Skip to main content
Top
Published in: European Journal of Applied Physiology 8/2012

01-08-2012 | Original Article

Blood lactate concentration at the maximal lactate steady state is not dependent on endurance capacity in healthy recreationally trained individuals

Authors: Gerhard Smekal, Serge P. von Duvillard, Rochus Pokan, Peter Hofmann, William A. Braun, Paul J. Arciero, Harald Tschan, Manfred Wonisch, Ramon Baron, Norbert Bachl

Published in: European Journal of Applied Physiology | Issue 8/2012

Login to get access

Abstract

The aim of the study was to investigate the independent relationship between maximal lactate steady state (MLSS), blood lactate concentration [La] and exercise performance as reported frequently. Sixty-two subjects with a wide range of endurance performance (MLSS power output 199 ± 55 W; range: 100–302 W) were tested on an electronically braked cycle ergometer. One-min incremental exercise tests were conducted to determine maximal variables as well as the respiratory compensation point (RCP) and the second lactate turn point (LTP2). Several continuous exercise tests were performed to determine the MLSS. Subjects were divided into three clusters of exercise performance. Dietary control was employed throughout all testing. No significant correlation was found between MLSS [La] and power output at MLSS. Additionally, the three clusters of subjects with different endurance performance levels based on power output at MLSS showed no significant difference for MLSS [La]. MLSS [La] was not significantly different between men and women (average of 4.80 ± 1.50 vs. 5.22 ± 1.52 mmol l−1). MLSS [La] was significantly related to [La] at RCP, LTP2 and at maximal power. The results of this study support previous findings that MLSS [La] is independent of endurance performance. Additionally, MLSS [La] was not influenced by sex. Correlations found between MLSS [La] and [La] at maximal power and at designated anaerobic thresholds indicate only an association of [La] response during incremental and MLSS exercise when utilizing cycle ergometry.
Literature
go back to reference Almarwaey OA, Jones AM, Tolfrey K (2004) Maximal lactate steady state in trained adolescent runners. J Sports Sci 22(2):215–225PubMedCrossRef Almarwaey OA, Jones AM, Tolfrey K (2004) Maximal lactate steady state in trained adolescent runners. J Sports Sci 22(2):215–225PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Aunola S, Rusko H (1992) Does anaerobic threshold correlate with maximal lactate steady state? J Sports Sci 10(4):309–329PubMedCrossRef Aunola S, Rusko H (1992) Does anaerobic threshold correlate with maximal lactate steady state? J Sports Sci 10(4):309–329PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Bacon L, Kern M (1999) Evaluating a test protocol for predicting maximum lactate steady state. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 39(4):300–308PubMed Bacon L, Kern M (1999) Evaluating a test protocol for predicting maximum lactate steady state. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 39(4):300–308PubMed
go back to reference Baron B, Dekerle J, Robin S, Neviere R, Dupont L, Matran R, Vanvelcenaher J, Robin H, Pelayo P (2003) Maximal lactate steady state does not correspond to a complete physiological steady state. Int J Sports Med 24(8):582–587PubMedCrossRef Baron B, Dekerle J, Robin S, Neviere R, Dupont L, Matran R, Vanvelcenaher J, Robin H, Pelayo P (2003) Maximal lactate steady state does not correspond to a complete physiological steady state. Int J Sports Med 24(8):582–587PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Beneke R (1995) Anaerobic threshold, individual anaerobic threshold, and maximal lactate steady state in rowing. Med Sci Sports Exerc 27(6):863–867PubMed Beneke R (1995) Anaerobic threshold, individual anaerobic threshold, and maximal lactate steady state in rowing. Med Sci Sports Exerc 27(6):863–867PubMed
go back to reference Beneke R, Heck H, Schwarz V, Leithauser R (1996) Maximal lactate steady state during the second decade of age. Med Sci Sports Exerc 28(12):1474–1478PubMedCrossRef Beneke R, Heck H, Schwarz V, Leithauser R (1996) Maximal lactate steady state during the second decade of age. Med Sci Sports Exerc 28(12):1474–1478PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Beneke R, von Duvillard SP (1996) Determination of maximal lactate steady state response in selected sports events. Med Sci Sports Exerc 28(2):241–246PubMedCrossRef Beneke R, von Duvillard SP (1996) Determination of maximal lactate steady state response in selected sports events. Med Sci Sports Exerc 28(2):241–246PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Beneke R, Hutler M, Leithauser RM (2000) Maximal lactate-steady-state independent of performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 32(6):1135–1139PubMedCrossRef Beneke R, Hutler M, Leithauser RM (2000) Maximal lactate-steady-state independent of performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 32(6):1135–1139PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Beneke R, Leithauser RM, Hutler M (2001) Dependence of the maximal lactate steady state on the motor pattern of exercise. Br J Sports Med 35(3):192–196PubMedCrossRef Beneke R, Leithauser RM, Hutler M (2001) Dependence of the maximal lactate steady state on the motor pattern of exercise. Br J Sports Med 35(3):192–196PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Beneke R (2003a) Experiment and computer-aided simulation: complementary tools to understand exercise metabolism. Biochem Soc Trans 31:1263–1266PubMedCrossRef Beneke R (2003a) Experiment and computer-aided simulation: complementary tools to understand exercise metabolism. Biochem Soc Trans 31:1263–1266PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Beneke R (2003b) Methodological aspects of maximal lactate steady state-implications for performance testing. Eur J Appl Physiol 89(1):95–99PubMedCrossRef Beneke R (2003b) Methodological aspects of maximal lactate steady state-implications for performance testing. Eur J Appl Physiol 89(1):95–99PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Billat VL, Sirvent P, Py G, Koralsztein JP, Mercier J (2003) The concept of maximal lactate steady state: a bridge between biochemistry, physiology and sport science. Sports Med 33(6):407–426PubMedCrossRef Billat VL, Sirvent P, Py G, Koralsztein JP, Mercier J (2003) The concept of maximal lactate steady state: a bridge between biochemistry, physiology and sport science. Sports Med 33(6):407–426PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Brooks GA, Mercier J (1994) Balance of carbohydrate and lipid utilization during exercise: the “crossover” concept. J Appl Physiol 76(6):2253–2261PubMed Brooks GA, Mercier J (1994) Balance of carbohydrate and lipid utilization during exercise: the “crossover” concept. J Appl Physiol 76(6):2253–2261PubMed
go back to reference Brooks GA (2002) Lactate shuttles in nature. Biochem Soc Trans 30:259–264 Brooks GA (2002) Lactate shuttles in nature. Biochem Soc Trans 30:259–264
go back to reference Burke LM, Angus DJ, Cox GR, Cummings NK, Febbraio MA, Gawthorn K, Hawley JA, Minehan M, Martin DT, Hargreaves (2000) Effect of fat adaptation and carbohydrate restoration on metabolism and performance during prolonged cycling. J Appl Physiol 89(6):2413–2421 Burke LM, Angus DJ, Cox GR, Cummings NK, Febbraio MA, Gawthorn K, Hawley JA, Minehan M, Martin DT, Hargreaves (2000) Effect of fat adaptation and carbohydrate restoration on metabolism and performance during prolonged cycling. J Appl Physiol 89(6):2413–2421
go back to reference Dekerle J, Baron B, Dupont L, Vanvelcenaher J, Pelayo P (2003) Maximal lactate steady state, respiratory compensation threshold and critical power. Eur J Appl Physiol 89(3–4):281–288PubMedCrossRef Dekerle J, Baron B, Dupont L, Vanvelcenaher J, Pelayo P (2003) Maximal lactate steady state, respiratory compensation threshold and critical power. Eur J Appl Physiol 89(3–4):281–288PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Demarle AP, Slawinski JJ, Laffite LP, Bocquet VG, Koralsztein JP, Billat VL (2001) Decrease of O2 deficit is a potential factor in increased time to exhaustion after specific endurance training. J Appl Physiol 90:947–953PubMedCrossRef Demarle AP, Slawinski JJ, Laffite LP, Bocquet VG, Koralsztein JP, Billat VL (2001) Decrease of O2 deficit is a potential factor in increased time to exhaustion after specific endurance training. J Appl Physiol 90:947–953PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Denadai BS, Figuera TR, Favaro OR, Goncalves M (2004) Effect of the aerobic capacity on the validity of the anaerobic threshold for determination of the maximal lactate steady state in cycling. Braz J Med Biol Res 37(10):1551–1556PubMedCrossRef Denadai BS, Figuera TR, Favaro OR, Goncalves M (2004) Effect of the aerobic capacity on the validity of the anaerobic threshold for determination of the maximal lactate steady state in cycling. Braz J Med Biol Res 37(10):1551–1556PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Donovan CM, Pagliassotti MJ (2000) Quantitative assessment of pathways for lactate disposal in skeletal muscle fiber types. Med Sci Sports Exerc 32(4):772–777PubMedCrossRef Donovan CM, Pagliassotti MJ (2000) Quantitative assessment of pathways for lactate disposal in skeletal muscle fiber types. Med Sci Sports Exerc 32(4):772–777PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Forsyth JJ, Reilly T (2005) The combined effect of time of day and menstrual cycle on lactate threshold. Med Sci Sports Exerc 37(12):2046–2053PubMedCrossRef Forsyth JJ, Reilly T (2005) The combined effect of time of day and menstrual cycle on lactate threshold. Med Sci Sports Exerc 37(12):2046–2053PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Gobatto CA, de Mello MA, Sibuya CY, de Azevedo JR, dos Santos LA, Kokubun E (2001) Maximal lactate steady state in rats submitted to swimming exercise. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 130(1):21–27PubMedCrossRef Gobatto CA, de Mello MA, Sibuya CY, de Azevedo JR, dos Santos LA, Kokubun E (2001) Maximal lactate steady state in rats submitted to swimming exercise. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 130(1):21–27PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Harnish CR, Swensen TC, Pate RR (2001) Methods for estimating the maximal lactate steady state in trained cyclists. Med Sci Sports Exerc 33(6):1052–1055PubMedCrossRef Harnish CR, Swensen TC, Pate RR (2001) Methods for estimating the maximal lactate steady state in trained cyclists. Med Sci Sports Exerc 33(6):1052–1055PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Haverty M, Kenney WL, Hodgson JL (1988) Lactate and gas exchange responses to incremental and steady state running. Br J Sports Med 22(2):51–54PubMedCrossRef Haverty M, Kenney WL, Hodgson JL (1988) Lactate and gas exchange responses to incremental and steady state running. Br J Sports Med 22(2):51–54PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Heck H, Mader A, Hess G, Mücke S, Müller R, Hollman W (1985) Justification of the 4.0 mmol/l lactate threshold. Int J Sports Med 6:117–130PubMedCrossRef Heck H, Mader A, Hess G, Mücke S, Müller R, Hollman W (1985) Justification of the 4.0 mmol/l lactate threshold. Int J Sports Med 6:117–130PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Hofmann P, Pokan R, von Duvillard SP, Seibert FJ, Zweiker R, Schmid P (1997) Heart rate performance curve during incremental cycle ergometer exercise in healthy young male subjects. Med Sci Sports Exerc 29(6):762–768PubMedCrossRef Hofmann P, Pokan R, von Duvillard SP, Seibert FJ, Zweiker R, Schmid P (1997) Heart rate performance curve during incremental cycle ergometer exercise in healthy young male subjects. Med Sci Sports Exerc 29(6):762–768PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Hofmann P, Bunc V, Leitner H, Pokan R, Gaisl G (1994) Heart rate threshold related to lactate turn point and steady-state exercise on a cycle ergometer. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 69(2):132–139PubMedCrossRef Hofmann P, Bunc V, Leitner H, Pokan R, Gaisl G (1994) Heart rate threshold related to lactate turn point and steady-state exercise on a cycle ergometer. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 69(2):132–139PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Jeukendrup AE, Moseley L, Mainwaring GI, Samuels S, Perry S, Mann CH (2006) Exogenous carbohydrate oxidation during ultraendurance exercise. J Appl Physiol 100(4):1134–1141PubMedCrossRef Jeukendrup AE, Moseley L, Mainwaring GI, Samuels S, Perry S, Mann CH (2006) Exogenous carbohydrate oxidation during ultraendurance exercise. J Appl Physiol 100(4):1134–1141PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Jones AM, Doust JH (1998) The validity of the lactate minimum test for determination of the maximal lactate steady state. Med Sci Sports Exerc 30(8):1304–1313PubMedCrossRef Jones AM, Doust JH (1998) The validity of the lactate minimum test for determination of the maximal lactate steady state. Med Sci Sports Exerc 30(8):1304–1313PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Jones AM, Carter H (2000) The effect of endurance training on parameters of aerobic fitness. Sports Med 29(6):373–386PubMedCrossRef Jones AM, Carter H (2000) The effect of endurance training on parameters of aerobic fitness. Sports Med 29(6):373–386PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference MacIntosh BR, Esau S, Svedahl K (2002) The lactate minimum test for cycling: estimation of the maximal lactate steady state. Can J Appl Physiol 27(3):232–249PubMedCrossRef MacIntosh BR, Esau S, Svedahl K (2002) The lactate minimum test for cycling: estimation of the maximal lactate steady state. Can J Appl Physiol 27(3):232–249PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Mocellin R, Heusgen M, Korsten-Reck U (1990) Maximal steady state blood lactate levels in 11-year-old boys. Eur J Pediatr 149(11):771–773PubMedCrossRef Mocellin R, Heusgen M, Korsten-Reck U (1990) Maximal steady state blood lactate levels in 11-year-old boys. Eur J Pediatr 149(11):771–773PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Mocellin R, Heusgen M, Gildein HP (1991) Anaerobic threshold and maximal steady-state blood lactate in prepubertal boys. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 62(1):56–60PubMedCrossRef Mocellin R, Heusgen M, Gildein HP (1991) Anaerobic threshold and maximal steady-state blood lactate in prepubertal boys. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 62(1):56–60PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Myburgh KH, Viljoen A, Tereblanche S (2001) Plasma lactate concentrations for self selected maximal effort lasting 1 h. Med Sci Sports Exerc 33(1):152–156PubMed Myburgh KH, Viljoen A, Tereblanche S (2001) Plasma lactate concentrations for self selected maximal effort lasting 1 h. Med Sci Sports Exerc 33(1):152–156PubMed
go back to reference Pagliassotti MJ, Donovan CM (1990) Role of cell type in net lactate removal by skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol 258:E635–E642PubMed Pagliassotti MJ, Donovan CM (1990) Role of cell type in net lactate removal by skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol 258:E635–E642PubMed
go back to reference Pokan R, Hofmann P, von Duvillard SP, Beaufort F, Smekal G, Gasser R, Klein W, Eber B, Bachl N, Schmid P (1998) The heart rate performance curve and left ventricular function during exercise in patients after myocardial infarction. Med Sci Sports Exerc 30(10):1475–1480PubMedCrossRef Pokan R, Hofmann P, von Duvillard SP, Beaufort F, Smekal G, Gasser R, Klein W, Eber B, Bachl N, Schmid P (1998) The heart rate performance curve and left ventricular function during exercise in patients after myocardial infarction. Med Sci Sports Exerc 30(10):1475–1480PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Pringle JS, Jones AM (2002) Maximal lactate steady state, critical power and EMG during cycling. Eur J Appl Physiol 88(3):214–226PubMedCrossRef Pringle JS, Jones AM (2002) Maximal lactate steady state, critical power and EMG during cycling. Eur J Appl Physiol 88(3):214–226PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Smekal G, Scharl A, von Duvillard SP, Pokan R, Baca A, Baron R, Tschan H, Hofmann P, Bachl N (2002) Accuracy of neuro-fuzzy logic and regression calculations in determining maximal lactate steady-state power output from incremental tests in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 88(3):264–274PubMedCrossRef Smekal G, Scharl A, von Duvillard SP, Pokan R, Baca A, Baron R, Tschan H, Hofmann P, Bachl N (2002) Accuracy of neuro-fuzzy logic and regression calculations in determining maximal lactate steady-state power output from incremental tests in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 88(3):264–274PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Smekal G, von Duvillard SP, Frigo P, Tegelhofer T, Pokan R, Hofmann P, Tschan H, Baron R, Wonisch M, Renezeder K, Bachl N (2007) Menstrual cycle: no effect on exercise cardiorespiratory variables or blood lactate concentration. Med Sci Sports Exerc 39(7):1098–1106PubMedCrossRef Smekal G, von Duvillard SP, Frigo P, Tegelhofer T, Pokan R, Hofmann P, Tschan H, Baron R, Wonisch M, Renezeder K, Bachl N (2007) Menstrual cycle: no effect on exercise cardiorespiratory variables or blood lactate concentration. Med Sci Sports Exerc 39(7):1098–1106PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Smith CG, Jones AM (2001) The relationship between critical velocity, maximal lactate steady-state velocity and lactate turnpoint velocity in runners. Eur J Appl Physiol 85(1–2):19–26PubMedCrossRef Smith CG, Jones AM (2001) The relationship between critical velocity, maximal lactate steady-state velocity and lactate turnpoint velocity in runners. Eur J Appl Physiol 85(1–2):19–26PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Usaj A, Starc V (1996) Blood pH and lactate kinetics in the assessment of running endurance. Int J Sports Med 17(1):34–40PubMedCrossRef Usaj A, Starc V (1996) Blood pH and lactate kinetics in the assessment of running endurance. Int J Sports Med 17(1):34–40PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Wasserman K (1984) The anaerobic threshold measurement to evaluate exercise performance. Am Rev Respir Dis 129(Suppl):S35–S40PubMed Wasserman K (1984) The anaerobic threshold measurement to evaluate exercise performance. Am Rev Respir Dis 129(Suppl):S35–S40PubMed
go back to reference Yamamoto Y, Miyashita M, Hughson RL, Tamura S, Shinohara M, Mutoh Y (1991) The ventilatory threshold gives maximal lactate steady state. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 63(1):55–59PubMedCrossRef Yamamoto Y, Miyashita M, Hughson RL, Tamura S, Shinohara M, Mutoh Y (1991) The ventilatory threshold gives maximal lactate steady state. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 63(1):55–59PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Yoshida T (1984) Effect of dietary modifications on lactate threshold and onset of blood lactate accumulation during incremental exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 53(3):200–205PubMedCrossRef Yoshida T (1984) Effect of dietary modifications on lactate threshold and onset of blood lactate accumulation during incremental exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 53(3):200–205PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Blood lactate concentration at the maximal lactate steady state is not dependent on endurance capacity in healthy recreationally trained individuals
Authors
Gerhard Smekal
Serge P. von Duvillard
Rochus Pokan
Peter Hofmann
William A. Braun
Paul J. Arciero
Harald Tschan
Manfred Wonisch
Ramon Baron
Norbert Bachl
Publication date
01-08-2012
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
European Journal of Applied Physiology / Issue 8/2012
Print ISSN: 1439-6319
Electronic ISSN: 1439-6327
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-2283-7

Other articles of this Issue 8/2012

European Journal of Applied Physiology 8/2012 Go to the issue