streptozotocin plus Nicotinamide diabetic hamster. Res Vet Sci 73(3):279–282PubMedCrossRef Fararh KM, Atoji Y, Shimizu Y, Takewaki T (2002) Isulinotropic properties of Nigella sativa oil in Streptozotocin plus Nicotinamide diabetic hamster. Res Vet Sci 73(3):279–282PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Fararh KM, Atoji Y, Shimizu Y, Shiina T, Nikami H, Takewaki T (2004) Mechanisms of the hypoglycaemic and immunopotentiating effects of Nigella sativa L. oil in streptozotocin-induced diabetic hamsters. Res Vet Sci 77(2):123–129PubMedCrossRef Fararh KM, Atoji Y, Shimizu Y, Shiina T, Nikami H, Takewaki T (2004) Mechanisms of the hypoglycaemic and immunopotentiating effects of Nigella sativa L. oil in streptozotocin-induced diabetic hamsters. Res Vet Sci 77(2):123–129PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Gali-Muhtasib H, Diab-Assaf M, Boltze C, Al-Hmaira J, Hartig R, Roessner A et al (2004) Thymoquinone extracted from black seed triggers apoptotic cell death in human colorectal cancer cells via a p53-dependent mechanism. Int J Oncol 25(4):857–866PubMed Gali-Muhtasib H, Diab-Assaf M, Boltze C, Al-Hmaira J, Hartig R, Roessner A et al (2004) Thymoquinone extracted from black seed triggers apoptotic cell death in human colorectal cancer cells via a p53-dependent mechanism. Int J Oncol 25(4):857–866PubMed
go back to reference Ganea GM, Fakayode SO, Losso JN, van nostrum CF, Sabliov CM, Warner IM (2010) Delivery of phytochemical thymoquinone using molecular micelle modified poly(d, l lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles. Nanotechnology 21(28):285104PubMedCrossRef Ganea GM, Fakayode SO, Losso JN, van nostrum CF, Sabliov CM, Warner IM (2010) Delivery of phytochemical thymoquinone using molecular micelle modified poly(d, l lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles. Nanotechnology 21(28):285104PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Gheita TA, Kenawy SA (2012) Effectiveness of Nigella sativa oil in the management of rheumatoid arthritis patients: a placebo controlled study. Phytother Res 26(8):1246–1248PubMedCrossRef Gheita TA, Kenawy SA (2012) Effectiveness of Nigella sativa oil in the management of rheumatoid arthritis patients: a placebo controlled study. Phytother Res 26(8):1246–1248PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Gilani AH, Aziz N, Khurram IM, Chaudhary KS, Iqbal A (2001) Bronchodilator, spasmolytic and calcium antagonist activities of Nigella sativa seeds (Kalonji): a traditional herbal product with multiple medicinal uses. J Pak Med Assoc 51(3):115–120PubMed Gilani AH, Aziz N, Khurram IM, Chaudhary KS, Iqbal A (2001) Bronchodilator, spasmolytic and calcium antagonist activities of Nigella sativa seeds (Kalonji): a traditional herbal product with multiple medicinal uses. J Pak Med Assoc 51(3):115–120PubMed
go back to reference Hajhashemi V, Ghannadi A, Jafarabadi H (2004) Black cumin seed essential oil, as a potent analgesic and antiinflammatory drug. Phytother Res 18(3):195–199PubMedCrossRef Hajhashemi V, Ghannadi A, Jafarabadi H (2004) Black cumin seed essential oil, as a potent analgesic and antiinflammatory drug. Phytother Res 18(3):195–199PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Hanafy MS, Hatem ME (1991) Studies on the antimicrobial activity of Nigella sativa seed (black cumin). J Ethnopharmacol 34(2–3):275–278PubMedCrossRef Hanafy MS, Hatem ME (1991) Studies on the antimicrobial activity of Nigella sativa seed (black cumin). J Ethnopharmacol 34(2–3):275–278PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Haq A, Abdullatif M, Lobo PI, Khabar KS, Sheth KV, Al-Sedairy ST (1995) Nigella sativa: effect on human lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocyte phagocytic activity. Immunopharmacology 30(2):147–155PubMedCrossRef Haq A, Abdullatif M, Lobo PI, Khabar KS, Sheth KV, Al-Sedairy ST (1995) Nigella sativa: effect on human lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocyte phagocytic activity. Immunopharmacology 30(2):147–155PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Haq A, Lobo PI, Al-Tufail M, Rama NR, Al-Sedairy ST (1999) Immunomodulatory effect of Nigella sativa proteins fractionated by ion exchange chromatography. Int J Immunopharmacol 21(4):283–295PubMedCrossRef Haq A, Lobo PI, Al-Tufail M, Rama NR, Al-Sedairy ST (1999) Immunomodulatory effect of Nigella sativa proteins fractionated by ion exchange chromatography. Int J Immunopharmacol 21(4):283–295PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Harzallah HJ, Grayaa R, Kharoubi W, Maaloul A, Hammami M, Mahjoub T (2012) Thymoquinone, the Nigella sativa bioactive compound, prevents circulatory oxidative stress caused by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in erythrocyte during colon postinitiation carcinogenesis. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2012:854065PubMed Harzallah HJ, Grayaa R, Kharoubi W, Maaloul A, Hammami M, Mahjoub T (2012) Thymoquinone, the Nigella sativa bioactive compound, prevents circulatory oxidative stress caused by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in erythrocyte during colon postinitiation carcinogenesis. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2012:854065PubMed
go back to reference Hawsawi ZA, Ali BA, Bamosa AO (2001) Effect of Nigella sativa (black seed) and thymoquinone on blood glucose in albino rats. Ann Saudi Med 21(3–4):242–244PubMed Hawsawi ZA, Ali BA, Bamosa AO (2001) Effect of Nigella sativa (black seed) and thymoquinone on blood glucose in albino rats. Ann Saudi Med 21(3–4):242–244PubMed
go back to reference Hosseinzadeh H, Parvardeh S (2004) Anticonvulsant effects of thymoquinone, the major constituent of Nigella sativa seeds, in mice. Phytomedicine 11(1):56–64PubMedCrossRef Hosseinzadeh H, Parvardeh S (2004) Anticonvulsant effects of thymoquinone, the major constituent of Nigella sativa seeds, in mice. Phytomedicine 11(1):56–64PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Houghton PJ, Zarka R, de las Heras B, Hoult JR (1995) Fixed oil of Nigella sativa and derived thymoquinone inhibit eicosanoid generation in leukocytes and membrane lipid peroxidation. Planta Med 61(1):33–36PubMedCrossRef Houghton PJ, Zarka R, de las Heras B, Hoult JR (1995) Fixed oil of Nigella sativa and derived thymoquinone inhibit eicosanoid generation in leukocytes and membrane lipid peroxidation. Planta Med 61(1):33–36PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Iddamaldeniya SS, Wickramasinghe N, Thabrew I, Ratnatunge N, Thammitiyagodage MG (2003) Protection against diethylnitrosoamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis by an indigenous medicine comprised of Nigella sativa, Hemidesmus indicus and Smilax glabra: a preliminary study. J Carcinogen 2(1):6CrossRef Iddamaldeniya SS, Wickramasinghe N, Thabrew I, Ratnatunge N, Thammitiyagodage MG (2003) Protection against diethylnitrosoamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis by an indigenous medicine comprised of Nigella sativa, Hemidesmus indicus and Smilax glabra: a preliminary study. J Carcinogen 2(1):6CrossRef
go back to reference Inamoto K, Katsuno M, Yoshino T, Arai Y, Hiroyaa K, Sakamotoa T (2007) Synthesis of 3-substituted indazoles and benzoisoxazoles via Pd-catalyzed cyclization reactions: application to the synthesis of nigellicine. Tetrahedron 63:2695–2711CrossRef Inamoto K, Katsuno M, Yoshino T, Arai Y, Hiroyaa K, Sakamotoa T (2007) Synthesis of 3-substituted indazoles and benzoisoxazoles via Pd-catalyzed cyclization reactions: application to the synthesis of nigellicine. Tetrahedron 63:2695–2711CrossRef
go back to reference Islam SN, Begum P, Ahsan T, Huque S, Ahsan M (2004) Immunosuppressive and cytotoxic properties of Nigella sativa. Phytother Res 18(5):395–398PubMedCrossRef Islam SN, Begum P, Ahsan T, Huque S, Ahsan M (2004) Immunosuppressive and cytotoxic properties of Nigella sativa. Phytother Res 18(5):395–398PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kacem R, Meraihi Z (2006) Effects of essential oil extracted from Nigella sativa (L) seeds and its main components on human neutrophil elastase activity. Yakugaku Zasshi J Pharm Soc Jpn 126(4):301–305CrossRef Kacem R, Meraihi Z (2006) Effects of essential oil extracted from Nigella sativa (L) seeds and its main components on human neutrophil elastase activity. Yakugaku Zasshi J Pharm Soc Jpn 126(4):301–305CrossRef
go back to reference Kalus U, Pruss A, Bystron J, Jurecka M, Smekalova A, Lichius JJ et al (2003) Effect of Nigella sativa (black seed) on subjective feeling in patients with allergic diseases. Phytother Res 17(10):1209–1214PubMedCrossRef Kalus U, Pruss A, Bystron J, Jurecka M, Smekalova A, Lichius JJ et al (2003) Effect of Nigella sativa (black seed) on subjective feeling in patients with allergic diseases. Phytother Res 17(10):1209–1214PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kanter M, Meral I, Dede S, Gunduz H, Cemek M, Ozbek H et al (2003a) Effects of Nigella sativa L. and Urtica dioica L. on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme systems and some liver enzymes in CCl4-treated rats. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med 50(5):264–268PubMedCrossRef Kanter M, Meral I, Dede S, Gunduz H, Cemek M, Ozbek H et al (2003a) Effects of Nigella sativa L. and Urtica dioica L. on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme systems and some liver enzymes in CCl4-treated rats. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med 50(5):264–268PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kanter M, Meral I, Yener Z, Ozbek H, Demir H (2003b) Partial regeneration/proliferation of the beta-cells in the islets of Langerhans by Nigella sativa L. in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Tohoku J Exp Med 201(4):213–219PubMedCrossRef Kanter M, Meral I, Yener Z, Ozbek H, Demir H (2003b) Partial regeneration/proliferation of the beta-cells in the islets of Langerhans by Nigella sativa L. in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Tohoku J Exp Med 201(4):213–219PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kanter M, Coskun O, Korkmaz A, Oter S (2004) Effects of Nigella sativa on oxidative stress and beta-cell damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Anat Rec Part A Disc Mol Cell Evol Biol 279(1):685–691CrossRef Kanter M, Coskun O, Korkmaz A, Oter S (2004) Effects of Nigella sativa on oxidative stress and beta-cell damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Anat Rec Part A Disc Mol Cell Evol Biol 279(1):685–691CrossRef
go back to reference Khader M, Bresgen N, Eckl PM (2010) Antimutagenic effects of ethanolic extracts from selected Palestinian medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol 127(2):319–324PubMedCrossRef Khader M, Bresgen N, Eckl PM (2010) Antimutagenic effects of ethanolic extracts from selected Palestinian medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol 127(2):319–324PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Khan MA (1999) Chemical composition and medicinal properties of Nigella sativa Linn. Inflammopharmacology 7(1):15–35PubMedCrossRef Khan MA (1999) Chemical composition and medicinal properties of Nigella sativa Linn. Inflammopharmacology 7(1):15–35PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Khan MA, Ashfaq MK, Zuberi HS, Mahmood MS, Gilani AH (2003a) The in vivo antifungal activity of the aqueous extract from Nigella sativa seeds. Phytother Res 17(2):183–186PubMedCrossRef Khan MA, Ashfaq MK, Zuberi HS, Mahmood MS, Gilani AH (2003a) The in vivo antifungal activity of the aqueous extract from Nigella sativa seeds. Phytother Res 17(2):183–186PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Khan N, Sharma S, Sultana S (2003b) Nigella sativa (black cumin) ameliorates potassium bromate-induced early events of carcinogenesis: diminution of oxidative stress. Human Exp Toxicol 22(4):193–203CrossRef Khan N, Sharma S, Sultana S (2003b) Nigella sativa (black cumin) ameliorates potassium bromate-induced early events of carcinogenesis: diminution of oxidative stress. Human Exp Toxicol 22(4):193–203CrossRef
go back to reference Khan MA, Chen HC, Tania M, Zhang DZ (2011) Anticancer activities of Nigella sativa (black cumin). Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 8(5 Suppl):226–232PubMedPubMedCentral Khan MA, Chen HC, Tania M, Zhang DZ (2011) Anticancer activities of Nigella sativa (black cumin). Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 8(5 Suppl):226–232PubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Kirui PK, Cameron J, Benghuzzi HA, Tucci M, Patel R, Adah F et al (2004) Effects of sustained delivery of thymoqiunone on bone healing of male rats. Biomed Sci Instrum 40:111–116PubMed Kirui PK, Cameron J, Benghuzzi HA, Tucci M, Patel R, Adah F et al (2004) Effects of sustained delivery of thymoqiunone on bone healing of male rats. Biomed Sci Instrum 40:111–116PubMed
go back to reference Korany NS, Ezzat BA (2011) Prophylactic effect of green tea and Nigella sativa extracts against fenitrothion-induced toxicity in rat parotid gland. Arch Oral Biol 56(11):1339–1346PubMedCrossRef Korany NS, Ezzat BA (2011) Prophylactic effect of green tea and Nigella sativa extracts against fenitrothion-induced toxicity in rat parotid gland. Arch Oral Biol 56(11):1339–1346PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kumara SS, Huat BT (2001) Extraction, isolation and characterisation of antitumor principle, alpha-hederin, from the seeds of Nigella sativa. Planta Med 67(1):29–32PubMedCrossRef Kumara SS, Huat BT (2001) Extraction, isolation and characterisation of antitumor principle, alpha-hederin, from the seeds of Nigella sativa. Planta Med 67(1):29–32PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Lahm GP, Cordova D, Barry JD (2009) New and selective ryanodine receptor activators for insect control. Bioorg Med Chem 17:4127–4133PubMedCrossRef Lahm GP, Cordova D, Barry JD (2009) New and selective ryanodine receptor activators for insect control. Bioorg Med Chem 17:4127–4133PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Le PM, Benhaddou-Andaloussi A, Elimadi A, Settaf A, Cherrah Y, Haddad PS (2004) The petroleum ether extract of Nigella sativa exerts lipid-lowering and insulin-sensitizing actions in the rat. J Ethnopharmacol 94(2–3):251–259PubMedCrossRef Le PM, Benhaddou-Andaloussi A, Elimadi A, Settaf A, Cherrah Y, Haddad PS (2004) The petroleum ether extract of Nigella sativa exerts lipid-lowering and insulin-sensitizing actions in the rat. J Ethnopharmacol 94(2–3):251–259PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Lei X, Lv X, Liu M, Yang Z, Ji M, Guo X et al (2012) Thymoquinone inhibits growth and augments 5-fluorouracil-induced apoptosis in gastric cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 417(2):864–868PubMedCrossRef Lei X, Lv X, Liu M, Yang Z, Ji M, Guo X et al (2012) Thymoquinone inhibits growth and augments 5-fluorouracil-induced apoptosis in gastric cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 417(2):864–868PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Mabrouk GM, Moselhy SS, Zohny SF, Ali EM, Helal TE, Amin AA et al (2002) Inhibition of methylnitrosourea (MNU) induced oxidative stress and carcinogenesis by orally administered bee honey and Nigella grains in Sprague Dawely rats. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 21(3):341–346PubMed Mabrouk GM, Moselhy SS, Zohny SF, Ali EM, Helal TE, Amin AA et al (2002) Inhibition of methylnitrosourea (MNU) induced oxidative stress and carcinogenesis by orally administered bee honey and Nigella grains in Sprague Dawely rats. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 21(3):341–346PubMed
go back to reference Mahmood MS, Gilani AH, Khwaja A, Rashid A, Ashfaq MK (2003) The in vitro effect of aqueous extract of Nigella sativa seeds on nitric oxide production. Phytother Res 17(8):921–924PubMedCrossRef Mahmood MS, Gilani AH, Khwaja A, Rashid A, Ashfaq MK (2003) The in vitro effect of aqueous extract of Nigella sativa seeds on nitric oxide production. Phytother Res 17(8):921–924PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Mahmoud MR, El-Abhar HS, Saleh S (2002) The effect of Nigella sativa oil against the liver damage induced by Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 79(1):1–11PubMedCrossRef Mahmoud MR, El-Abhar HS, Saleh S (2002) The effect of Nigella sativa oil against the liver damage induced by Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 79(1):1–11PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Majdalawieh AF, Hmaidan R, Carr RI (2010) Nigella sativa modulates splenocyte proliferation, Th1/Th2 cytokine profile, macrophage function and NK anti-tumor activity. J Ethnopharmacol 131(2):268–275PubMedCrossRef Majdalawieh AF, Hmaidan R, Carr RI (2010) Nigella sativa modulates splenocyte proliferation, Th1/Th2 cytokine profile, macrophage function and NK anti-tumor activity. J Ethnopharmacol 131(2):268–275PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Mansour M, Tornhamre S (2004) Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase and leukotriene C4 synthase in human blood cells by thymoquinone. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 19(5):431–436PubMedCrossRef Mansour M, Tornhamre S (2004) Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase and leukotriene C4 synthase in human blood cells by thymoquinone. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 19(5):431–436PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Mansour MA, Ginawi OT, El-Hadiyah T, El-Khatib AS, Al-Shabanah OA, Al-Sawaf HA (2001) Effects of volatile oil constituents of Nigella sativa on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in mice: evidence for antioxidant effects of thymoquinone. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol 110(3–4):239–251PubMed Mansour MA, Ginawi OT, El-Hadiyah T, El-Khatib AS, Al-Shabanah OA, Al-Sawaf HA (2001) Effects of volatile oil constituents of Nigella sativa on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in mice: evidence for antioxidant effects of thymoquinone. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol 110(3–4):239–251PubMed
go back to reference Mansour SW, Sangi S, Harsha S, Khaleel MA, Ibrahim AR (2013) Sensibility of male rats fertility against olive oil, Nigella sativa oil and pomegranate extract. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed B(7):563–568CrossRef Mansour SW, Sangi S, Harsha S, Khaleel MA, Ibrahim AR (2013) Sensibility of male rats fertility against olive oil, Nigella sativa oil and pomegranate extract. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed B(7):563–568CrossRef
go back to reference Maxwell BD (2000) The radiolabeled syntheses of JV 485, a herbicide candidate for winter wheat. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 43:645–654CrossRef Maxwell BD (2000) The radiolabeled syntheses of JV 485, a herbicide candidate for winter wheat. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 43:645–654CrossRef
go back to reference Meral I, Kanter M (2003) Effects of Nigella sativa L. and Urtica dioica L. on selected mineral status and hematological values in CCl4-treated rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 96(1–3):263–270PubMedCrossRef Meral I, Kanter M (2003) Effects of Nigella sativa L. and Urtica dioica L. on selected mineral status and hematological values in CCl4-treated rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 96(1–3):263–270PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Meral I, Yener Z, Kahraman T, Mert N (2001) Effect of Nigella sativa on glucose concentration, lipid peroxidation, anti-oxidant defence system and liver damage in experimentally-induced diabetic rabbits. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med 48(10):593–599PubMedCrossRef Meral I, Yener Z, Kahraman T, Mert N (2001) Effect of Nigella sativa on glucose concentration, lipid peroxidation, anti-oxidant defence system and liver damage in experimentally-induced diabetic rabbits. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med 48(10):593–599PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Michelitsch A, Rittmannsberger A, Hufner A, Ruckert U, Likussar W (2004) Determination of isopropylmethylphenols in black seed oil by differential pulse voltammetry. Phytochem Anal 15(5):320–324PubMedCrossRef Michelitsch A, Rittmannsberger A, Hufner A, Ruckert U, Likussar W (2004) Determination of isopropylmethylphenols in black seed oil by differential pulse voltammetry. Phytochem Anal 15(5):320–324PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Morikawa T, Xu F, Ninomiya K, Matsuda H, Yoshikawa M (2004a) Nigellamines A3, A4, A5, and C, new dolabellane-type diterpene alkaloids, with lipid metabolism-promoting activities from the Egyptian medicinal food black cumin. Chem Pharm Bull 52(4):494–497PubMedCrossRef Morikawa T, Xu F, Ninomiya K, Matsuda H, Yoshikawa M (2004a) Nigellamines A3, A4, A5, and C, new dolabellane-type diterpene alkaloids, with lipid metabolism-promoting activities from the Egyptian medicinal food black cumin. Chem Pharm Bull 52(4):494–497PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Morikawa T, Xu F, Kashima Y, Matsuda H, Ninomiya K, Yoshikawa M (2004b) Novel dolabellane-type diterpene alkaloids with lipid metabolism promoting activities from the seeds of Nigella sativa. Org Lett 6(6):869–872PubMedCrossRef Morikawa T, Xu F, Kashima Y, Matsuda H, Ninomiya K, Yoshikawa M (2004b) Novel dolabellane-type diterpene alkaloids with lipid metabolism promoting activities from the seeds of Nigella sativa. Org Lett 6(6):869–872PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Morsi NM (2000) Antimicrobial effect of crude extracts of Nigella sativa on multiple antibiotics-resistant bacteria. Acta Microbiol Pol 49(1):63–74PubMed Morsi NM (2000) Antimicrobial effect of crude extracts of Nigella sativa on multiple antibiotics-resistant bacteria. Acta Microbiol Pol 49(1):63–74PubMed
go back to reference Nair SC, Salomi MJ, Panikkar B, Panikkar KR (1991) Modulatory effects of Crocus sativus and Nigella sativa extracts on cisplatin-induced toxicity in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 31(1):75–83PubMedCrossRef Nair SC, Salomi MJ, Panikkar B, Panikkar KR (1991) Modulatory effects of Crocus sativus and Nigella sativa extracts on cisplatin-induced toxicity in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 31(1):75–83PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Nickavar B, Mojab F, Javidnia K, Amoli MA (2003) Chemical composition of the fixed and volatile oils of Nigella sativa L. from Iran. Z Naturforsch C 58(9–10):629–631PubMed Nickavar B, Mojab F, Javidnia K, Amoli MA (2003) Chemical composition of the fixed and volatile oils of Nigella sativa L. from Iran. Z Naturforsch C 58(9–10):629–631PubMed
go back to reference Okuno S, Saito A, Hayashi T, Chan PH (2004) The c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase signaling pathway mediates Bax activation and subsequent neuronal apoptosis through interaction with Bim after transient focal cerebral ischemia. J Neurosci 24(36):7879–7887PubMedCrossRef Okuno S, Saito A, Hayashi T, Chan PH (2004) The c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase signaling pathway mediates Bax activation and subsequent neuronal apoptosis through interaction with Bim after transient focal cerebral ischemia. J Neurosci 24(36):7879–7887PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Paarakh PM (2010) Nigella sativa Linn—a comprehensive review. Indian. J Nat Prod Res 1(4):409–429 Paarakh PM (2010) Nigella sativa Linn—a comprehensive review. Indian. J Nat Prod Res 1(4):409–429
go back to reference Penning TD, Talley JJ, Bertenshaw SR, Carter JS, Collins WP, Docter S et al (1997) Synthesis and Biological evaluation of the 1,5-diarylpyrazole class of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors: identification of 4-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzenesulfonamide (SC-58635, Celecoxib). J Med Chem 40:1347–1365PubMedCrossRef Penning TD, Talley JJ, Bertenshaw SR, Carter JS, Collins WP, Docter S et al (1997) Synthesis and Biological evaluation of the 1,5-diarylpyrazole class of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors: identification of 4-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzenesulfonamide (SC-58635, Celecoxib). J Med Chem 40:1347–1365PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Plosker GL, Goa KL (1991) Granisetron. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use as an antiemetic. Drugs 42(5):805–824PubMedCrossRef Plosker GL, Goa KL (1991) Granisetron. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use as an antiemetic. Drugs 42(5):805–824PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Rastogi L, Feroz S, Pandey BN, Jagtap A, Mishra KP (2010) Protection against radiation-induced oxidative damage by an ethanolic extract of Nigella sativa L. Int J Rad Biol 86(9):719–731PubMedCrossRef Rastogi L, Feroz S, Pandey BN, Jagtap A, Mishra KP (2010) Protection against radiation-induced oxidative damage by an ethanolic extract of Nigella sativa L. Int J Rad Biol 86(9):719–731PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Ravindran J, Nair HB, Sung B, Prasad S, Tekmal RR, Aggarwal BB (2010) Thymoquinone poly (lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles exhibit enhanced anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and chemosensitization potential. Biochem Pharmacol 79(11):1640–1647PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Ravindran J, Nair HB, Sung B, Prasad S, Tekmal RR, Aggarwal BB (2010) Thymoquinone poly (lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles exhibit enhanced anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and chemosensitization potential. Biochem Pharmacol 79(11):1640–1647PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Rchid H, Chevassus H, Nmila R, Guiral C, Petit P, Chokairi M et al (2004) Nigella sativa seed extracts enhance glucose-induced insulin release from rat-isolated Langerhans islets. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 18(5):525–529PubMedCrossRef Rchid H, Chevassus H, Nmila R, Guiral C, Petit P, Chokairi M et al (2004) Nigella sativa seed extracts enhance glucose-induced insulin release from rat-isolated Langerhans islets. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 18(5):525–529PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Saleem U, Ahmad B, Rehman K, Mahmood S, Alam M, Erum A (2012) Nephro-protective effect of vitamin C and Nigella sativa oil on gentamicin associated nephrotoxicity in rabbits. Pak J Pharm Sci 25(4):727–730PubMed Saleem U, Ahmad B, Rehman K, Mahmood S, Alam M, Erum A (2012) Nephro-protective effect of vitamin C and Nigella sativa oil on gentamicin associated nephrotoxicity in rabbits. Pak J Pharm Sci 25(4):727–730PubMed
go back to reference Salim EI, Fukushima S (2003) Chemopreventive potential of volatile oil from black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds against rat colon carcinogenesis. Nutr Cancer 45(2):195–202PubMedCrossRef Salim EI, Fukushima S (2003) Chemopreventive potential of volatile oil from black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds against rat colon carcinogenesis. Nutr Cancer 45(2):195–202PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Salomi MJ, Nair SC, Panikkar KR (1991) Inhibitory effects of Nigella sativa and saffron (Crocus sativus) on chemical carcinogenesis in mice. Nutr Cancer 16(1):67–72PubMedCrossRef Salomi MJ, Nair SC, Panikkar KR (1991) Inhibitory effects of Nigella sativa and saffron (Crocus sativus) on chemical carcinogenesis in mice. Nutr Cancer 16(1):67–72PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Salomi NJ, Nair SC, Jayawardhanan KK, Varghese CD, Panikkar KR (1992) Antitumour principles from Nigella sativa seeds. Cancer Lett 63(1):41–46PubMedCrossRef Salomi NJ, Nair SC, Jayawardhanan KK, Varghese CD, Panikkar KR (1992) Antitumour principles from Nigella sativa seeds. Cancer Lett 63(1):41–46PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Samarakoon SR, Thabrew I, Galhena PB, De Silva D, Tennekoon KH (2010) A comparison of the cytotoxic potential of standardized aqueous and ethanolic extracts of a polyherbal mixture comprised of Nigella sativa (seeds), Hemidesmus indicus (roots) and Smilax glabra (rhizome). Pharmacognosy Res 2(6):335–342PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Samarakoon SR, Thabrew I, Galhena PB, De Silva D, Tennekoon KH (2010) A comparison of the cytotoxic potential of standardized aqueous and ethanolic extracts of a polyherbal mixture comprised of Nigella sativa (seeds), Hemidesmus indicus (roots) and Smilax glabra (rhizome). Pharmacognosy Res 2(6):335–342PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Samarakoon SR, Thabrew I, Galhena PB, Tennekoon KH (2012) Modulation of apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2 cells) by a standardized herbal decoction of Nigella sativa seeds, Hemidesmus indicus roots and Smilax glabra rhizomes with anti-hepatocarcinogenic effects. BMC Complement Altern Med 12:25. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-12-25 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Samarakoon SR, Thabrew I, Galhena PB, Tennekoon KH (2012) Modulation of apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2 cells) by a standardized herbal decoction of Nigella sativa seeds, Hemidesmus indicus roots and Smilax glabra rhizomes with anti-hepatocarcinogenic effects. BMC Complement Altern Med 12:25. doi:10.​1186/​1472-6882-12-25 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Singh A, Ahmad I, Akhter S, Jain GK, Iqbal Z, Talegaonkar S, Ahmad FJ (2013) Nanocarrier based formulation of thymoquinone improves oral delivery: stability assessment, in vitro and in vivo studies. Colloids Surf B 102:822–832CrossRef Singh A, Ahmad I, Akhter S, Jain GK, Iqbal Z, Talegaonkar S, Ahmad FJ (2013) Nanocarrier based formulation of thymoquinone improves oral delivery: stability assessment, in vitro and in vivo studies. Colloids Surf B 102:822–832CrossRef
go back to reference Steinmann A, Schatzle M, Agathos M, Breit R (1997) Allergic contact dermatitis from black cumin (Nigella sativa) oil after topical use. Contact Dermatitis 36(5):268–269PubMedCrossRef Steinmann A, Schatzle M, Agathos M, Breit R (1997) Allergic contact dermatitis from black cumin (Nigella sativa) oil after topical use. Contact Dermatitis 36(5):268–269PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Swamy SM, Huat BT (2003) Intracellular glutathione depletion and reactive oxygen species generation are important in alpha-hederin-induced apoptosis of P388 cells. Mol Cell Biochem 245(1–2):127–139PubMed Swamy SM, Huat BT (2003) Intracellular glutathione depletion and reactive oxygen species generation are important in alpha-hederin-induced apoptosis of P388 cells. Mol Cell Biochem 245(1–2):127–139PubMed
go back to reference Swamy SM, Tan BK (2000) Cytotoxic and immunopotentiating effects of ethanolic extract of Nigella sativa L. seeds. J Ethnopharmacol 70(1):1–7PubMedCrossRef Swamy SM, Tan BK (2000) Cytotoxic and immunopotentiating effects of ethanolic extract of Nigella sativa L. seeds. J Ethnopharmacol 70(1):1–7PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Ulu R, Dogukan A, Tuzcu M, Gencoglu H, Ulas M, Ilhan N et al (2012) Regulation of renal organic anion and cation transporters by thymoquinone in cisplatin induced kidney injury. Food Chem Toxicol 50(5):1675–1679PubMedCrossRef Ulu R, Dogukan A, Tuzcu M, Gencoglu H, Ulas M, Ilhan N et al (2012) Regulation of renal organic anion and cation transporters by thymoquinone in cisplatin induced kidney injury. Food Chem Toxicol 50(5):1675–1679PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Verma SK, Rastogi S, Javed K, Akhtar M, Arorac I, Samim M (2013) Nanothymoquinone, a novel hepatotargeted delivery system for treating CCl4 mediated hepatotoxicity in rats. J Mater Chem B 1:2956–2966CrossRef Verma SK, Rastogi S, Javed K, Akhtar M, Arorac I, Samim M (2013) Nanothymoquinone, a novel hepatotargeted delivery system for treating CCl4 mediated hepatotoxicity in rats. J Mater Chem B 1:2956–2966CrossRef
go back to reference Worthen DR, Ghosheh OA, Crooks PA (1998) The in vitro anti-tumor activity of some crude and purified components of blackseed Nigella sativa L. Anticancer Res 18(3A):1527–1532PubMed Worthen DR, Ghosheh OA, Crooks PA (1998) The in vitro anti-tumor activity of some crude and purified components of blackseed Nigella sativa L. Anticancer Res 18(3A):1527–1532PubMed
go back to reference Ye M, Edmunds AJF, Morris JA, Sale D, Zhanga Y, Yu J-Q (2013) A robust protocol for Pd(II)-catalyzed C-3 arylation of (1H) indazoles and pyrazoles: total synthesis of nigellidine hydrobromide. Chem Sci 4:2374–2379PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Ye M, Edmunds AJF, Morris JA, Sale D, Zhanga Y, Yu J-Q (2013) A robust protocol for Pd(II)-catalyzed C-3 arylation of (1H) indazoles and pyrazoles: total synthesis of nigellidine hydrobromide. Chem Sci 4:2374–2379PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Yusufi M, Banerjee S, Mohammad M, Khatal S, Swamy KV, Khan EM et al (2013) Synthesis, characterization and anti-tumor activity of novel thymoquinone analogs against pancreatic cancer. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 23:3101–3104PubMedCrossRef Yusufi M, Banerjee S, Mohammad M, Khatal S, Swamy KV, Khan EM et al (2013) Synthesis, characterization and anti-tumor activity of novel thymoquinone analogs against pancreatic cancer. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 23:3101–3104PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Chemical composition of Nigella sativa Linn: Part 2 Recent advances
Authors
M. Akram Khan
M. Afzal
Publication date
01-06-2016
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Inflammopharmacology / Issue 2-3/2016
Print ISSN: 0925-4692
Electronic ISSN: 1568-5608
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-016-0262-7

Other articles of this Issue 2-3/2016

Inflammopharmacology 2-3/2016 Go to the issue