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Skeletal Radiology

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10-02-2022 | Scientific Article

Calcaneal offset index to measure hindfoot alignment in pes planus

Authors: K. P. Iyengar, C. A. Azzopardi, J. Fitzpatrick, T. Hill, S. Haleem, H. Panchal, R. Botchu

Published in: Skeletal Radiology | Issue 8/2022

Abstract

Introduction

Pes planus is a common three-dimensional (3D) deformity characterised by forefoot abduction, the collapse of the medial longitudinal arch, and hindfoot valgus. Several radiological measurements such as anteroposterior talocalcaneal angle (Kite’s) and ‘Calcaneal pitch angle’ (CPA) exist to calculate the degree of hindfoot alignment in these patients with variable intra- and interobserver reliability.

Objective

To describe a new radiological ancillary method of measuring hindfoot alignment, the calcaneal offset index (COI).

Material and Methods

Anteroposterior (mortise) and lateral view weight-bearing (WB) ankle radiographs of 200 consecutive patients referred for foot and ankle pain were reviewed. Demographic details, clinical indication, and COI calculation were undertaken on the mortise view along with the measurement of CPA for each patient. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis was evaluated to assess the intraclass reliability between observers.

Results

There was a female preponderance of 2:1 in the study population with a mean age of 51.21 years (13–86 years). The calcaneal offset was increased in pes planus (hindfoot valgus). The p-value was 0.00023 on ANOVA. The COI gave an excellent interobserver correlation with ICC of 0.9 and moderate intraobserver reliability on the ICC analysis of 0.55.

Conclusion

The COI can be an additional index of measuring hindfoot alignment in patients with pes planus. Contrary to the traditional angular measurements, this linear transverse plane measure is easier to calculate and reproducible. COI measurement has shown moderate intraobserver reliability but excellent interobserver reliability.

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Title: Calcaneal offset index to measure hindfoot alignment in pes planus
Authors: K. P. Iyengar
C. A. Azzopardi
J. Fitzpatrick
T. Hill
S. Haleem
H. Panchal
R. Botchu
Publication date: 10-02-2022
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: Skeletal Radiology / Issue 8/2022
Print ISSN: 0364-2348
Electronic ISSN: 1432-2161
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00256-022-04011-x

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Calcaneal offset index to measure hindfoot alignment in pes planus

Abstract

Introduction

Objective

Material and Methods

Results

Conclusion

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Introduction

Objective

Material and Methods

Results

Conclusion

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