Arrhythmia detection by the graph convolution network and a proposed structure for communication between cardiac leads

One of the most common causes of death worldwide is heart disease, including arrhythmia. Today, sciences such as artificial intelligence and medical statistics are looking for methods and models for correct and automatic diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmia. In pursuit of increasing the accuracy of automated methods, many studies have been conducted. However, in none of the previous articles, the relationship and structure between the heart leads have not been included in the model. It seems that the structure of ECG data can help develop the accuracy of arrhythmia detection. Therefore, in this study, a new structure of Electrocardiogram (ECG) data was introduced, and the Graph Convolution Network (GCN), which has the possibility of learning the structure, was used to develop the accuracy of cardiac arrhythmia diagnosis. Considering the relationship between the heart leads and clusters based on different ECG poles, a new structure was introduced. In this structure, the Mutual Information(MI) index was used to evaluate the relationship between the leads, and weight was given based on the poles of the leads. Weighted Mutual Information (WMI) matrices (new structure) were formed by R software. Finally, the 15-layer GCN network was adjusted by this structure and the arrhythmia of people was detected and classified by it. To evaluate the performance of the proposed new network, sensitivity, precision, specificity, accuracy, and confusion matrix indices were used. Also, the accuracy of GCN networks was compared by three different structures, including WMI, MI, and Identity. Chapman’s 12-lead ECG Dataset was used in this study. The results showed that the values of sensitivity, precision, specificity, and accuracy of the GCN-WMI network with 15 intermediate layers were equal to 98.74%, 99.08%, 99.97% & 99.82%, respectively. This new proposed network was more accurate than the Graph Convolution Network-Mutual Information (GCN-MI) with an accuracy equal to 99.71% and GCN-Id with an accuracy equal to 92.68%. Therefore, utilizing this network, the types of arrhythmia were recognized and classified. Also, the new network proposed by the Graph Convolution Network-Weighted Mutual Information (GCN-WMI) was more accurate than those conducted in other studies on the same data set (Chapman). Based on the obtained results, the structure proposed in this study increased the accuracy of cardiac arrhythmia diagnosis and classification on the Chapman data set. Achieving such accuracy for arrhythmia diagnosis is a great achievement in clinical sciences.