Top

memo - Magazine of European Medical Oncology

Open Access 18-04-2024 | Breast Cancer | review

The future of clinical trials—goals, ideas, and discussion

Authors: Univ.-Prof. Prof.h.c. Dr. Dr.h.c. Michael Gnant, FACS, FEBS, Manuela Gili, Magdalena Schwarz, Christian Fesl, Dominik Hlauschek, Anita Jallitsch-Halper, Hannes Fohler

Published in: memo - Magazine of European Medical Oncology

Summary

Clinical trials are subject to an ever-evolving landscape of treatment options, regulatory requirements, socioeconomic conditions, and paradigms of scientific research. In this opinion paper, we illustrate current methods and topics with a focus on clinical trial designs, conduct and modes of collaboration. The example of successful clinical breast cancer research in Austria demonstrates the opportunities, but also the challenges for academic research. We also investigate potential pitfalls, and suggest new ideas and strategies on how to increase practicability along with transparency and fairness, but ultimately also scientific and clinical relevance of clinical trials in oncology.

Li BT, Daly B, Gospodarowicz M, et al. Reimagining patient-centric cancer clinical trials: a multi-stakeholder international coalition. Nat Med. 2022;28(4):620–6. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-01775-6.CrossRefPubMed

Ford I, Norrie J. Pragmatic Trials. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(5):454–63. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1510059.CrossRefPubMed

Patsopoulos NA. A pragmatic view on pragmatic trials. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2011;13(2):217–24. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2011.13.2/npatsopoulos.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Harmon DM, Noseworthy PA, Yao X. The digitization and decentralization of clinical trials. Mayo Clin Proc. 2023;98(10):1568–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2022.10.001.CrossRefPubMed

da Fonseca MH, Kovaleski F, Picinin CT, Pedroso B, Rubbo P. E‑health practices and technologies: a systematic review from 2014 to 2019. Healthcare. 2021; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9091192.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Steger GG, Galid A, Gnant M, et al. Pathologic complete response with six compared with three cycles of neoadjuvant epirubicin plus docetaxel and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in operable breast cancer: results of ABCSG-14. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(15):2012–8. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.09.1777.CrossRefPubMed

Dubsky PC, Jakesz R, Mlineritsch B, et al. Tamoxifen and anastrozole as a sequencing strategy: a randomized controlled trial in postmenopausal patients with endocrine-responsive early breast cancer from the Austrian Breast and Colorectal Cancer Study Group. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30(7):722–8. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.36.8993.CrossRefPubMed

Jakesz R, Greil R, Gnant M, et al. Extended adjuvant therapy with anastrozole among postmenopausal breast cancer patients: results from the randomized Austrian Breast and Colorectal Cancer Study Group Trial 6a. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2007;99(24):1845–53. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djm246.CrossRefPubMed

Gnant M, Pfeiler G, Steger GG, et al. Adjuvant denosumab in postmenopausal patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer (ABCSG-18): disease-free survival results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2019;20(3):339–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(18)30862-3.CrossRefPubMed

10.

Gnant M, Pfeiler G, Dubsky PC, et al. Adjuvant denosumab in breast cancer (ABCSG-18): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2015;386(9992):433–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60995-3.CrossRefPubMed

11.

Bartsch R, Singer CF, Pfeiler G, et al. Conventional versus reverse sequence of neoadjuvant epirubicin/cyclophosphamide and docetaxel: sequencing results from ABCSG-34. Br J Cancer. 2021;124(11):1795–802. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-021-01284-2.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

12.

Singer CF, Pfeiler G, Hubalek M, et al. Efficacy and safety of the therapeutic cancer vaccine tecemotide (L-BLP25) in early breast cancer: Results from a prospective, randomised, neoadjuvant phase II study (ABCSG 34). Eur J Cancer. 2020;132:43–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2020.03.018.CrossRefPubMed

13.

Gnant M, Mlineritsch B, Schippinger W, et al. Endocrine therapy plus zoledronic acid in premenopausal breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(7):679–91. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0806285.CrossRefPubMed

14.

Pötter R, Gnant M, Kwasny W, et al. Lumpectomy plus tamoxifen or anastrozole with or without whole breast irradiation in women with favorable early breast cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2007;68(2):334–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2006.12.045.CrossRefPubMed

15.

Geyer CE Jr., Garber JE, Gelber RD, et al. Overall survival in the OlympiA phase III trial of adjuvant olaparib in patients with germline pathogenic variants in BRCA 1/2 and high-risk, early breast cancer. Ann Oncol. 2022;33(12):1250–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annonc.2022.09.159.CrossRefPubMed

16.

Schmid M, Jakesz R, Samonigg H, et al. Randomized trial of tamoxifen versus tamoxifen plus aminoglutethimide as adjuvant treatment in postmenopausal breast cancer patients with hormone receptor-positive disease: Austrian breast and colorectal cancer study group trial 6. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21(6):984–90. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2003.01.138.CrossRefPubMed

17.

Jakesz R, Hausmaninger H, Kubista E, et al. Randomized adjuvant trial of tamoxifen and goserelin versus cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil: evidence for the superiority of treatment with endocrine blockade in premenopausal patients with hormone-responsive breast cancer—Austrian Breast and Colorectal Cancer Study Group Trial 5. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20(24):4621–7. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2002.09.112.CrossRefPubMed

18.

Jakesz R, Samonigg H, Gnant M, et al. Very low-dose adjuvant chemotherapy in steroid receptor negative stage I breast cancer patients. Austrian Breast Cancer Study Group. Eur J Cancer. 1998;34(1):66–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0959-8049(97)10010-7.CrossRefPubMed

19.

Jakesz R, Hausmaninger H, Haider K, et al. Randomized trial of low-dose chemotherapy added to tamoxifen in patients with receptor-positive and lymph node-positive breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1999;17(6):1701–9. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.1999.17.6.1701.CrossRefPubMed

20.

Jakesz R, Jonat W, Gnant M, et al. Switching of postmenopausal women with endocrine-responsive early breast cancer to anastrozole after 2 years’ adjuvant tamoxifen: combined results of ABCSG trial 8 and ARNO 95 trial. Lancet. 2005;366(9484):455–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67059-6.CrossRefPubMed

21.

Jakesz R, Samonigg H, Gnant M, et al. Significant increase in breast conservation in 16 years of trials conducted by the Austrian Breast & Colorectal Cancer Study Group. Ann Surg. 2003;237(4):556–64. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.Sla.0000059990.43981.4e.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

22.

Gnant MF, Blijham G, Reiner A, et al. DNA ploidy and other results of DNA flow cytometry as prognostic factors in operable breast cancer: 10 year results of a randomised study. Eur J Cancer. 1992;28(2–3):711–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0959-8049(05)80132-7.CrossRefPubMed

23.

Gomez LE, Bernet P. Diversity improves performance and outcomes. J Natl Med Assoc. 2019;111(4):383–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnma.2019.01.006.CrossRefPubMed

24.

Clark LT, Watkins L, Pina IL, et al. Increasing diversity in clinical trials: overcoming critical barriers. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2019;44(5):148–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2018.11.002.CrossRefPubMed

25.

Bottern J, Stage TB, Dunvald AD. Sex, racial, and ethnic diversity in clinical trials. Clin Transl Sci. 2023;16(6):937–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/cts.13513.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

26.

Corneli A, Hanlen-Rosado E, McKenna K, et al. Enhancing diversity and inclusion in clinical trials. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2023;113(3):489–99. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.2819.CrossRefPubMed

27.

McGregor B, Belton A, Henry TL, Wrenn G, Holden KB. Improving behavioral health equity through cultural competence training of health care providers. Ethn Dis. 2019;29(Suppl 2):359–64. https://doi.org/10.18865/ed.29.S2.359.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

28.

Richards R, Kinnersley P, Brain K, McCutchan G, Staffurth J, Wood F. Use of mobile devices to help cancer patients meet their information needs in non-inpatient settings: systematic review. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2018;6(12):e10026. https://doi.org/10.2196/10026.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

29.

Majumder A, Sen D. Artificial intelligence in cancer diagnostics and therapy: current perspectives. Indian J Cancer. 2021;58(4):481–92. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijc.IJC_399_20.CrossRefPubMed

30.

Rivera CS, Liu X, Chan AW, et al. Guidelines for clinical trial protocols for interventions involving artificial intelligence: the SPIRIT-AI extension. Nat Med. 2020;26(9):1351–63. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-1037-7.CrossRef

31.

Filipits M, Rudas M, Singer CF, et al. ESR1, PGR, ERBB2, and MKi67 mRNA expression in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive early breast cancer: results from ABCSG Trial 6. Esmo Open. 2021;6(4):100228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100228.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

32.

Filipits M, Rudas M, Kainz V, et al. The OncomasTR test predicts distant recurrence in estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative early-stage breast cancer: a validation study in ABCSG trial 8. Clin Cancer Res. 2021;27(21):5931–8. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.Ccr-21-1023.CrossRefPubMed

33.

Filipits M, Dubsky P, Rudas M, et al. Prediction of distant recurrence using endopredict among women with ER(+), HER2(−) node-positive and node-negative breast cancer treated with endocrine therapy only. Clin Cancer Res. 2019;25(13):3865–72. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.Ccr-19-0376.CrossRefPubMed

34.

Filipits M, Dafni U, Gnant M, et al. Association of p27 and Cyclin D1 expression and benefit from adjuvant trastuzumab treatment in HER2-positive early breast cancer: a TransHERA study. Clin Cancer Res. 2018;24(13):3079–86. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.Ccr-17-3473.CrossRefPubMed

35.

Bago-Horvath Z, Rudas M, Singer CF, et al. Predictive value of molecular subtypes in premenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive early breast cancer: results from the ABCSG trial 5. Clin Cancer Res. 2020;26(21):5682–8. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.Ccr-20-0673.CrossRefPubMed

36.

Rudas M, Lehnert M, Huynh A, et al. Cyclin D1 expression in breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant tamoxifen-based therapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2008;14(6):1767–74. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.Ccr-07-4122.CrossRefPubMed

37.

Gnant M, Sestak I, Filipits M, et al. Identifying clinically relevant prognostic subgroups of postmenopausal women with node-positive hormone receptor-positive early-stage breast cancer treated with endocrine therapy: a combined analysis of ABCSG‑8 and ATAC using the PAM50 risk of recurrence score and intrinsic subtype. Ann Oncol. 2015;26(8):1685–91. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdv215.CrossRefPubMed

38.

Tendl-Schulz KA, Rössler F, Wimmer P, et al. Factors influencing agreement of breast cancer luminal molecular subtype by Ki67 labeling index between core needle biopsy and surgical resection specimens. Virchows Arch. 2020;477(4):545–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-020-02818-4.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

39.

Filipits M, Nielsen TO, Rudas M, et al. The PAM50 risk-of-recurrence score predicts risk for late distant recurrence after endocrine therapy in postmenopausal women with endocrine-responsive early breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2014;20(5):1298–305. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.Ccr-13-1845.CrossRefPubMed

40.

Gnant M, Filipits M, Greil R, et al. Predicting distant recurrence in receptor-positive breast cancer patients with limited clinicopathological risk: using the PAM50 Risk of Recurrence score in 1478 postmenopausal patients of the ABCSG-8 trial treated with adjuvant endocrine therapy alone. Ann Oncol. 2014;25(2):339–45. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdt494.CrossRefPubMed

41.

Filipits M, Rudas M, Jakesz R, et al. A new molecular predictor of distant recurrence in ER-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer adds independent information to conventional clinical risk factors. Clin Cancer Res. 2011;17(18):6012–20. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.Ccr-11-0926.CrossRefPubMed

42.

Filipits M, Rudas M, Heinzl H, et al. Low p27 expression predicts early relapse and death in postmenopausal hormone receptor-positive breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant tamoxifen therapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2009;15(18):5888–94. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.Ccr-09-0728.CrossRefPubMed

43.

Vargas G, Bouchet M, Bouazza L, et al. ERRα promotes breast cancer cell dissemination to bone by increasing RANK expression in primary breast tumors. Oncogene. 2019;38(7):950–64. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41388-018-0579-3.CrossRefPubMed

44.

Zhou Q, Gampenrieder SP, Frantal S, et al. Persistence of ctDNA in patients with breast cancer during neoadjuvant treatment is a significant predictor of poor tumor response. Clin Cancer Res. 2022;28(4):697–707. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.Ccr-21-3231.CrossRefPubMed

45.

Fitzal F, Filipits M, Fesl C, et al. PAM-50 predicts local recurrence after breast cancer surgery in postmenopausal patients with ER+/HER2− disease: results from 1204 patients in the randomized ABCSG-8 trial. Br J Surg. 2021;108(3):308–14. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjs/znaa089.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

46.

Singer CF, Holst F, Steurer S, et al. Estrogen receptor alpha gene amplification is an independent predictor of long-term outcome in postmenopausal patients with endocrine-responsive early breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2022;28(18):4112–20. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.Ccr-21-4328.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

47.

Singer CF, Jahn SW, Rudas M, et al. Independent validation of stromal uPA in ABCSG-08: Level 1b evidence for the prognostic value of uPA immunohistochemistry. Breast. 2022;64:127–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.breast.2022.05.003.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

48.

ICH. Harmonised Guideline. Addendum on estimands and sensitivity analysis in clinical trials to the guideline on statistical principles for clinical trials E9(R1). International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals For Human Use. (https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/E9-R1_Step4_Guideline_2019_1203.pdf ).

49.

Casey M, Degtyarev E, Lechuga MJ, et al. Estimand framework: Are we asking the right questions? A case study in the solid tumor setting. Pharm Stat. 2021;20(2):324–34. https://doi.org/10.1002/pst.2079.CrossRefPubMed

50.

Rufibach K. Treatment effect quantification for time-to-event endpoints-Estimands, analysis strategies, and beyond. Pharm Stat. 2019;18(2):145–65. https://doi.org/10.1002/pst.1917.CrossRefPubMed

51.

Young JG, Stensrud MJ, Tchetgen Tchetgen EJ, Hernan MA. A causal framework for classical statistical estimands in failure-time settings with competing events. Stat Med. 2020;39(8):1199–236. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.8471.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

52.

Darken P, Nyberg J, Ballal S, Wright D. The attributable estimand: A new approach to account for intercurrent events. Pharm Stat. 2020;19(5):626–35. https://doi.org/10.1002/pst.2019.CrossRefPubMed

53.

Manitz J, Kan-Dobrosky N, Buchner H, et al. Estimands for overall survival in clinical trials with treatment switching in oncology. Pharm Stat. 2022;21(1):150–62. https://doi.org/10.1002/pst.2158.CrossRefPubMed

54.

Buyse M. Generalized pairwise comparisons of prioritized outcomes in the two-sample problem. Stat Med. 2010;29(30):3245–57. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.3923.CrossRefPubMed

55.

Cantagallo E, De Backer M, Kicinski M, et al. A new measure of treatment effect in clinical trials involving competing risks based on generalized pairwise comparisons. Biom J. 2021;63(2):272–88. https://doi.org/10.1002/bimj.201900354.CrossRefPubMed

56.

Mao L. On restricted mean time in favor of treatment. Biometrics. 2023;79(1):61–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/biom.13570.CrossRefPubMed

57.

Peron J, Buyse M, Ozenne B, Roche L, Roy P. An extension of generalized pairwise comparisons for prioritized outcomes in the presence of censoring. Stat Methods Med Res. 2018;27(4):1230–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/0962280216658320.CrossRefPubMed

58.

Péron J, Roy P, Ozenne B, Roche L, Buyse M. The net chance of a longer survival as a patient-oriented measure of treatment benefit in randomized clinical trials. JAMA Oncol. 2016;2(7):901–5. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2015.6359.CrossRefPubMed

59.

Saad ED, Zalcberg JR, Peron J, Coart E, Burzykowski T, Buyse M. Understanding and communicating measures of treatment effect on survival: can we do better? J Natl Cancer Inst. 2018;110(3):232–40. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djx179.CrossRefPubMed

60.

Buyse M, Saad ED, Burzykowski T, Péron J. Assessing treatment benefit in Immuno-oncology. Stat Biosci. 2020;12(2):83–103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12561-020-09268-1.CrossRef

61.

Péron J, Giai J, Maucort-Boulch D, Buyse M. The benefit-risk balance of nab-Paclitaxel in metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Pancreas. 2019;48(2):275–80. https://doi.org/10.1097/mpa.0000000000001234.CrossRefPubMed

62.

Péron J, Roy P, Conroy T, et al. An assessment of the benefit-risk balance of FOLFIRINOX in metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget. 2016;7(50):82953–60. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.12761.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

63.

Leary A, Besse B, Andre F. The need for pragmatic, affordable, and practice-changing real-life clinical trials in oncology. Lancet. 2024;403(10424):406–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02199-2.CrossRefPubMed

64.

Hudis CA, Barlow WE, Costantino JP, et al. Proposal for standardized definitions for efficacy end points in adjuvant breast cancer trials: the STEEP system. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(15):2127–32. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2006.10.3523.CrossRefPubMed

65.

Tolaney SM, Garrett-Mayer E, White J, et al. Updated standardized definitions for efficacy end points (STEEP) in Adjuvant breast cancer clinical trials: STEEP version 2.0. J Clin Oncol. 2021;39(24):2720–31. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.20.03613.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

66.

Deltuvaite-Thomas V, Verbeeck J, Burzykowski T, et al. Generalized pairwise comparisons for censored data: An overview. Biom J. 2023;65(2):e2100354. https://doi.org/10.1002/bimj.202100354.CrossRefPubMed

67.

Roustit M, Demarcq O, Laporte S, et al. Platform trials. Therapie. 2023;78(1):29–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.therap.2022.12.003.CrossRefPubMed

68.

Parmar MK, Barthel FM, Sydes M, et al. Speeding up the evaluation of new agents in cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008;100(17):1204–14. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djn267.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

69.

Spreafico A, Hansen AR, Razak AAR, Bedard PL, Siu LL. The future of clinical trial design in oncology. Cancer Discov. 2021;11(4):822–37. https://doi.org/10.1158/2159-8290.CD-20-1301.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

70.

Kelley WN, Randolph MA. From the institute of medicine. JAMA. 1995;273(1):12. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.273.1.12.CrossRefPubMed

71.

Nghiem VT, Vaidya R, Lyman GH, Hershman DL, Ramsey SD, Unger JM. Economic evaluations in national cancer institute-sponsored network cancer clinical trials. Value Health. 2020;23(12):1653–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2020.08.2095.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

72.

Nghiem VT, Vaidya R, Unger JM. Patterns of scientific and clinical impact in cancer randomized clinical trials. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(6):e2219657. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.19657.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

73.

Ralaidovy AH, Adam T, Boucher P. Resource allocation for biomedical research: analysis of investments by major funders. Health Res Policy Syst. 2020;18(1):20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-020-0532-0.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

74.

Gnant M, Dueck AC, Frantal S, et al. Adjuvant palbociclib for early breast cancer: the PALLAS trial results (ABCSG-42/AFT-05/BIG-14-03). J Clin Oncol. 2022;40(3):282–93. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.21.02554.CrossRefPubMed

75.

Piccart M, Goldhirsch A, Straehle C. The Breast International Group. a new spirit of collaboration in breast cancer research for the new millennium. Eur J Cancer. 2000;36(14):1733–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0959-8049(00)00164-7.CrossRefPubMed

76.

Piccart MJ, Gingras I. Breast cancer in 2015: Academic research sheds light on issues that matter to patients. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2016;13(2):67–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrclinonc.2015.236.CrossRefPubMed

77.

Riaz H, Raza S, Khan MS, Riaz IB, Krasuski RA. Impact of funding source on clinical trial results including cardiovascular outcome trials. Am J Cardiol. 2015;116(12):1944–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.09.034.CrossRefPubMed

78.

Broes S, Saesen R, Lacombe D, Huys I. Past, Current, and Future Cancer Clinical Research Collaborations: The Case of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer. Clin Transl Sci. 2021;14(1):47–53. https://doi.org/10.1111/cts.12863.CrossRefPubMed

Title: The future of clinical trials—goals, ideas, and discussion
Authors: Univ.-Prof. Prof.h.c. Dr. Dr.h.c. Michael Gnant, FACS, FEBS
Manuela Gili
Magdalena Schwarz
Christian Fesl
Dominik Hlauschek
Anita Jallitsch-Halper
Hannes Fohler
Publication date: 18-04-2024
Publisher: Springer Vienna
Keywords: Breast Cancer
Breast Cancer
Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal Cancer
Published in: memo - Magazine of European Medical Oncology
Print ISSN: 1865-5041
Electronic ISSN: 1865-5076
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12254-024-00969-7

Webinar | 19-02-2024 | 17:30 (CET)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on antibody–drug conjugates in cancer

Watch now

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are novel agents that have shown promise across multiple tumor types. Explore the current landscape of ADCs in breast and lung cancer with our experts, and gain insights into the mechanism of action, key clinical trials data, existing challenges, and future directions.

Dr. Véronique Diéras

Prof. Fabrice Barlesi

Developed by: Springer Medicine

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Summary

Please log in to get access to this content

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on antibody–drug conjugates in cancer