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BMC Pediatrics
Published in: BMC Pediatrics 1/2017

Open Access 01-12-2017 | Research article

Brain biomarkers and pre-injury cognition are associated with long-term cognitive outcome in children with traumatic brain injury

Authors: Amy A. Wilkinson, Maureen Dennis, Nevena Simic, Margot J. Taylor, Benjamin R. Morgan, Helena Frndova, Karen Choong, Craig Campbell, Douglas Fraser, Vicki Anderson, Anne-Marie Guerguerian, Russell Schachar, Jamie Hutchison, For the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group (CCCTG), The Canadian Critical Care Translational Biology Group (CCCTBG)

Published in: BMC Pediatrics | Issue 1/2017

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Abstract

Background

Children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) are frequently at risk of long-term impairments of attention and executive functioning but these problems are difficult to predict. Although deficits have been reported to vary with injury severity, age at injury and sex, prognostication of outcome remains imperfect at a patient-specific level. The objective of this proof of principle study was to evaluate a variety of patient variables, along with six brain-specific and inflammatory serum protein biomarkers, as predictors of long-term cognitive outcome following paediatric TBI.

Method

Outcome was assessed in 23 patients via parent-rated questionnaires related to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and executive functioning, using the Conners 3rd Edition Rating Scales (Conners-3) and Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) at a mean time since injury of 3.1 years. Partial least squares (PLS) analyses were performed to identify factors measured at the time of injury that were most closely associated with outcome on (1) the Conners-3 and (2) the Behavioural Regulation Index (BRI) and (3) Metacognition Index (MI) of the BRIEF.

Results

Higher levels of neuron specific enolase (NSE) and lower levels of soluble neuron cell adhesion molecule (sNCAM) were associated with higher scores on the inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity and executive functioning scales of the Conners-3, as well as working memory and initiate scales of the MI from the BRIEF. Higher levels of NSE only were associated with higher scores on the inhibit scale of the BRI.

Conclusions

NSE and sNCAM show promise as reliable, early predictors of long-term attention-related and executive functioning problems following paediatric TBI.
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Metadata
Title
Brain biomarkers and pre-injury cognition are associated with long-term cognitive outcome in children with traumatic brain injury
Authors
Amy A. Wilkinson
Maureen Dennis
Nevena Simic
Margot J. Taylor
Benjamin R. Morgan
Helena Frndova
Karen Choong
Craig Campbell
Douglas Fraser
Vicki Anderson
Anne-Marie Guerguerian
Russell Schachar
Jamie Hutchison
For the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group (CCCTG)
The Canadian Critical Care Translational Biology Group (CCCTBG)
Publication date
01-12-2017
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Pediatrics / Issue 1/2017
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2431
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-017-0925-6

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