Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Oral Health
Published in: BMC Oral Health 1/2023

Open Access 01-12-2023 | CAD and CAM | Research

Effects of thickness and polishing treatment on the translucency and opalescence of six dental CAD-CAM monolithic restorative materials: an in vitro study

Authors: Zhengda Wu, Jiehua Tian, Donghao Wei, Yifan Zhang, Ye Lin, Ping Di

Published in: BMC Oral Health | Issue 1/2023

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) materials for prosthetic is gaining popularity in dentistry. However, limited information exists regarding the impact of thickness and roughening treatment on the optical properties of contemporary CAD-CAM restorative materials. This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the translucency and opalescence of six dental CAD-CAM materials in response to different thicknesses and roughening treatments.

Methods

Six dental CAD-CAM materials, lithium disilicate glass–ceramic (IPS e.max CAD, LS), polymer-infiltrated ceramic (VITA Enamic, VE), resin-nano ceramic glass–ceramic (LAVA Ultimate, LU), polymethyl methacrylate (Telio CAD, TE), and two zirconia reinforced lithium silicate (VITA Suprinity, VS, and Celtra Duo, CD), in shade A2 were prepared as 12 × 12mm2 specimens of four thicknesses (0.5mm, 1.0mm, 1.5mm, and 2.0mm) (N = 240, n = 10). After three different treatments (polished, roughened by SiC P800-grit, and SiC P300-grit), the translucency parameter (TP00) and opalescence parameter (OP) were measured with a spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade V). The surface roughness was analyzed with a shape measurement laser microscope. The data were analyzed using a MANOVA, post hoc Tukey–Kramer test, the t test, and regression analysis (α = .05).

Results

The TP00 and OP were significantly influenced by material type, thickness and roughening treatment (P < .05). TP00 showed a continues decline with increasing thicknesses, while the variations of OP were material-dependent. TP00 ranged from 37.80 (LS in 0.5mm) to 5.66 (VS in 2.0mm), and OP ranged from 5.66 (LU in 0.5mm) to 9.55 (VS in 0.5mm). The variations in TP00 of all materials between adjacent thicknesses ranged from 2.10 to 15.29, exceeding the acceptable translucency threshold except for LU. Quadratic and logarithmic regression curves exhibited the best fit for TP00 among the materials. Compared to polished specimens, rougher specimens exhibited lower TP00 and higher OP in all materials except for LS (P < 0.05). Roughening with P300-grit decreased TP00 and OP by an average of 2.59 and 0.43 for 0.5mm specimens, and 1.26 and 0.25 for 2.0mm specimens, respectively.

Conclusions

Variations in translucency caused by thickness and roughening treatment were perceptible and may be clinically unacceptable. Careful consideration should be given to the selection of CAD-CAM materials based on their distinct optical properties.
Literature
1.
Skorulska A, Piszko P, Szymonowicz M, Rybak Z, Dobrzyński M. Review on polymer, ceramic and composite materials for CAD/CAM indirect restorations in dentistry-application, mechanical characteristics and comparison. Materials. 2021;14(7):1592.PubMedPubMedCentral
2.
Blatz MB, Chiche G, Bahat O, Roblee R, Coachman C, Heymann HO. Evolution of Aesthetic Dentistry. J Dent Res. 2019;98(12):1294–304.PubMed
3.
Shirani M, Savabi O, Mosharraf R, Akhavankhaleghi M, Hebibkhodaei M, Isler S. Comparison of translucency and opalescence among different dental monolithic ceramics. J Prosthet Dent. 2021;126(3):446 e441-446 e446.
4.
Yilmaz Savas T, Akin C. Effects of sintering protocol and dipping time on the optical properties of monolithic zirconia. J Prosthet Dent. 2022;127(5):801 e801-801 e808.
5.
Vichi A, Balestra D, Scotti N, Louca C, Paolone G. Translucency of CAD/CAM and 3D printable composite materials for permanent dental restorations. Polymers (Basel). 2023;15(6):1443.PubMed
6.
Salas M, Lucena C, Herrera LJ, Yebra A, Della Bona A, Perez MM. Translucency thresholds for dental materials. Dent Mater. 2018;34(8):1168–74.PubMed
7.
Della Bona A, Nogueira AD, Pecho OE. Optical properties of CAD-CAM ceramic systems. J Dent. 2014;42(9):1202–9.PubMed
8.
Gunal B, Ulusoy MM. Optical properties of contemporary monolithic CAD-CAM restorative materials at different thicknesses. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2018;30(5):434–41.PubMed
9.
Lee YK, Yu B. Measurement of opalescence of tooth enamel. J Dent. 2007;35(8):690–4.PubMed
10.
Seyidaliyeva A, Rues S, Evagorou Z, Hassel AJ, Rammelsberg P, Zenthofer A. Color stability of polymer-infiltrated-ceramics compared with lithium disilicate ceramics and composite. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2020;32(1):43–50.PubMed
11.
Sen N, Us YO. Mechanical and optical properties of monolithic CAD-CAM restorative materials. J Prosthet Dent. 2018;119(4):593–9.PubMed
12.
Awad D, Stawarczyk B, Liebermann A, Ilie N. Translucency of esthetic dental restorative CAD/CAM materials and composite resins with respect to thickness and surface roughness. J Prosthet Dent. 2015;113(6):534–40.PubMed
13.
Ruiz-Lopez J, Espinar C, Lucena C, de la Cruz CJ, Pulgar R, Perez MM. Effect of thickness on color and translucency of a multi-color polymer-infiltrated ceramic-network material. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2023;35(2):381–9.PubMed
14.
Kang S, Ryu SY, Kim KM, Park SH. Effect of thickness on the translucency of resin-based composites and glass-ceramics. Dent Mater J. 2023;42(1):30–41.PubMed
15.
Pop-Ciutrila IS, Ghinea R, Dudea D, Ruiz-Lopez J, Perez MM, Colosi H. The effects of thickness and shade on translucency parameters of contemporary, esthetic dental ceramics. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2021;33(5):795–806.PubMed
16.
Erdelt K. Pinheiro Dias Engler ML, Beuer F, Guth JF, Liebermann A, Schweiger J: Computable translucency as a function of thickness in a multi-layered zirconia. J Prosthet Dent. 2019;121(4):683–9.PubMed
17.
Schweiger J, Güth JF, Schubert O, Sciuk T, Beuer F, Erdelt KJ. Predictable esthetics in all-ceramic restorations: translucency as a function of material thickness. Int J Comput Dent. 2021;24(2):147–55.PubMed
18.
19.
Paravina RD, Perez MM, Ghinea R. Acceptability and perceptibility thresholds in dentistry: a comprehensive review of clinical and research applications. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2019;31(2):103–12.PubMed
20.
Jeong J-I, Shin H-J, Kwon YH, Seol H-J. Effect of cooling rate on mechanical properties, translucency, opalescence, and light transmission properties of monolithic 4Y-TZP during glazing. Materials. 2022;15(12):4357.PubMedPubMedCentral
21.
Li S, Zhang X, Xia W, Liu Y. Effects of surface treatment and shade on the color, translucency, and surface roughness of high-translucency self-glazed zirconia materials. J Prosthet Dent. 2022;128(2):217 e211-217 e219.
22.
Alp G, Subasi MG, Johnston WM, Yilmaz B. Effect of surface treatments and coffee thermocycling on the color and translucency of CAD-CAM monolithic glass-ceramic. J Prosthet Dent. 2018;120(2):263–8.PubMed
23.
Alnasser M, Finkelman M, Papathanasiou A, Suzuki M, Ghaffari R, Ali A. Effect of acidic pH on surface roughness of esthetic dental materials. J Prosthet Dent. 2019;122(6):567 e561-567.
24.
Paolone G, Mazzitelli C, Boggio F, Breschi L, Vichi A, Gherlone E, et al. Effect of different artificial staining procedures on the color stability and translucency of a nano-hybrid resin-based composite. Materials (Basel). 2023;16(6):2336.PubMed
25.
Maciel LC, Silva CFB, De Jesus RH, Concílio L, Kano SC, Xible AA. Influence of polishing systems on roughness and color change of two dental ceramics. J Adv Prosthodont. 2019;11(4):215–22.PubMedPubMedCentral
26.
Al Amri MD, Labban N, Alhijji S, Alamri H, Iskandar M, Platt JA. In vitro evaluation of translucency and color stability of CAD/CAM polymer-infiltrated ceramic materials after accelerated aging. J Prosthodont. 2021;30(4):318–28.PubMed
27.
Kurt M, Turhan Bal B. Effects of accelerated artificial aging on the translucency and color stability of monolithic ceramics with different surface treatments. J Prosthet Dent. 2019;121(4):712 e711-712 e718.
28.
Manziuc MM, Gasparik C, Burde AV, Colosi HA, Negucioiu M, Dudea D. Effect of glazing on translucency, color, and surface roughness of monolithic zirconia materials. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2019;31(5):478–85.PubMed
29.
Ural C, Duran I, Evmek B, Kavut I, Cengiz S, Yuzbasioglu E. Light transmittance and surface roughness of a feldspathic ceramic CAD-CAM material as a function of different surface treatments. BMC Oral Health. 2016;17(1):16.PubMedPubMedCentral
30.
Brescansin FN, Prochnow C, Guilardi LF, Kleverlaan CJ, Bacchi A, Valandro LF, Pereira GKR. Effect of different surface treatments on optical, colorimetric, and surface characteristics of a lithium disilicate glass-ceramic. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2021;33(7):1017–28.PubMed
31.
Sulaiman TA. Materials in digital dentistry-A review. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2020;32(2):171–81.PubMed
32.
Wu Z, Tian J, Wei D, Di P, Lin Y. Quantitative analysis of color accuracy and bias in 4 dental CAD-CAM monolithic restorative materials with different thicknesses: An in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent. 2022;128(1):92 e91-92 e97.
33.
Chu SJ, Trushkowsky RD, Paravina RD. Dental color matching instruments and systems. Review of clinical and research aspects. J Dent. 2010;38(2):e2-16.PubMed
34.
Weyhrauch M, Igiel C, Pabst AM, Wentaschek S, Scheller H, Lehmann KM. Interdevice agreement of eight equivalent dental color measurement devices. Clin Oral Investig. 2015;19(9):2309–18.PubMed
35.
Kroger E, Matz S, Dekiff M, Tran BL, Figgener L, Dirksen D. In vitro comparison of instrumental and visual tooth shade determination under different illuminants. J Prosthet Dent. 2015;114(6):848–55.PubMed
36.
Johnston WM. Review of translucency determinations and applications to dental materials. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2014;26(4):217–23.PubMed
37.
Tabatabaian F, Beyabanaki E, Alirezaei P, Epakchi S. Visual and digital tooth shade selection methods, related effective factors and conditions, and their accuracy and precision: a literature review. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2021;33(8):1084–104.PubMed
38.
Bayindir F, Koseoglu M. The effect of restoration thickness and resin cement shade on the color and translucency of a high-translucent monolithic zirconia. J Prosthet Dent. 2019;123(1):149–54.PubMed
39.
Barizon KT, Bergeron C, Vargas MA, Qian F, Cobb DS, Gratton DG, Geraldeli S. Ceramic materials for porcelain veneers: part II. Effect of material, shade, and thickness on translucency. J Prosthet Dent. 2014;112(4):864–70.PubMed
40.
Akl MA, Sim CPC, Nunn ME, Zeng LL, Hamza TA, Wee AG. Validation of two clinical color measuring instruments for use in dental research. J Dent. 2022;125:104223.PubMed
41.
Kim HK, Kim SH, Lee JB, Han JS, Yeo IS, Ha SR. Effect of the amount of thickness reduction on color and translucency of dental monolithic zirconia ceramics. J Adv Prosthodont. 2016;8(1):37–42.PubMedPubMedCentral
42.
Wang F, Takahashi H, Iwasaki N. Translucency of dental ceramics with different thicknesses. J Prosthet Dent. 2013;110(1):14–20.PubMed
43.
Sulaiman TA, Abdulmajeed AA, Donovan TE, Ritter AV, Vallittu PK, Närhi TO, Lassila LV. Optical properties and light irradiance of monolithic zirconia at variable thicknesses. Dent Mater. 2015;31(10):1180–7.PubMed
44.
Brodbelt RH, O’Brien WJ, Fan PL. Translucency of dental porcelains. J Dent Res. 1980;59(1):70–5.PubMed
45.
Azzopardi N, Moharamzadeh K, Wood DJ, Martin N, van Noort R. Effect of resin matrix composition on the translucency of experimental dental composite resins. Dent Mater. 2009;25(12):1564–8.PubMed
46.
Nakajima M, Arimoto A, Prasansuttiporn T, Thanatvarakorn O, Foxton RM, Tagami J. Light transmission characteristics of dentine and resin composites with different thickness. J Dent. 2012;40(2):e77-82.PubMed
47.
Vichi A, Carrabba M, Paravina R, Ferrari M. Translucency of ceramic materials for CEREC CAD/CAM system. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2014;26(4):224–31.PubMed
48.
Pop-Ciutrila IS, Dudea D, Eugenia Badea M, Moldovan M, Cîmpean SI, Ghinea R. Shade correspondence, color, and translucency differences between human dentine and a CAD/CAM hybrid ceramic system. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2016;28(Suppl 1):S46-55.PubMed
49.
Koizumi H, Saiki O, Nogawa H, Hiraba H, Okazaki T, Matsumura H. Surface roughness and gloss of current CAD/CAM resin composites before and after toothbrush abrasion. Dent Mater J. 2015;34(6):881–7.PubMed
50.
Elsaka SE, Elnaghy AM. Mechanical properties of zirconia reinforced lithium silicate glass-ceramic. Dent Mater. 2016;32(7):908–14.PubMed
51.
Fu L, Engqvist H, Xia W. Glass-ceramics in dentistry: a review. Materials (Basel). 2020;13(5):1049.PubMed
52.
Nejatidanesh F, Azadbakht K, Savabi O, Sharifi M, Shirani M. Effect of repeated firing on the translucency of CAD-CAM monolithic glass-ceramics. J Prosthet Dent. 2020;123(3):530 e531-530 e536.
Metadata
Title
Effects of thickness and polishing treatment on the translucency and opalescence of six dental CAD-CAM monolithic restorative materials: an in vitro study
Authors
Zhengda Wu
Jiehua Tian
Donghao Wei
Yifan Zhang
Ye Lin
Ping Di
Publication date
01-12-2023
Publisher
BioMed Central
Keyword
CAD and CAM
Published in
BMC Oral Health / Issue 1/2023
Electronic ISSN: 1472-6831
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-023-03299-y

Other articles of this Issue 1/2023

BMC Oral Health 1/2023 Go to the issue

Research

Salivary leukocyte esterase activity by SillHa is a risk indicator of periodontal disease

Research

Knowledge, experience, and perception of molar incisor hypomineralisation among dentists in the metropolitan area of Mexico City: a cross-sectional study

Research

Effect of topical fluoride applications on residual monomer release from resin-based restorative materials

Research

Color behavior of composite resin enhanced with different shapes of new antimicrobial polymer coated nanoparticles

Research

Effect of blood contamination on marginal adaptation of cold ceramic and MTA angelus: a scanning electron microscopic study

Research

Accurate mandibular canal segmentation of dental CBCT using a two-stage 3D-UNet based segmentation framework