Published in:
01-06-2005
Catheter Closure of Congenital Muscular Ventricular Septal Defects
Author:
B.D. Thanopoulos
Published in:
Pediatric Cardiology
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Issue 3/2005
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Excerpt
True muscular ventricular septal defects (MVSDs) account for approximately 10 – 15% of congenital VSDs and can be single or multiple, existing anywhere in the septum [
1] The most common form of MVSDs is the apical defects followed by the midmuscular defects. Anterior defects are less common and multiple MVSDs (Swiss cheese muscular septum) are rare. Acquired MVSDs are very rare and usually occur in patients with ventricular septal rupture complicating acute myocardial infraction. …