Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Annals of Intensive Care 1/2024

Open Access 01-12-2024 | Cardiogenic Shock | Review

Management of cardiogenic shock: a narrative review

Authors: Driss Laghlam, Sarah Benghanem, Sofia Ortuno, Nadia Bouabdallaoui, Stephane Manzo-Silberman, Olfa Hamzaoui, Nadia Aissaoui

Published in: Annals of Intensive Care | Issue 1/2024

Login to get access

Abstract

Cardiogenic shock (CS) is characterized by low cardiac output and sustained tissue hypoperfusion that may result in end-organ dysfunction and death. CS is associated with high short-term mortality, and its management remains challenging despite recent advances in therapeutic options. Timely diagnosis and multidisciplinary team-based management have demonstrated favourable effects on outcomes. We aimed to review evidence-based practices for managing patients with ischemic and non-ischemic CS, detailing the multi-organ supports needed in this critically ill patient population.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Aissaoui N, Puymirat E, Delmas C, Ortuno S, Durand E, Bataille V, et al. Trends in cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction. Eur J Heart Fail. 2020;22(4):664–72.PubMedCrossRef Aissaoui N, Puymirat E, Delmas C, Ortuno S, Durand E, Bataille V, et al. Trends in cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction. Eur J Heart Fail. 2020;22(4):664–72.PubMedCrossRef
2.
go back to reference Arrigo M, Price S, Baran DA, Pöss J, Aissaoui N, Bayes-Genis A, et al. Optimising clinical trials in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock: a statement from the 2020 Critical Care Clinical Trialists Workshop. Lancet Respir Med. 2021;9(10):1192–202.PubMedCrossRef Arrigo M, Price S, Baran DA, Pöss J, Aissaoui N, Bayes-Genis A, et al. Optimising clinical trials in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock: a statement from the 2020 Critical Care Clinical Trialists Workshop. Lancet Respir Med. 2021;9(10):1192–202.PubMedCrossRef
3.
go back to reference Baran DA, Grines CL, Bailey S, Burkhoff D, Hall SA, Henry TD, et al. SCAI clinical expert consensus statement on the classification of cardiogenic shock: This document was endorsed by the American College of Cardiology (ACC), the American Heart Association (AHA), the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) in April 2019. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2019;94(1):29–37.PubMedCrossRef Baran DA, Grines CL, Bailey S, Burkhoff D, Hall SA, Henry TD, et al. SCAI clinical expert consensus statement on the classification of cardiogenic shock: This document was endorsed by the American College of Cardiology (ACC), the American Heart Association (AHA), the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) in April 2019. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2019;94(1):29–37.PubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Jentzer JC, van Diepen S, Barsness GW, Henry TD, Menon V, Rihal CS, et al. Cardiogenic shock classification to predict mortality in the cardiac intensive care unit. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;74(17):2117–28.PubMedCrossRef Jentzer JC, van Diepen S, Barsness GW, Henry TD, Menon V, Rihal CS, et al. Cardiogenic shock classification to predict mortality in the cardiac intensive care unit. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;74(17):2117–28.PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference van Diepen S, Katz JN, Albert NM, Henry TD, Jacobs AK, Kapur NK, et al. Contemporary management of cardiogenic shock: a scientific statement from the American heart association. Circulation. 2017;136(16):e232–68.PubMed van Diepen S, Katz JN, Albert NM, Henry TD, Jacobs AK, Kapur NK, et al. Contemporary management of cardiogenic shock: a scientific statement from the American heart association. Circulation. 2017;136(16):e232–68.PubMed
6.
go back to reference Gaubert M, Laine M, Resseguier N, Aissaoui N, Puymirat E, Lemesle G, et al. Hemodynamic profiles of cardiogenic shock depending on their etiology. J Clin Med. 2020;9(11):1.CrossRef Gaubert M, Laine M, Resseguier N, Aissaoui N, Puymirat E, Lemesle G, et al. Hemodynamic profiles of cardiogenic shock depending on their etiology. J Clin Med. 2020;9(11):1.CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Abraham J, Blumer V, Burkhoff D, Pahuja M, Sinha SS, Rosner C, et al. Heart failure-related cardiogenic shock: pathophysiology, evaluation and management considerations: review of heart failure-related cardiogenic shock. J Card Fail. 2021;27(10):1126–40.PubMedCrossRef Abraham J, Blumer V, Burkhoff D, Pahuja M, Sinha SS, Rosner C, et al. Heart failure-related cardiogenic shock: pathophysiology, evaluation and management considerations: review of heart failure-related cardiogenic shock. J Card Fail. 2021;27(10):1126–40.PubMedCrossRef
9.
go back to reference Thiele H, Ohman EM, de Waha-Thiele S, Zeymer U, Desch S. Management of cardiogenic shock complicating myocardial infarction: an update 2019. Eur Heart J. 2019;40(32):2671–83.PubMedCrossRef Thiele H, Ohman EM, de Waha-Thiele S, Zeymer U, Desch S. Management of cardiogenic shock complicating myocardial infarction: an update 2019. Eur Heart J. 2019;40(32):2671–83.PubMedCrossRef
10.
11.
go back to reference Tehrani BN, Truesdell AG, Psotka MA, Rosner C, Singh R, Sinha SS, et al. A standardized and comprehensive approach to the management of cardiogenic shock. JACC Heart Fail. 2020;8(11):879–91.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Tehrani BN, Truesdell AG, Psotka MA, Rosner C, Singh R, Sinha SS, et al. A standardized and comprehensive approach to the management of cardiogenic shock. JACC Heart Fail. 2020;8(11):879–91.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
12.
go back to reference Ashruf JF, Bruining HA, Ince C. New insights into the pathophysiology of cardiogenic shock: the role of the microcirculation. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2013;19(5):381–6.PubMedCrossRef Ashruf JF, Bruining HA, Ince C. New insights into the pathophysiology of cardiogenic shock: the role of the microcirculation. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2013;19(5):381–6.PubMedCrossRef
13.
go back to reference den Uil CA, Lagrand WK, van der Ent M, Nieman K, Struijs A, Jewbali LS, et al. Conventional hemodynamic resuscitation may fail to optimize tissue perfusion: an observational study on the effects of dobutamine, enoximone, and norepinephrine in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(8):e103978.CrossRef den Uil CA, Lagrand WK, van der Ent M, Nieman K, Struijs A, Jewbali LS, et al. Conventional hemodynamic resuscitation may fail to optimize tissue perfusion: an observational study on the effects of dobutamine, enoximone, and norepinephrine in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(8):e103978.CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Thayer KL, Zweck E, Ayouty M, Garan AR, Hernandez-Montfort J, Mahr C, et al. Invasive hemodynamic assessment and classification of in-hospital mortality risk among patients with cardiogenic shock. Circ Heart Fail. 2020;13(9):e007099.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Thayer KL, Zweck E, Ayouty M, Garan AR, Hernandez-Montfort J, Mahr C, et al. Invasive hemodynamic assessment and classification of in-hospital mortality risk among patients with cardiogenic shock. Circ Heart Fail. 2020;13(9):e007099.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Bhatt AS, Berg DD, Bohula EA, Alviar CL, Baird-Zars VM, Barnett CF, et al. De novo vs. acute-on-chronic presentations of heart failure-related cardiogenic shock: insights from the critical care cardiology trials network registry. J Card Fail. 2021;27(10):1073–81.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Bhatt AS, Berg DD, Bohula EA, Alviar CL, Baird-Zars VM, Barnett CF, et al. De novo vs. acute-on-chronic presentations of heart failure-related cardiogenic shock: insights from the critical care cardiology trials network registry. J Card Fail. 2021;27(10):1073–81.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Jones TL, Tan MC, Nguyen V, Kearney KE, Maynard CC, Anderson E, et al. Outcome differences in acute vs. acute on chronic heart failure and cardiogenic shock. ESC Heart Fail. 2020;7(3):1118–24.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Jones TL, Tan MC, Nguyen V, Kearney KE, Maynard CC, Anderson E, et al. Outcome differences in acute vs. acute on chronic heart failure and cardiogenic shock. ESC Heart Fail. 2020;7(3):1118–24.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Harjola VP, Parissis J, Brunner-La Rocca HP, Čelutkienė J, Chioncel O, Collins SP, et al. Comprehensive in-hospital monitoring in acute heart failure: applications for clinical practice and future directions for research. A statement from the Acute Heart Failure Committee of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur J Heart Fail. 2018;20(7):1081–99.PubMedCrossRef Harjola VP, Parissis J, Brunner-La Rocca HP, Čelutkienė J, Chioncel O, Collins SP, et al. Comprehensive in-hospital monitoring in acute heart failure: applications for clinical practice and future directions for research. A statement from the Acute Heart Failure Committee of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur J Heart Fail. 2018;20(7):1081–99.PubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Delmas C, Roubille F, Lamblin N, Bonello L, Leurent G, Levy B, et al. Baseline characteristics, management, and predictors of early mortality in cardiogenic shock: insights from the FRENSHOCK registry. ESC Heart Fail. 2022;9(1):408–19.PubMedCrossRef Delmas C, Roubille F, Lamblin N, Bonello L, Leurent G, Levy B, et al. Baseline characteristics, management, and predictors of early mortality in cardiogenic shock: insights from the FRENSHOCK registry. ESC Heart Fail. 2022;9(1):408–19.PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Puymirat E, Fagon JY, Aegerter P, Diehl JL, Monnier A, Hauw-Berlemont C, et al. Cardiogenic shock in intensive care units: evolution of prevalence, patient profile, management and outcomes, 1997–2012. Eur J Heart Fail. 2017;19(2):192–200.PubMedCrossRef Puymirat E, Fagon JY, Aegerter P, Diehl JL, Monnier A, Hauw-Berlemont C, et al. Cardiogenic shock in intensive care units: evolution of prevalence, patient profile, management and outcomes, 1997–2012. Eur J Heart Fail. 2017;19(2):192–200.PubMedCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Aissaoui N, Puymirat E, Simon T, Bonnefoy-Cudraz E, Angoulvant D, Schiele F, et al. Long-term outcome in early survivors of cardiogenic shock at the acute stage of myocardial infarction: a landmark analysis from the French registry of Acute ST-elevation and non-ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction (FAST-MI) Registry. Crit Care. 2014;18(5):516.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Aissaoui N, Puymirat E, Simon T, Bonnefoy-Cudraz E, Angoulvant D, Schiele F, et al. Long-term outcome in early survivors of cardiogenic shock at the acute stage of myocardial infarction: a landmark analysis from the French registry of Acute ST-elevation and non-ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction (FAST-MI) Registry. Crit Care. 2014;18(5):516.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Berg DD, Bohula EA, van Diepen S, Katz JN, Alviar CL, Baird-Zars VM, et al. Epidemiology of shock in contemporary cardiac intensive care units. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2019;12(3):e005618.PubMedCrossRef Berg DD, Bohula EA, van Diepen S, Katz JN, Alviar CL, Baird-Zars VM, et al. Epidemiology of shock in contemporary cardiac intensive care units. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2019;12(3):e005618.PubMedCrossRef
23.
go back to reference Burstein B, Anand V, Ternus B, Tabi M, Anavekar NS, Borlaug BA, et al. Noninvasive echocardiographic cardiac power output predicts mortality in cardiac intensive care unit patients. Am Heart J. 2022;245:149–59.PubMedCrossRef Burstein B, Anand V, Ternus B, Tabi M, Anavekar NS, Borlaug BA, et al. Noninvasive echocardiographic cardiac power output predicts mortality in cardiac intensive care unit patients. Am Heart J. 2022;245:149–59.PubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Jentzer JC, Wiley BM, Anavekar NS, Pislaru SV, Mankad SV, Bennett CE, et al. Noninvasive hemodynamic assessment of shock severity and mortality risk prediction in the cardiac intensive care unit. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2021;14(2):321–32.PubMedCrossRef Jentzer JC, Wiley BM, Anavekar NS, Pislaru SV, Mankad SV, Bennett CE, et al. Noninvasive hemodynamic assessment of shock severity and mortality risk prediction in the cardiac intensive care unit. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2021;14(2):321–32.PubMedCrossRef
25.
go back to reference Jentzer JC, Tabi M, Wiley BM, Singam NSV, Anavekar NS. Echocardiographic correlates of mortality among cardiac intensive care unit patients with cardiogenic shock. Shock. 2022;57(3):336–43.PubMedCrossRef Jentzer JC, Tabi M, Wiley BM, Singam NSV, Anavekar NS. Echocardiographic correlates of mortality among cardiac intensive care unit patients with cardiogenic shock. Shock. 2022;57(3):336–43.PubMedCrossRef
26.
go back to reference Burstein B, van Diepen S, Wiley BM, Anavekar NS, Jentzer JC. Biventricular function and shock severity predict mortality in cardiac ICU patients. Chest. 2022;161(3):697–709.PubMedCrossRef Burstein B, van Diepen S, Wiley BM, Anavekar NS, Jentzer JC. Biventricular function and shock severity predict mortality in cardiac ICU patients. Chest. 2022;161(3):697–709.PubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Levy B, Bastien O, Karim B, Cariou A, Chouihed T, Combes A, et al. Experts’ recommendations for the management of adult patients with cardiogenic shock. Ann Intensive Care. 2015;5(1):52.PubMed Levy B, Bastien O, Karim B, Cariou A, Chouihed T, Combes A, et al. Experts’ recommendations for the management of adult patients with cardiogenic shock. Ann Intensive Care. 2015;5(1):52.PubMed
28.
go back to reference Cecconi M, De Backer D, Antonelli M, Beale R, Bakker J, Hofer C, et al. Consensus on circulatory shock and hemodynamic monitoring. Task force of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Intens Care Med. 2014;40(12):1795–815.CrossRef Cecconi M, De Backer D, Antonelli M, Beale R, Bakker J, Hofer C, et al. Consensus on circulatory shock and hemodynamic monitoring. Task force of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Intens Care Med. 2014;40(12):1795–815.CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Merdji H, Bataille V, Curtiaud A, Bonello L, Roubille F, Levy B, et al. Mottling as a prognosis marker in cardiogenic shock. Ann Intens Care. 2023;13(1):80.CrossRef Merdji H, Bataille V, Curtiaud A, Bonello L, Roubille F, Levy B, et al. Mottling as a prognosis marker in cardiogenic shock. Ann Intens Care. 2023;13(1):80.CrossRef
30.
go back to reference Vincent JL, De Backer D. Oxygen transport—the oxygen delivery controversy. Intens Care Med. 2004;30(11):1990–6.CrossRef Vincent JL, De Backer D. Oxygen transport—the oxygen delivery controversy. Intens Care Med. 2004;30(11):1990–6.CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Mathew R, Fernando Shannon M, Hu K, Parlow S, Di Santo P, Brodie D, et al. Optimal perfusion targets in cardiogenic shock. JACC Adv. 2022;1(2):100034.CrossRef Mathew R, Fernando Shannon M, Hu K, Parlow S, Di Santo P, Brodie D, et al. Optimal perfusion targets in cardiogenic shock. JACC Adv. 2022;1(2):100034.CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Teboul JL, Saugel B, Cecconi M, De Backer D, Hofer CK, Monnet X, et al. Less invasive hemodynamic monitoring in critically ill patients. Intens Care Med. 2016;42(9):1350–9.CrossRef Teboul JL, Saugel B, Cecconi M, De Backer D, Hofer CK, Monnet X, et al. Less invasive hemodynamic monitoring in critically ill patients. Intens Care Med. 2016;42(9):1350–9.CrossRef
33.
go back to reference Mercado P, Maizel J, Beyls C, Titeca-Beauport D, Joris M, Kontar L, et al. Transthoracic echocardiography: an accurate and precise method for estimating cardiac output in the critically ill patient. Crit Care. 2017;21(1):136.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Mercado P, Maizel J, Beyls C, Titeca-Beauport D, Joris M, Kontar L, et al. Transthoracic echocardiography: an accurate and precise method for estimating cardiac output in the critically ill patient. Crit Care. 2017;21(1):136.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
34.
go back to reference McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, Gardner RS, Baumbach A, Böhm M, et al. ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur J Heart Fail. 2022;24(1):4–131.PubMedCrossRef McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, Gardner RS, Baumbach A, Böhm M, et al. ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur J Heart Fail. 2022;24(1):4–131.PubMedCrossRef
35.
go back to reference Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ, Colvin MM, et al. 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2022;145(18):e895-1032.PubMed Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ, Colvin MM, et al. 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2022;145(18):e895-1032.PubMed
36.
go back to reference Basir MB, Kapur NK, Patel K, Salam MA, Schreiber T, Kaki A, et al. Improved outcomes associated with the use of shock protocols: updates from the national cardiogenic shock initiative. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2019;93(7):1173–83.PubMedCrossRef Basir MB, Kapur NK, Patel K, Salam MA, Schreiber T, Kaki A, et al. Improved outcomes associated with the use of shock protocols: updates from the national cardiogenic shock initiative. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2019;93(7):1173–83.PubMedCrossRef
37.
go back to reference Valente S, Lazzeri C, Vecchio S, Giglioli C, Margheri M, Bernardo P, et al. Predictors of in-hospital mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention for cardiogenic shock. Int J Cardiol. 2007;114(2):176–82.PubMedCrossRef Valente S, Lazzeri C, Vecchio S, Giglioli C, Margheri M, Bernardo P, et al. Predictors of in-hospital mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention for cardiogenic shock. Int J Cardiol. 2007;114(2):176–82.PubMedCrossRef
38.
go back to reference Rusnak J, Schupp T, Weidner K, Ruka M, Egner-Walter S, Forner J, et al. Impact of lactate on 30-day all-cause mortality in patients with and without out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to cardiogenic shock. J Clin Med. 2022;11(24):1.CrossRef Rusnak J, Schupp T, Weidner K, Ruka M, Egner-Walter S, Forner J, et al. Impact of lactate on 30-day all-cause mortality in patients with and without out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to cardiogenic shock. J Clin Med. 2022;11(24):1.CrossRef
39.
go back to reference Marbach JA, Di Santo P, Kapur NK, Thayer KL, Simard T, Jung RG, et al. Lactate clearance as a surrogate for mortality in cardiogenic shock: insights from the DOREMI trial. J Am Heart Assoc. 2022;11(6):e023322.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Marbach JA, Di Santo P, Kapur NK, Thayer KL, Simard T, Jung RG, et al. Lactate clearance as a surrogate for mortality in cardiogenic shock: insights from the DOREMI trial. J Am Heart Assoc. 2022;11(6):e023322.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
40.
go back to reference Gattinoni L, Brazzi L, Pelosi P, Latini R, Tognoni G, Pesenti A, et al. A trial of goal-oriented hemodynamic therapy in critically ill patients. SvO2 Collaborative Group. N Engl J Med. 1995;333(16):1025–32.PubMedCrossRef Gattinoni L, Brazzi L, Pelosi P, Latini R, Tognoni G, Pesenti A, et al. A trial of goal-oriented hemodynamic therapy in critically ill patients. SvO2 Collaborative Group. N Engl J Med. 1995;333(16):1025–32.PubMedCrossRef
41.
go back to reference Fincke R, Hochman JS, Lowe AM, Menon V, Slater JN, Webb JG, et al. Cardiac power is the strongest hemodynamic correlate of mortality in cardiogenic shock: a report from the SHOCK trial registry. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;44(2):340–8.PubMedCrossRef Fincke R, Hochman JS, Lowe AM, Menon V, Slater JN, Webb JG, et al. Cardiac power is the strongest hemodynamic correlate of mortality in cardiogenic shock: a report from the SHOCK trial registry. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;44(2):340–8.PubMedCrossRef
42.
go back to reference Zern EK, Wang D, Rambarat P, Bernard S, Paniagua SM, Liu EE, et al. Association of pulmonary artery pulsatility index with adverse cardiovascular events across a hospital-based sample. Circ Heart Fail. 2022;15(2):e009085.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Zern EK, Wang D, Rambarat P, Bernard S, Paniagua SM, Liu EE, et al. Association of pulmonary artery pulsatility index with adverse cardiovascular events across a hospital-based sample. Circ Heart Fail. 2022;15(2):e009085.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
43.
go back to reference Garan AR, Kanwar M, Thayer KL, Whitehead E, Zweck E, Hernandez-Montfort J, et al. Complete hemodynamic profiling with pulmonary artery catheters in cardiogenic shock is associated with lower in-hospital mortality. JACC Heart Fail. 2020;8(11):903–13.PubMedCrossRef Garan AR, Kanwar M, Thayer KL, Whitehead E, Zweck E, Hernandez-Montfort J, et al. Complete hemodynamic profiling with pulmonary artery catheters in cardiogenic shock is associated with lower in-hospital mortality. JACC Heart Fail. 2020;8(11):903–13.PubMedCrossRef
44.
go back to reference Chieffo A, Dudek D, Hassager C, Combes A, Gramegna M, Halvorsen S, et al. Joint EAPCI/ACVC expert consensus document on percutaneous ventricular assist devices. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2021;10(5):570–83.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Chieffo A, Dudek D, Hassager C, Combes A, Gramegna M, Halvorsen S, et al. Joint EAPCI/ACVC expert consensus document on percutaneous ventricular assist devices. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2021;10(5):570–83.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
45.
go back to reference Kadosh BS, Berg DD, Bohula EA, Park JG, Baird-Zars VM, Alviar C, et al. Pulmonary artery catheter use and mortality in the cardiac intensive care unit. JACC Heart Fail. 2023;S2213–1779(23):00193–202. Kadosh BS, Berg DD, Bohula EA, Park JG, Baird-Zars VM, Alviar C, et al. Pulmonary artery catheter use and mortality in the cardiac intensive care unit. JACC Heart Fail. 2023;S2213–1779(23):00193–202.
46.
go back to reference Bertaina M, Galluzzo A, Rossello X, Sbarra P, Petitti E, Prever SB, et al. Prognostic implications of pulmonary artery catheter monitoring in patients with cardiogenic shock: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Crit Care. 2022;69:154024.PubMedCrossRef Bertaina M, Galluzzo A, Rossello X, Sbarra P, Petitti E, Prever SB, et al. Prognostic implications of pulmonary artery catheter monitoring in patients with cardiogenic shock: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Crit Care. 2022;69:154024.PubMedCrossRef
47.
go back to reference Sorajja P, Borlaug BA, Dimas VV, Fang JC, Forfia PR, Givertz MM, et al. SCAI/HFSA clinical expert consensus document on the use of invasive hemodynamics for the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2017;89(7):E233-e247.PubMed Sorajja P, Borlaug BA, Dimas VV, Fang JC, Forfia PR, Givertz MM, et al. SCAI/HFSA clinical expert consensus document on the use of invasive hemodynamics for the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2017;89(7):E233-e247.PubMed
48.
go back to reference Thiele H, Ohman EM, Desch S, Eitel I, de Waha S. Management of cardiogenic shock. Eur Heart J. 2015;36(20):1223–30.PubMedCrossRef Thiele H, Ohman EM, Desch S, Eitel I, de Waha S. Management of cardiogenic shock. Eur Heart J. 2015;36(20):1223–30.PubMedCrossRef
49.
go back to reference Hochman JS, Sleeper LA, Webb JG, Sanborn TA, White HD, Talley JD, et al. Early revascularization in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. SHOCK Investigators. Should We Emergently Revascularize Occluded Coronaries for Cardiogenic Shock. N Engl J Med. 1999;341(9):625–34.PubMedCrossRef Hochman JS, Sleeper LA, Webb JG, Sanborn TA, White HD, Talley JD, et al. Early revascularization in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. SHOCK Investigators. Should We Emergently Revascularize Occluded Coronaries for Cardiogenic Shock. N Engl J Med. 1999;341(9):625–34.PubMedCrossRef
50.
go back to reference Bangalore S, Gupta N, Guo Y, Lala A, Balsam L, Roswell RO, et al. Outcomes with invasive vs. conservative management of cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction. Am J Med. 2015;128(6):601–8.PubMedCrossRef Bangalore S, Gupta N, Guo Y, Lala A, Balsam L, Roswell RO, et al. Outcomes with invasive vs. conservative management of cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction. Am J Med. 2015;128(6):601–8.PubMedCrossRef
51.
go back to reference Holmes DR Jr, Bates ER, Kleiman NS, Sadowski Z, Horgan JH, Morris DC, et al. Contemporary reperfusion therapy for cardiogenic shock: the GUSTO-I trial experience. The GUSTO-I Investigators. Global utilization of streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator for occluded coronary arteries. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;26(3):668–74.PubMedCrossRef Holmes DR Jr, Bates ER, Kleiman NS, Sadowski Z, Horgan JH, Morris DC, et al. Contemporary reperfusion therapy for cardiogenic shock: the GUSTO-I trial experience. The GUSTO-I Investigators. Global utilization of streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator for occluded coronary arteries. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;26(3):668–74.PubMedCrossRef
52.
go back to reference Ibanez B, James S, Agewall S, Antunes MJ, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Bueno H, et al. 2017 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation: The Task Force for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2018;39(2):119–77.PubMedCrossRef Ibanez B, James S, Agewall S, Antunes MJ, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Bueno H, et al. 2017 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation: The Task Force for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2018;39(2):119–77.PubMedCrossRef
53.
go back to reference de Waha S, Jobs A, Eitel I, Pöss J, Stiermaier T, Meyer-Saraei R, et al. Multivessel versus culprit lesion only percutaneous coronary intervention in cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2018;7(1):28–37.PubMedCrossRef de Waha S, Jobs A, Eitel I, Pöss J, Stiermaier T, Meyer-Saraei R, et al. Multivessel versus culprit lesion only percutaneous coronary intervention in cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2018;7(1):28–37.PubMedCrossRef
54.
go back to reference Bauer T, Zeymer U, Hochadel M, Möllmann H, Weidinger F, Zahn R, et al. Use and outcomes of multivessel percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock (from the EHS-PCI Registry). Am J Cardiol. 2012;109(7):941–6.PubMedCrossRef Bauer T, Zeymer U, Hochadel M, Möllmann H, Weidinger F, Zahn R, et al. Use and outcomes of multivessel percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock (from the EHS-PCI Registry). Am J Cardiol. 2012;109(7):941–6.PubMedCrossRef
55.
go back to reference Thiele H, Akin I, Sandri M, Fuernau G, de Waha S, Meyer-Saraei R, et al. PCI strategies in patients with acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(25):2419–32.PubMedCrossRef Thiele H, Akin I, Sandri M, Fuernau G, de Waha S, Meyer-Saraei R, et al. PCI strategies in patients with acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(25):2419–32.PubMedCrossRef
56.
go back to reference Khan MS, Siddiqi TJ, Usman MS, Riaz H, Khan AR, Murad MH, et al. Meta-analysis comparing culprit vessel only versus multivessel percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock. Am J Cardiol. 2019;123(2):218–26.PubMedCrossRef Khan MS, Siddiqi TJ, Usman MS, Riaz H, Khan AR, Murad MH, et al. Meta-analysis comparing culprit vessel only versus multivessel percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock. Am J Cardiol. 2019;123(2):218–26.PubMedCrossRef
57.
go back to reference Thiele H, Zeymer U, Neumann FJ, Ferenc M, Olbrich HG, Hausleiter J, et al. Intraaortic balloon support for myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(14):1287–96.PubMedCrossRef Thiele H, Zeymer U, Neumann FJ, Ferenc M, Olbrich HG, Hausleiter J, et al. Intraaortic balloon support for myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(14):1287–96.PubMedCrossRef
58.
go back to reference Mehta RH, Lopes RD, Ballotta A, Frigiola A, Sketch MH Jr, Bossone E, et al. Percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass surgery for cardiogenic shock and multivessel coronary artery disease? Am Heart J. 2010;159(1):141–7.PubMedCrossRef Mehta RH, Lopes RD, Ballotta A, Frigiola A, Sketch MH Jr, Bossone E, et al. Percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass surgery for cardiogenic shock and multivessel coronary artery disease? Am Heart J. 2010;159(1):141–7.PubMedCrossRef
59.
go back to reference Smilowitz NR, Alviar CL, Katz SD, Hochman JS. Coronary artery bypass grafting versus percutaneous coronary intervention for myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. Am Heart J. 2020;226:255–63.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Smilowitz NR, Alviar CL, Katz SD, Hochman JS. Coronary artery bypass grafting versus percutaneous coronary intervention for myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. Am Heart J. 2020;226:255–63.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
60.
go back to reference Chyou JY, Barkoudah E, Dukes JW, Goldstein LB, Joglar JA, Lee AM, et al. Atrial fibrillation occurring during acute hospitalization: a scientific statement from the American heart association. Circulation. 2023;2023:1. Chyou JY, Barkoudah E, Dukes JW, Goldstein LB, Joglar JA, Lee AM, et al. Atrial fibrillation occurring during acute hospitalization: a scientific statement from the American heart association. Circulation. 2023;2023:1.
61.
go back to reference Balik M, Kolnikova I, Maly M, Waldauf P, Tavazzi G, Kristof J. Propafenone for supraventricular arrhythmias in septic shock-Comparison to amiodarone and metoprolol. J Crit Care. 2017;41:16–23.PubMedCrossRef Balik M, Kolnikova I, Maly M, Waldauf P, Tavazzi G, Kristof J. Propafenone for supraventricular arrhythmias in septic shock-Comparison to amiodarone and metoprolol. J Crit Care. 2017;41:16–23.PubMedCrossRef
62.
go back to reference Nuotio I, Hartikainen JE, Grönberg T, Biancari F, Airaksinen KE. Time to cardioversion for acute atrial fibrillation and thromboembolic complications. JAMA. 2014;312(6):647–9.PubMedCrossRef Nuotio I, Hartikainen JE, Grönberg T, Biancari F, Airaksinen KE. Time to cardioversion for acute atrial fibrillation and thromboembolic complications. JAMA. 2014;312(6):647–9.PubMedCrossRef
63.
go back to reference Wong BM, Perry JJ, Cheng W, Zheng B, Guo K, Taljaard M, et al. Thromboembolic events following cardioversion of acute atrial fibrillation and flutter: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CJEM. 2021;23(4):500–11.PubMedCrossRef Wong BM, Perry JJ, Cheng W, Zheng B, Guo K, Taljaard M, et al. Thromboembolic events following cardioversion of acute atrial fibrillation and flutter: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CJEM. 2021;23(4):500–11.PubMedCrossRef
64.
go back to reference Grönberg T, Hartikainen JE, Nuotio I, Biancari F, Ylitalo A, Airaksinen KE. Anticoagulation, CHA2DS2VASc score, and thromboembolic risk of cardioversion of acute atrial fibrillation (from the FinCV Study). Am J Cardiol. 2016;117(8):1294–8.PubMedCrossRef Grönberg T, Hartikainen JE, Nuotio I, Biancari F, Ylitalo A, Airaksinen KE. Anticoagulation, CHA2DS2VASc score, and thromboembolic risk of cardioversion of acute atrial fibrillation (from the FinCV Study). Am J Cardiol. 2016;117(8):1294–8.PubMedCrossRef
65.
go back to reference Kusumoto FM, Schoenfeld MH, Barrett C, Edgerton JR, Ellenbogen KA, Gold MR, et al. 2018 ACC/AHA/HRS guideline on the evaluation and management of patients with bradycardia and cardiac conduction delay: a report of the American college of cardiology/American heart association task force on clinical practice guidelines and the heart rhythm society. Circulation. 2019;140(8):e382-482.PubMed Kusumoto FM, Schoenfeld MH, Barrett C, Edgerton JR, Ellenbogen KA, Gold MR, et al. 2018 ACC/AHA/HRS guideline on the evaluation and management of patients with bradycardia and cardiac conduction delay: a report of the American college of cardiology/American heart association task force on clinical practice guidelines and the heart rhythm society. Circulation. 2019;140(8):e382-482.PubMed
66.
go back to reference Somoza-Cano FJ, Toledo JF, Amaya-Handal R, Al Armashi AR, Somoza FR. Cardiac resynchronization therapy in cardiogenic shock: a case-based discussion. Cureus. 2021;13(9):e18157.PubMedPubMedCentral Somoza-Cano FJ, Toledo JF, Amaya-Handal R, Al Armashi AR, Somoza FR. Cardiac resynchronization therapy in cardiogenic shock: a case-based discussion. Cureus. 2021;13(9):e18157.PubMedPubMedCentral
67.
go back to reference Keilegavlen H, Nordrehaug JE, Faerestrand S, Fanebust R, Pettersen R, Haaverstad R, et al. Treatment of cardiogenic shock with left ventricular assist device combined with cardiac resynchronization therapy: a case report. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2010;2(5):54.CrossRef Keilegavlen H, Nordrehaug JE, Faerestrand S, Fanebust R, Pettersen R, Haaverstad R, et al. Treatment of cardiogenic shock with left ventricular assist device combined with cardiac resynchronization therapy: a case report. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2010;2(5):54.CrossRef
68.
go back to reference Eitel C, Gaspar T, Bode K, Andrea B, Sommer P, Stoepel C, et al. Temporary left ventricular stimulation in patients with refractory cardiogenic shock and asynchronous left ventricular contraction: a safety and feasibility study. Heart Rhythm. 2013;10(1):46–52.PubMedCrossRef Eitel C, Gaspar T, Bode K, Andrea B, Sommer P, Stoepel C, et al. Temporary left ventricular stimulation in patients with refractory cardiogenic shock and asynchronous left ventricular contraction: a safety and feasibility study. Heart Rhythm. 2013;10(1):46–52.PubMedCrossRef
69.
go back to reference Jentzer JC, Noseworthy PA, Kashou AH, May AM, Chrispin J, Kabra R, et al. Multidisciplinary critical care management of electrical storm: JACC state-of-the-art review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2023;81(22):2189–206.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Jentzer JC, Noseworthy PA, Kashou AH, May AM, Chrispin J, Kabra R, et al. Multidisciplinary critical care management of electrical storm: JACC state-of-the-art review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2023;81(22):2189–206.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
70.
go back to reference Zeppenfeld K, Tfelt-Hansen J, de Riva M, Winkel BG, Behr ER, Blom NA, et al. 2022 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death. Eur Heart J. 2022;43(40):3997–4126.PubMedCrossRef Zeppenfeld K, Tfelt-Hansen J, de Riva M, Winkel BG, Behr ER, Blom NA, et al. 2022 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death. Eur Heart J. 2022;43(40):3997–4126.PubMedCrossRef
71.
go back to reference Martins RP, Urien JM, Barbarot N, Rieul G, Sellal JM, Borella L, et al. Effectiveness of deep sedation for patients with intractable electrical storm refractory to antiarrhythmic drugs. Circulation. 2020;142(16):1599–601.PubMedCrossRef Martins RP, Urien JM, Barbarot N, Rieul G, Sellal JM, Borella L, et al. Effectiveness of deep sedation for patients with intractable electrical storm refractory to antiarrhythmic drugs. Circulation. 2020;142(16):1599–601.PubMedCrossRef
72.
go back to reference Benali K, Martins RP, Guenancia C, Da Costa A, de Chillou C. Ablation vs. antiarrhythmic drug therapy for symptomatic ventricular tachycardias: Is the debate over? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;80(10):e77.PubMedCrossRef Benali K, Martins RP, Guenancia C, Da Costa A, de Chillou C. Ablation vs. antiarrhythmic drug therapy for symptomatic ventricular tachycardias: Is the debate over? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;80(10):e77.PubMedCrossRef
73.
go back to reference Martins RP, Hamel-Bougault M, Bessière F, Pozzi M, Extramiana F, Brouk Z, et al. Heart transplantation as a rescue strategy for patients with refractory electrical storm. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2023;12(9):571–81.PubMedCrossRef Martins RP, Hamel-Bougault M, Bessière F, Pozzi M, Extramiana F, Brouk Z, et al. Heart transplantation as a rescue strategy for patients with refractory electrical storm. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2023;12(9):571–81.PubMedCrossRef
74.
go back to reference Martins RP, Maille B, Bessière F, Benali K, Guenancia C, Algalarrondo V, et al. Left ventricular assist device implantation as a bailout strategy for the management of refractory electrical storm and cardiogenic shock. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2021;14(10):e009853.PubMedCrossRef Martins RP, Maille B, Bessière F, Benali K, Guenancia C, Algalarrondo V, et al. Left ventricular assist device implantation as a bailout strategy for the management of refractory electrical storm and cardiogenic shock. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2021;14(10):e009853.PubMedCrossRef
75.
go back to reference Chioncel O, Parissis J, Mebazaa A, Thiele H, Desch S, Bauersachs J, et al. Epidemiology, pathophysiology and contemporary management of cardiogenic shock—a position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail. 2020;22(8):1315–41.PubMedCrossRef Chioncel O, Parissis J, Mebazaa A, Thiele H, Desch S, Bauersachs J, et al. Epidemiology, pathophysiology and contemporary management of cardiogenic shock—a position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail. 2020;22(8):1315–41.PubMedCrossRef
76.
go back to reference Vahanian A, Beyersdorf F, Praz F, Milojevic M, Baldus S, Bauersachs J, et al. 2021 ESC/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease. Eur Heart J. 2022;43(7):561–632.PubMedCrossRef Vahanian A, Beyersdorf F, Praz F, Milojevic M, Baldus S, Bauersachs J, et al. 2021 ESC/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease. Eur Heart J. 2022;43(7):561–632.PubMedCrossRef
77.
go back to reference Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Erwin JP 3rd, Gentile F, et al. 2020 ACC/AHA guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: executive summary: a report of the American college of cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2021;143(5):e35-71.PubMed Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Erwin JP 3rd, Gentile F, et al. 2020 ACC/AHA guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: executive summary: a report of the American college of cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2021;143(5):e35-71.PubMed
78.
go back to reference Debry N, Kone P, Vincent F, Lemesle G, Delhaye C, Schurtz G, et al. Urgent balloon aortic valvuloplasty in patients with cardiogenic shock related to severe aortic stenosis: time matters. EuroIntervention. 2018;14(5):e519–25.PubMedCrossRef Debry N, Kone P, Vincent F, Lemesle G, Delhaye C, Schurtz G, et al. Urgent balloon aortic valvuloplasty in patients with cardiogenic shock related to severe aortic stenosis: time matters. EuroIntervention. 2018;14(5):e519–25.PubMedCrossRef
79.
go back to reference Frerker C, Schewel J, Schlüter M, Schewel D, Ramadan H, Schmidt T, et al. Emergency transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with cardiogenic shock due to acutely decompensated aortic stenosis. EuroIntervention. 2016;11(13):1530–6.PubMedCrossRef Frerker C, Schewel J, Schlüter M, Schewel D, Ramadan H, Schmidt T, et al. Emergency transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with cardiogenic shock due to acutely decompensated aortic stenosis. EuroIntervention. 2016;11(13):1530–6.PubMedCrossRef
80.
go back to reference Bongiovanni D, Kühl C, Bleiziffer S, Stecher L, Poch F, Greif M, et al. Emergency treatment of decompensated aortic stenosis. Heart. 2018;104(1):23–9.PubMedCrossRef Bongiovanni D, Kühl C, Bleiziffer S, Stecher L, Poch F, Greif M, et al. Emergency treatment of decompensated aortic stenosis. Heart. 2018;104(1):23–9.PubMedCrossRef
81.
go back to reference Piriou PG, Manigold T, Letocart V, Le Ruz R, Schurtz G, Vincent F, et al. Outcomes of emergency transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with cardiogenic shock: a multicenter retrospective study. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2022;99(7):2117–24.PubMedCrossRef Piriou PG, Manigold T, Letocart V, Le Ruz R, Schurtz G, Vincent F, et al. Outcomes of emergency transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with cardiogenic shock: a multicenter retrospective study. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2022;99(7):2117–24.PubMedCrossRef
82.
go back to reference Masha L, Vemulapalli S, Manandhar P, Balan P, Shah P, Kosinski AS, et al. Demographics, procedural characteristics, and clinical outcomes when cardiogenic shock precedes TAVR in the United States. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2020;13(11):1314–25.PubMedCrossRef Masha L, Vemulapalli S, Manandhar P, Balan P, Shah P, Kosinski AS, et al. Demographics, procedural characteristics, and clinical outcomes when cardiogenic shock precedes TAVR in the United States. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2020;13(11):1314–25.PubMedCrossRef
83.
go back to reference Goel K, Shah P, Jones BM, Korngold E, Bhardwaj A, Kar B, et al. Outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with cardiogenic shock. Eur Heart J. 2023;2023:1. Goel K, Shah P, Jones BM, Korngold E, Bhardwaj A, Kar B, et al. Outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with cardiogenic shock. Eur Heart J. 2023;2023:1.
84.
go back to reference Achkouty G, Amabile N, Zannis K, Veugeois A, Caussin C. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement for severe aortic regurgitation with acute refractory cardiogenic shock. Can J Cardiol. 2018;34(3):342.e5-342.e7.PubMedCrossRef Achkouty G, Amabile N, Zannis K, Veugeois A, Caussin C. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement for severe aortic regurgitation with acute refractory cardiogenic shock. Can J Cardiol. 2018;34(3):342.e5-342.e7.PubMedCrossRef
85.
go back to reference Zuern CS, Schreieck J, Weig HJ, Gawaz M, May AE. Percutaneous mitral valve repair using the MitraClip in acute cardiogenic shock. Clin Res Cardiol. 2011;100(8):719–21.PubMedCrossRef Zuern CS, Schreieck J, Weig HJ, Gawaz M, May AE. Percutaneous mitral valve repair using the MitraClip in acute cardiogenic shock. Clin Res Cardiol. 2011;100(8):719–21.PubMedCrossRef
86.
go back to reference Hernández-Enríquez M, Freixa X, Sanchis L, Regueiro A, Burgos F, Navarro R, et al. MitraClip® repair in cardiogenic shock due to acute mitral regurgitation: from near-death to walking. J Heart Valve Dis. 2018;27(1):114–6.PubMed Hernández-Enríquez M, Freixa X, Sanchis L, Regueiro A, Burgos F, Navarro R, et al. MitraClip® repair in cardiogenic shock due to acute mitral regurgitation: from near-death to walking. J Heart Valve Dis. 2018;27(1):114–6.PubMed
87.
go back to reference Simard T, Vemulapalli S, Jung RG, Vekstein A, Stebbins A, Holmes DR, et al. Transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repair in patients with severe mitral regurgitation and cardiogenic shock. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;80(22):2072–84.PubMedCrossRef Simard T, Vemulapalli S, Jung RG, Vekstein A, Stebbins A, Holmes DR, et al. Transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repair in patients with severe mitral regurgitation and cardiogenic shock. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;80(22):2072–84.PubMedCrossRef
88.
go back to reference Lokhandwala YY, Banker D, Vora AM, Kerkar PG, Deshpande JR, Kulkarni HL, et al. Emergent balloon mitral valvotomy in patients presenting with cardiac arrest, cardiogenic shock or refractory pulmonary edema. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;32(1):154–8.PubMedCrossRef Lokhandwala YY, Banker D, Vora AM, Kerkar PG, Deshpande JR, Kulkarni HL, et al. Emergent balloon mitral valvotomy in patients presenting with cardiac arrest, cardiogenic shock or refractory pulmonary edema. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;32(1):154–8.PubMedCrossRef
89.
go back to reference Ananthakrishna Pillai A, Ramasamy C, V SG, Kottyath H. Outcomes following balloon mitral valvuloplasty in pregnant females with mitral stenosis and significant sub valve disease with severe decompensated heart failure. J Interv Cardiol. 2018;31(4):525–31. Ananthakrishna Pillai A, Ramasamy C, V SG, Kottyath H. Outcomes following balloon mitral valvuloplasty in pregnant females with mitral stenosis and significant sub valve disease with severe decompensated heart failure. J Interv Cardiol. 2018;31(4):525–31.
90.
go back to reference Du Z, Jia Z, Wang J, Xing Z, Jiang C, Xu B, et al. Effect of increasing mean arterial blood pressure on microcirculation in patients with cardiogenic shock supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2018;70(1):27–37.PubMedCrossRef Du Z, Jia Z, Wang J, Xing Z, Jiang C, Xu B, et al. Effect of increasing mean arterial blood pressure on microcirculation in patients with cardiogenic shock supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2018;70(1):27–37.PubMedCrossRef
91.
go back to reference Ameloot K, Jakkula P, Hästbacka J, Reinikainen M, Pettilä V, Loisa P, et al. Optimum blood pressure in patients with shock after acute myocardial infarction and cardiac arrest. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(7):812–24.PubMedCrossRef Ameloot K, Jakkula P, Hästbacka J, Reinikainen M, Pettilä V, Loisa P, et al. Optimum blood pressure in patients with shock after acute myocardial infarction and cardiac arrest. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(7):812–24.PubMedCrossRef
92.
go back to reference Parlow S, Di Santo P, Mathew R, Jung RG, Simard T, Gillmore T, et al. The association between mean arterial pressure and outcomes in patients with cardiogenic shock: insights from the DOREMI trial. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2021;10(7):712–20.PubMedCrossRef Parlow S, Di Santo P, Mathew R, Jung RG, Simard T, Gillmore T, et al. The association between mean arterial pressure and outcomes in patients with cardiogenic shock: insights from the DOREMI trial. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2021;10(7):712–20.PubMedCrossRef
93.
go back to reference Perez P, Kimmoun A, Blime V, Levy B. Increasing mean arterial pressure in cardiogenic shock secondary to myocardial infarction: effects on hemodynamics and tissue oxygenation. Shock. 2014;41(4):269–74.PubMedCrossRef Perez P, Kimmoun A, Blime V, Levy B. Increasing mean arterial pressure in cardiogenic shock secondary to myocardial infarction: effects on hemodynamics and tissue oxygenation. Shock. 2014;41(4):269–74.PubMedCrossRef
94.
go back to reference De Backer D, Biston P, Devriendt J, Madl C, Chochrad D, Aldecoa C, et al. Comparison of dopamine and norepinephrine in the treatment of shock. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(9):779–89.PubMedCrossRef De Backer D, Biston P, Devriendt J, Madl C, Chochrad D, Aldecoa C, et al. Comparison of dopamine and norepinephrine in the treatment of shock. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(9):779–89.PubMedCrossRef
95.
go back to reference Levy B, Clere-Jehl R, Legras A, Morichau-Beauchant T, Leone M, Frederique G, et al. Epinephrine versus norepinephrine for cardiogenic shock after acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72(2):173–82.PubMedCrossRef Levy B, Clere-Jehl R, Legras A, Morichau-Beauchant T, Leone M, Frederique G, et al. Epinephrine versus norepinephrine for cardiogenic shock after acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72(2):173–82.PubMedCrossRef
96.
go back to reference Léopold V, Gayat E, Pirracchio R, Spinar J, Parenica J, Tarvasmäki T, et al. Epinephrine and short-term survival in cardiogenic shock: an individual data meta-analysis of 2583 patients. Intensive Care Med. 2018;44(6):847–56.PubMedCrossRef Léopold V, Gayat E, Pirracchio R, Spinar J, Parenica J, Tarvasmäki T, et al. Epinephrine and short-term survival in cardiogenic shock: an individual data meta-analysis of 2583 patients. Intensive Care Med. 2018;44(6):847–56.PubMedCrossRef
97.
go back to reference Bougouin W, Slimani K, Renaudier M, Binois Y, Paul M, Dumas F, et al. Epinephrine versus norepinephrine in cardiac arrest patients with post-resuscitation shock. Intensive Care Med. 2022;48(3):300–10.PubMedCrossRef Bougouin W, Slimani K, Renaudier M, Binois Y, Paul M, Dumas F, et al. Epinephrine versus norepinephrine in cardiac arrest patients with post-resuscitation shock. Intensive Care Med. 2022;48(3):300–10.PubMedCrossRef
98.
go back to reference Levy B, Perez P, Perny J, Thivilier C, Gerard A. Comparison of norepinephrine-dobutamine to epinephrine for hemodynamics, lactate metabolism, and organ function variables in cardiogenic shock. A prospective, randomized pilot study. Crit Care Med. 2011;39(3):450–5.PubMedCrossRef Levy B, Perez P, Perny J, Thivilier C, Gerard A. Comparison of norepinephrine-dobutamine to epinephrine for hemodynamics, lactate metabolism, and organ function variables in cardiogenic shock. A prospective, randomized pilot study. Crit Care Med. 2011;39(3):450–5.PubMedCrossRef
99.
go back to reference Mathew R, Di Santo P, Jung RG, Marbach JA, Hutson J, Simard T, et al. Milrinone as compared with dobutamine in the treatment of cardiogenic shock. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(6):516–25.PubMedCrossRef Mathew R, Di Santo P, Jung RG, Marbach JA, Hutson J, Simard T, et al. Milrinone as compared with dobutamine in the treatment of cardiogenic shock. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(6):516–25.PubMedCrossRef
100.
go back to reference Mebazaa A, Nieminen MS, Packer M, Cohen-Solal A, Kleber FX, Pocock SJ, et al. Levosimendan vs. dobutamine for patients with acute decompensated heart failure: the SURVIVE Randomized Trial. JAMA. 2007;297(17):1883–91.PubMedCrossRef Mebazaa A, Nieminen MS, Packer M, Cohen-Solal A, Kleber FX, Pocock SJ, et al. Levosimendan vs. dobutamine for patients with acute decompensated heart failure: the SURVIVE Randomized Trial. JAMA. 2007;297(17):1883–91.PubMedCrossRef
101.
go back to reference Uhlig K, Efremov L, Tongers J, Frantz S, Mikolajczyk R, Sedding D, et al. Inotropic agents and vasodilator strategies for the treatment of cardiogenic shock or low cardiac output syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;11(11):Cd009669.PubMed Uhlig K, Efremov L, Tongers J, Frantz S, Mikolajczyk R, Sedding D, et al. Inotropic agents and vasodilator strategies for the treatment of cardiogenic shock or low cardiac output syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;11(11):Cd009669.PubMed
102.
go back to reference Packer M, Colucci W, Fisher L, Massie BM, Teerlink JR, Young J, et al. Effect of levosimendan on the short-term clinical course of patients with acutely decompensated heart failure. JACC Heart Fail. 2013;1(2):103–11.PubMedCrossRef Packer M, Colucci W, Fisher L, Massie BM, Teerlink JR, Young J, et al. Effect of levosimendan on the short-term clinical course of patients with acutely decompensated heart failure. JACC Heart Fail. 2013;1(2):103–11.PubMedCrossRef
103.
go back to reference Landoni G, Biondi-Zoccai G, Greco M, Greco T, Bignami E, Morelli A, et al. Effects of levosimendan on mortality and hospitalization. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. Crit Care Med. 2012;40(2):634–46.PubMedCrossRef Landoni G, Biondi-Zoccai G, Greco M, Greco T, Bignami E, Morelli A, et al. Effects of levosimendan on mortality and hospitalization. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. Crit Care Med. 2012;40(2):634–46.PubMedCrossRef
104.
go back to reference Mebazaa A, Nieminen MS, Filippatos GS, Cleland JG, Salon JE, Thakkar R, et al. Levosimendan vs. dobutamine: outcomes for acute heart failure patients on beta-blockers in SURVIVE. Eur J Heart Fail. 2009;11(3):304–11.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Mebazaa A, Nieminen MS, Filippatos GS, Cleland JG, Salon JE, Thakkar R, et al. Levosimendan vs. dobutamine: outcomes for acute heart failure patients on beta-blockers in SURVIVE. Eur J Heart Fail. 2009;11(3):304–11.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
105.
go back to reference Masip J, Peacock WF, Price S, Cullen L, Martin-Sanchez FJ, Seferovic P, et al. Indications and practical approach to non-invasive ventilation in acute heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(1):17–25.PubMedCrossRef Masip J, Peacock WF, Price S, Cullen L, Martin-Sanchez FJ, Seferovic P, et al. Indications and practical approach to non-invasive ventilation in acute heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(1):17–25.PubMedCrossRef
106.
go back to reference Alviar CL, Miller PE, McAreavey D, Katz JN, Lee B, Moriyama B, et al. Positive pressure ventilation in the cardiac intensive care unit. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72(13):1532–53.PubMedCrossRef Alviar CL, Miller PE, McAreavey D, Katz JN, Lee B, Moriyama B, et al. Positive pressure ventilation in the cardiac intensive care unit. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72(13):1532–53.PubMedCrossRef
107.
go back to reference Chadda K, Annane D, Hart N, Gajdos P, Raphaël JC, Lofaso F. Cardiac and respiratory effects of continuous positive airway pressure and noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiac pulmonary edema. Crit Care Med. 2002;30(11):2457–61.PubMedCrossRef Chadda K, Annane D, Hart N, Gajdos P, Raphaël JC, Lofaso F. Cardiac and respiratory effects of continuous positive airway pressure and noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiac pulmonary edema. Crit Care Med. 2002;30(11):2457–61.PubMedCrossRef
108.
go back to reference Masip J, Betbesé AJ, Páez J, Vecilla F, Cañizares R, Padró J, et al. Non-invasive pressure support ventilation versus conventional oxygen therapy in acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2000;356(9248):2126–32.PubMedCrossRef Masip J, Betbesé AJ, Páez J, Vecilla F, Cañizares R, Padró J, et al. Non-invasive pressure support ventilation versus conventional oxygen therapy in acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2000;356(9248):2126–32.PubMedCrossRef
109.
go back to reference Gray A, Goodacre S, Newby DE, Masson M, Sampson F, Nicholl J. Noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(2):142–51.PubMedCrossRef Gray A, Goodacre S, Newby DE, Masson M, Sampson F, Nicholl J. Noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(2):142–51.PubMedCrossRef
110.
go back to reference Metkus TS, Albaeni A, Chandra-Strobos N, Eid SM. Incidence and prognostic impact of respiratory support in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 2017;119(2):171–7.PubMedCrossRef Metkus TS, Albaeni A, Chandra-Strobos N, Eid SM. Incidence and prognostic impact of respiratory support in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 2017;119(2):171–7.PubMedCrossRef
111.
go back to reference Kulkarni VT, Kim N, Dai Y, Dharmarajan K, Safavi KC, Bikdeli B, et al. Hospital variation in noninvasive positive pressure ventilation for acute decompensated heart failure. Circ Heart Fail. 2014;7(3):427–33.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Kulkarni VT, Kim N, Dai Y, Dharmarajan K, Safavi KC, Bikdeli B, et al. Hospital variation in noninvasive positive pressure ventilation for acute decompensated heart failure. Circ Heart Fail. 2014;7(3):427–33.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
112.
go back to reference Vital FM, Ladeira MT, Atallah AN. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (CPAP or bilevel NPPV) for cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;5:Cd005351. Vital FM, Ladeira MT, Atallah AN. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (CPAP or bilevel NPPV) for cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;5:Cd005351.
113.
go back to reference Weng CL, Zhao YT, Liu QH, Fu CJ, Sun F, Ma YL, et al. Meta-analysis: noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Ann Intern Med. 2010;152(9):590–600.PubMedCrossRef Weng CL, Zhao YT, Liu QH, Fu CJ, Sun F, Ma YL, et al. Meta-analysis: noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Ann Intern Med. 2010;152(9):590–600.PubMedCrossRef
114.
go back to reference Mebazaa A, Yilmaz MB, Levy P, Ponikowski P, Peacock WF, Laribi S, et al. Recommendations on pre-hospital & early hospital management of acute heart failure: a consensus paper from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology, the European Society of Emergency Medicine and the Society of Academic Emergency Medicine. Eur J Heart Fail. 2015;17(6):544–58.PubMedCrossRef Mebazaa A, Yilmaz MB, Levy P, Ponikowski P, Peacock WF, Laribi S, et al. Recommendations on pre-hospital & early hospital management of acute heart failure: a consensus paper from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology, the European Society of Emergency Medicine and the Society of Academic Emergency Medicine. Eur J Heart Fail. 2015;17(6):544–58.PubMedCrossRef
115.
go back to reference Hongisto M, Lassus J, Tarvasmaki T, Sionis A, Tolppanen H, Lindholm MG, et al. Use of noninvasive and invasive mechanical ventilation in cardiogenic shock: a prospective multicenter study. Int J Cardiol. 2017;1(230):191–7.CrossRef Hongisto M, Lassus J, Tarvasmaki T, Sionis A, Tolppanen H, Lindholm MG, et al. Use of noninvasive and invasive mechanical ventilation in cardiogenic shock: a prospective multicenter study. Int J Cardiol. 2017;1(230):191–7.CrossRef
116.
go back to reference Girault C, Briel A, Benichou J, Hellot MF, Dachraoui F, Tamion F, et al. Interface strategy during noninvasive positive pressure ventilation for hypercapnic acute respiratory failure. Crit Care Med. 2009;37(1):124–31.PubMedCrossRef Girault C, Briel A, Benichou J, Hellot MF, Dachraoui F, Tamion F, et al. Interface strategy during noninvasive positive pressure ventilation for hypercapnic acute respiratory failure. Crit Care Med. 2009;37(1):124–31.PubMedCrossRef
117.
go back to reference Belenguer-Muncharaz A, Mateu-Campos L, González-Luís R, Vidal-Tegedor B, Ferrándiz-Sellés A, Árguedas-Cervera J, et al. Non-invasive mechanical ventilation versus continuous positive airway pressure relating to cardiogenic pulmonary edema in an intensive care unit. Arch Bronconeumol. 2017;53(10):561–7.PubMedCrossRef Belenguer-Muncharaz A, Mateu-Campos L, González-Luís R, Vidal-Tegedor B, Ferrándiz-Sellés A, Árguedas-Cervera J, et al. Non-invasive mechanical ventilation versus continuous positive airway pressure relating to cardiogenic pulmonary edema in an intensive care unit. Arch Bronconeumol. 2017;53(10):561–7.PubMedCrossRef
118.
119.
go back to reference Frat JP, Thille AW, Mercat A, Girault C, Ragot S, Perbet S, et al. High-flow oxygen through nasal cannula in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(23):2185–96.PubMedCrossRef Frat JP, Thille AW, Mercat A, Girault C, Ragot S, Perbet S, et al. High-flow oxygen through nasal cannula in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(23):2185–96.PubMedCrossRef
120.
go back to reference Stéphan F, Barrucand B, Petit P, Rézaiguia-Delclaux S, Médard A, Delannoy B, et al. High-flow nasal oxygen vs. noninvasive positive airway pressure in hypoxemic patients after cardiothoracic surgery: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015;313(23):2331–9.PubMedCrossRef Stéphan F, Barrucand B, Petit P, Rézaiguia-Delclaux S, Médard A, Delannoy B, et al. High-flow nasal oxygen vs. noninvasive positive airway pressure in hypoxemic patients after cardiothoracic surgery: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015;313(23):2331–9.PubMedCrossRef
121.
go back to reference van Diepen S, Hochman JS, Stebbins A, Alviar CL, Alexander JH, Lopes RD. Association between delays in mechanical ventilation initiation and mortality in patients with refractory cardiogenic shock. JAMA Cardiol. 2020;5(8):965–7.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef van Diepen S, Hochman JS, Stebbins A, Alviar CL, Alexander JH, Lopes RD. Association between delays in mechanical ventilation initiation and mortality in patients with refractory cardiogenic shock. JAMA Cardiol. 2020;5(8):965–7.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
122.
go back to reference Scharf SM, Bianco JA, Tow DE, Brown R. The effects of large negative intrathoracic pressure on left ventricular function in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation. 1981;63(4):871–5.PubMedCrossRef Scharf SM, Bianco JA, Tow DE, Brown R. The effects of large negative intrathoracic pressure on left ventricular function in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation. 1981;63(4):871–5.PubMedCrossRef
123.
go back to reference Girardis M, Busani S, Damiani E, Donati A, Rinaldi L, Marudi A, et al. Effect of conservative vs. conventional oxygen therapy on mortality among patients in an intensive care unit: the oxygen-ICU randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2016;316(15):1583–9.PubMedCrossRef Girardis M, Busani S, Damiani E, Donati A, Rinaldi L, Marudi A, et al. Effect of conservative vs. conventional oxygen therapy on mortality among patients in an intensive care unit: the oxygen-ICU randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2016;316(15):1583–9.PubMedCrossRef
124.
go back to reference Stub D, Smith K, Bernard S, Nehme Z, Stephenson M, Bray JE, et al. Air versus oxygen in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2015;131(24):2143–50.PubMedCrossRef Stub D, Smith K, Bernard S, Nehme Z, Stephenson M, Bray JE, et al. Air versus oxygen in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2015;131(24):2143–50.PubMedCrossRef
125.
go back to reference Roberts BW, Kilgannon JH, Hunter BR, Puskarich MA, Pierce L, Donnino M, et al. Association between early hyperoxia exposure after resuscitation from cardiac arrest and neurological disability: prospective multicenter protocol-directed cohort study. Circulation. 2018;137(20):2114–24.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Roberts BW, Kilgannon JH, Hunter BR, Puskarich MA, Pierce L, Donnino M, et al. Association between early hyperoxia exposure after resuscitation from cardiac arrest and neurological disability: prospective multicenter protocol-directed cohort study. Circulation. 2018;137(20):2114–24.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
126.
go back to reference Shorofsky M, Jayaraman D, Lellouche F, Husa R, Lipes J. Mechanical ventilation with high tidal volume and associated mortality in the cardiac intensive care unit. Acute Card Care. 2014;16(1):9–14.PubMedCrossRef Shorofsky M, Jayaraman D, Lellouche F, Husa R, Lipes J. Mechanical ventilation with high tidal volume and associated mortality in the cardiac intensive care unit. Acute Card Care. 2014;16(1):9–14.PubMedCrossRef
127.
go back to reference Marenzi G, Assanelli E, Campodonico J, De Metrio M, Lauri G, Marana I, et al. Acute kidney injury in ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock at admission. Crit Care Med. 2010;38(2):438–44.PubMedCrossRef Marenzi G, Assanelli E, Campodonico J, De Metrio M, Lauri G, Marana I, et al. Acute kidney injury in ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock at admission. Crit Care Med. 2010;38(2):438–44.PubMedCrossRef
128.
go back to reference Tarvasmäki T, Haapio M, Mebazaa A, Sionis A, Silva-Cardoso J, Tolppanen H, et al. Acute kidney injury in cardiogenic shock: definitions, incidence, haemodynamic alterations, and mortality. Eur J Heart Fail. 2018;20(3):572–81.PubMedCrossRef Tarvasmäki T, Haapio M, Mebazaa A, Sionis A, Silva-Cardoso J, Tolppanen H, et al. Acute kidney injury in cardiogenic shock: definitions, incidence, haemodynamic alterations, and mortality. Eur J Heart Fail. 2018;20(3):572–81.PubMedCrossRef
129.
go back to reference Lauridsen MD, Gammelager H, Schmidt M, Rasmussen TB, Shaw RE, Bøtker HE, et al. Acute kidney injury treated with renal replacement therapy and 5-year mortality after myocardial infarction-related cardiogenic shock: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Crit Care. 2015;30(19):452.CrossRef Lauridsen MD, Gammelager H, Schmidt M, Rasmussen TB, Shaw RE, Bøtker HE, et al. Acute kidney injury treated with renal replacement therapy and 5-year mortality after myocardial infarction-related cardiogenic shock: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Crit Care. 2015;30(19):452.CrossRef
130.
go back to reference Koreny M, Karth GD, Geppert A, Neunteufl T, Priglinger U, Heinz G, et al. Prognosis of patients who develop acute renal failure during the first 24 hours of cardiogenic shock after myocardial infarction. Am J Med. 2002;112(2):115–9.PubMedCrossRef Koreny M, Karth GD, Geppert A, Neunteufl T, Priglinger U, Heinz G, et al. Prognosis of patients who develop acute renal failure during the first 24 hours of cardiogenic shock after myocardial infarction. Am J Med. 2002;112(2):115–9.PubMedCrossRef
131.
go back to reference Rodenas-Alesina E, Wang VN, Brahmbhatt DH, Scolari FL, Mihajlovic V, Fung NL, et al. CALL-K score: predicting the need for renal replacement therapy in cardiogenic shock. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2022;11(5):377–85.PubMedCrossRef Rodenas-Alesina E, Wang VN, Brahmbhatt DH, Scolari FL, Mihajlovic V, Fung NL, et al. CALL-K score: predicting the need for renal replacement therapy in cardiogenic shock. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2022;11(5):377–85.PubMedCrossRef
132.
go back to reference Patarroyo M, Wehbe E, Hanna M, Taylor DO, Starling RC, Demirjian S, et al. Cardiorenal outcomes after slow continuous ultrafiltration therapy in refractory patients with advanced decompensated heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60(19):1906–12.PubMedCrossRef Patarroyo M, Wehbe E, Hanna M, Taylor DO, Starling RC, Demirjian S, et al. Cardiorenal outcomes after slow continuous ultrafiltration therapy in refractory patients with advanced decompensated heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60(19):1906–12.PubMedCrossRef
133.
go back to reference Bart BA, Goldsmith SR, Lee KL, Givertz MM, O’Connor CM, Bull DA, et al. Ultrafiltration in decompensated heart failure with cardiorenal syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(24):2296–304.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Bart BA, Goldsmith SR, Lee KL, Givertz MM, O’Connor CM, Bull DA, et al. Ultrafiltration in decompensated heart failure with cardiorenal syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(24):2296–304.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
134.
go back to reference Gaudry S, Hajage D, Schortgen F, Martin-Lefevre L, Pons B, Boulet E, et al. Initiation strategies for renal-replacement therapy in the intensive care unit. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(2):122–33.PubMedCrossRef Gaudry S, Hajage D, Schortgen F, Martin-Lefevre L, Pons B, Boulet E, et al. Initiation strategies for renal-replacement therapy in the intensive care unit. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(2):122–33.PubMedCrossRef
135.
go back to reference Gaudry S, Hajage D, Martin-Lefevre L, Lebbah S, Louis G, Moschietto S, et al. Comparison of two delayed strategies for renal replacement therapy initiation for severe acute kidney injury (AKIKI 2): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet. 2021;397(10281):1293–300.PubMedCrossRef Gaudry S, Hajage D, Martin-Lefevre L, Lebbah S, Louis G, Moschietto S, et al. Comparison of two delayed strategies for renal replacement therapy initiation for severe acute kidney injury (AKIKI 2): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet. 2021;397(10281):1293–300.PubMedCrossRef
136.
go back to reference Li SY, Yang WC, Chuang CL. Effect of early and intensive continuous venovenous hemofiltration on patients with cardiogenic shock and acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014;148(4):1628–33.PubMedCrossRef Li SY, Yang WC, Chuang CL. Effect of early and intensive continuous venovenous hemofiltration on patients with cardiogenic shock and acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014;148(4):1628–33.PubMedCrossRef
137.
go back to reference Bernhardt AM, Copeland H, Deswal A, Gluck J, Givertz MM. The international society for heart and lung transplantation/heart failure society of America guideline on acute mechanical circulatory support. J Heart Lung Transpl. 2023;42(4):e1-64.CrossRef Bernhardt AM, Copeland H, Deswal A, Gluck J, Givertz MM. The international society for heart and lung transplantation/heart failure society of America guideline on acute mechanical circulatory support. J Heart Lung Transpl. 2023;42(4):e1-64.CrossRef
138.
go back to reference Tehrani BN, Truesdell AG, Sherwood MW, Desai S, Tran HA, Epps KC, et al. Standardized team-based care for cardiogenic shock. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73(13):1659–69.PubMedCrossRef Tehrani BN, Truesdell AG, Sherwood MW, Desai S, Tran HA, Epps KC, et al. Standardized team-based care for cardiogenic shock. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73(13):1659–69.PubMedCrossRef
139.
go back to reference Taleb I, Koliopoulou AG, Tandar A, McKellar SH, Tonna JE, Nativi-Nicolau J, et al. Shock team approach in refractory cardiogenic shock requiring short-term mechanical circulatory support: a proof of concept. Circulation. 2019;140(1):98–100.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Taleb I, Koliopoulou AG, Tandar A, McKellar SH, Tonna JE, Nativi-Nicolau J, et al. Shock team approach in refractory cardiogenic shock requiring short-term mechanical circulatory support: a proof of concept. Circulation. 2019;140(1):98–100.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
140.
go back to reference Schrage B, Ibrahim K, Loehn T, Werner N, Sinning JM, Pappalardo F, et al. Impella support for acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. Circulation. 2019;139(10):1249–58.PubMedCrossRef Schrage B, Ibrahim K, Loehn T, Werner N, Sinning JM, Pappalardo F, et al. Impella support for acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. Circulation. 2019;139(10):1249–58.PubMedCrossRef
141.
go back to reference Dhruva SS, Ross JS, Mortazavi BJ, Hurley NC, Krumholz HM, Curtis JP, et al. Association of use of an intravascular microaxial left ventricular assist device vs. intra-aortic balloon pump with in-hospital mortality and major bleeding among patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. JAMA. 2020;323(8):734–45.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Dhruva SS, Ross JS, Mortazavi BJ, Hurley NC, Krumholz HM, Curtis JP, et al. Association of use of an intravascular microaxial left ventricular assist device vs. intra-aortic balloon pump with in-hospital mortality and major bleeding among patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. JAMA. 2020;323(8):734–45.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
142.
go back to reference Seyfarth M, Sibbing D, Bauer I, Fröhlich G, Bott-Flügel L, Byrne R, et al. A randomized clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a percutaneous left ventricular assist device versus intra-aortic balloon pumping for treatment of cardiogenic shock caused by myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;52(19):1584–8.PubMedCrossRef Seyfarth M, Sibbing D, Bauer I, Fröhlich G, Bott-Flügel L, Byrne R, et al. A randomized clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a percutaneous left ventricular assist device versus intra-aortic balloon pumping for treatment of cardiogenic shock caused by myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;52(19):1584–8.PubMedCrossRef
143.
go back to reference Ouweneel DM, Eriksen E, Sjauw KD, van Dongen IM, Hirsch A, Packer EJ, et al. Percutaneous mechanical circulatory support versus intra-aortic balloon pump in cardiogenic shock after acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;69(3):278–87.PubMedCrossRef Ouweneel DM, Eriksen E, Sjauw KD, van Dongen IM, Hirsch A, Packer EJ, et al. Percutaneous mechanical circulatory support versus intra-aortic balloon pump in cardiogenic shock after acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;69(3):278–87.PubMedCrossRef
144.
go back to reference Bogerd M, Ten Berg S, Peters EJ, Vlaar APJ, Engström AE, Otterspoor LC, et al. Impella and venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction. Eur J Heart Fail. 2023;2023:1. Bogerd M, Ten Berg S, Peters EJ, Vlaar APJ, Engström AE, Otterspoor LC, et al. Impella and venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction. Eur J Heart Fail. 2023;2023:1.
145.
go back to reference Combes A, Leprince P, Luyt CE, Bonnet N, Trouillet JL, Léger P, et al. Outcomes and long-term quality-of-life of patients supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for refractory cardiogenic shock. Crit Care Med. 2008;36(5):1404–11.PubMedCrossRef Combes A, Leprince P, Luyt CE, Bonnet N, Trouillet JL, Léger P, et al. Outcomes and long-term quality-of-life of patients supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for refractory cardiogenic shock. Crit Care Med. 2008;36(5):1404–11.PubMedCrossRef
146.
go back to reference Sheu JJ, Tsai TH, Lee FY, Fang HY, Sun CK, Leu S, et al. Early extracorporeal membrane oxygenator-assisted primary percutaneous coronary intervention improved 30-day clinical outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction complicated with profound cardiogenic shock. Crit Care Med. 2010;38(9):1810–7.PubMedCrossRef Sheu JJ, Tsai TH, Lee FY, Fang HY, Sun CK, Leu S, et al. Early extracorporeal membrane oxygenator-assisted primary percutaneous coronary intervention improved 30-day clinical outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction complicated with profound cardiogenic shock. Crit Care Med. 2010;38(9):1810–7.PubMedCrossRef
147.
go back to reference Elsharkawy HA, Li L, Esa WA, Sessler DI, Bashour CA. Outcome in patients who require venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support after cardiac surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2010;24(6):946–51.PubMedCrossRef Elsharkawy HA, Li L, Esa WA, Sessler DI, Bashour CA. Outcome in patients who require venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support after cardiac surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2010;24(6):946–51.PubMedCrossRef
148.
go back to reference Lorusso R, Centofanti P, Gelsomino S, Barili F, Di Mauro M, Orlando P, et al. Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for acute fulminant myocarditis in adult patients: a 5-year multi-institutional experience. Ann Thorac Surg. 2016;101(3):919–26.PubMedCrossRef Lorusso R, Centofanti P, Gelsomino S, Barili F, Di Mauro M, Orlando P, et al. Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for acute fulminant myocarditis in adult patients: a 5-year multi-institutional experience. Ann Thorac Surg. 2016;101(3):919–26.PubMedCrossRef
149.
go back to reference Danial P, Olivier ME, Bréchot N, Ponnaiah M, Schoell T, D’Alessandro C, et al. Association between shock etiology and 5-year outcomes after venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2023;81(9):897–909.PubMedCrossRef Danial P, Olivier ME, Bréchot N, Ponnaiah M, Schoell T, D’Alessandro C, et al. Association between shock etiology and 5-year outcomes after venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2023;81(9):897–909.PubMedCrossRef
150.
go back to reference Banning AS, Adriaenssens T, Berry C, Bogaerts K, Erglis A, Distelmaier K, et al. Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in patients with cardiogenic shock: rationale and design of the randomised, multicentre, open-label EURO SHOCK trial. EuroIntervention. 2021;16(15):e1227–36.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Banning AS, Adriaenssens T, Berry C, Bogaerts K, Erglis A, Distelmaier K, et al. Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in patients with cardiogenic shock: rationale and design of the randomised, multicentre, open-label EURO SHOCK trial. EuroIntervention. 2021;16(15):e1227–36.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
151.
go back to reference Ostadal P, Rokyta R, Karasek J, Kruger A, Vondrakova D, Janotka M, et al. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the therapy of cardiogenic shock: results of the ECMO-CS randomized clinical trial. Circulation. 2023;147(6):454–64.PubMedCrossRef Ostadal P, Rokyta R, Karasek J, Kruger A, Vondrakova D, Janotka M, et al. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the therapy of cardiogenic shock: results of the ECMO-CS randomized clinical trial. Circulation. 2023;147(6):454–64.PubMedCrossRef
152.
go back to reference Thiele H, Zeymer U, Akin I, Behnes M, Rassaf T, Mahabadi AA, et al. Extracorporeal life support in infarct-related cardiogenic shock. N Engl J Med. 2023;2023:1. Thiele H, Zeymer U, Akin I, Behnes M, Rassaf T, Mahabadi AA, et al. Extracorporeal life support in infarct-related cardiogenic shock. N Engl J Med. 2023;2023:1.
153.
go back to reference Zeymer U, Freund A, Hochadel M, Ostadal P, Belohlavek J, Rokyta R, et al. Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients with infarct-related cardiogenic shock: an individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised trials. Lancet. 2023;2023:1. Zeymer U, Freund A, Hochadel M, Ostadal P, Belohlavek J, Rokyta R, et al. Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients with infarct-related cardiogenic shock: an individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised trials. Lancet. 2023;2023:1.
154.
go back to reference Lemor A, Dabbagh MF, Cohen D, Villablanca P, Tehrani B, Alaswad K, et al. Rates and impact of vascular complications in mechanical circulatory support. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2022;99(5):1702–11.PubMedCrossRef Lemor A, Dabbagh MF, Cohen D, Villablanca P, Tehrani B, Alaswad K, et al. Rates and impact of vascular complications in mechanical circulatory support. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2022;99(5):1702–11.PubMedCrossRef
155.
go back to reference Grandin EW, Nunez JI, Willar B, Kennedy K, Rycus P, Tonna JE, et al. Mechanical left ventricular unloading in patients undergoing venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;79(13):1239–50.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Grandin EW, Nunez JI, Willar B, Kennedy K, Rycus P, Tonna JE, et al. Mechanical left ventricular unloading in patients undergoing venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;79(13):1239–50.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
156.
go back to reference Nishi T, Ishii M, Tsujita K, Okamoto H, Koto S, Nakai M, et al. Outcomes of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation plus intra-aortic balloon pumping for treatment of acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. J Am Heart Assoc. 2022;11(7):e023713.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Nishi T, Ishii M, Tsujita K, Okamoto H, Koto S, Nakai M, et al. Outcomes of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation plus intra-aortic balloon pumping for treatment of acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. J Am Heart Assoc. 2022;11(7):e023713.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
157.
go back to reference Pappalardo F, Schulte C, Pieri M, Schrage B, Contri R, Soeffker G, et al. Concomitant implantation of Impella(®) on top of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may improve survival of patients with cardiogenic shock. Eur J Heart Fail. 2017;19(3):404–12.PubMedCrossRef Pappalardo F, Schulte C, Pieri M, Schrage B, Contri R, Soeffker G, et al. Concomitant implantation of Impella(®) on top of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may improve survival of patients with cardiogenic shock. Eur J Heart Fail. 2017;19(3):404–12.PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Management of cardiogenic shock: a narrative review
Authors
Driss Laghlam
Sarah Benghanem
Sofia Ortuno
Nadia Bouabdallaoui
Stephane Manzo-Silberman
Olfa Hamzaoui
Nadia Aissaoui
Publication date
01-12-2024
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Annals of Intensive Care / Issue 1/2024
Electronic ISSN: 2110-5820
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-024-01260-y

Other articles of this Issue 1/2024

Annals of Intensive Care 1/2024 Go to the issue