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International Journal of Implant Dentistry

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Open Access 01-12-2021 | Bleeding on Probing | Review

Influence of macrophage polarization on the effectiveness of surgical therapy of peri-implantitis

Authors: Maria Elisa Galarraga-Vinueza, Karina Obreja, Chantal Khoury, Amira Begic, Ausra Ramanauskaite, Anton Sculean, Frank Schwarz

Published in: International Journal of Implant Dentistry | Issue 1/2021

Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate the influence of macrophage expression and polarization on the effectiveness of surgical therapy of peri-implantitis over a 6 month follow-up.

Methods

A total of fourteen patients (n = 14 implants) diagnosed with peri-implantitis underwent access flap surgery, granulation tissue removal, implantoplasty, and augmentation at intra-bony components using a natural derived bone mineral and application of a native collagen membrane during a standardized surgical procedure. Granulation tissue biopsies were prepared for immunohistochemical characterization and macrophage polarization assessment. M1 and M2 phenotype expression was identified and quantified through immunohistochemical markers and histomorphometrical analyses. Clinical evaluation and data collection were performed initially and after a healing period of 6 months. Statistical analyses were performed to associate infiltrated area, macrophage, and M1/M2 phenotype influence on peri-implant tissue healing parameters after a 6-month follow-up.

Results

Mean infiltrated compartment (ICT) values occupied a total percentage of 70.3% ± 13.0 in the analyzed granulation tissue biopsies. Macrophages occupied a mean area of 15.3% ± 7.0. M1 and M2 phenotypes were present in 7.1 ± 4.1% and 5.5 ± 3.7%, respectively. No statistically significant difference was observed between M1 and M2% expression (p = 0.16). The mean M1/ M2 ratio amounted to 1.5 ± 0.8. Surgical therapy was associated with statistically significant reductions in mean bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and suppuration (SUPP) scores at 6 months (p < 0.05). Linear regression analyses revealed a significant correlation between macrophage expression (CD68%) and changes in PD scores and M1 (%) expression and changes in mucosal recession (MR) scores at 6 months.

Conclusions

The present data suggest that macrophages might influence peri-implant tissue healing mechanisms following surgical therapy of peri-implantitis over a short-term period. Particularly, changes in PD and MR scores were statistically significantly associated with macrophage expression and phenotype.

Graphical Abstract

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Title: Influence of macrophage polarization on the effectiveness of surgical therapy of peri-implantitis
Authors: Maria Elisa Galarraga-Vinueza
Karina Obreja
Chantal Khoury
Amira Begic
Ausra Ramanauskaite
Anton Sculean
Frank Schwarz
Publication date: 01-12-2021
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keywords: Bleeding on Probing
Dental Plaque Index
Published in: International Journal of Implant Dentistry / Issue 1/2021
Electronic ISSN: 2198-4034
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-021-00391-2

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Influence of macrophage polarization on the effectiveness of surgical therapy of peri-implantitis

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Graphical Abstract

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Graphical Abstract

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