Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Sciences 4/2012

01-07-2012 | Review article

Biliary tract carcinoma: clinical perspectives on molecular targeting strategies for therapeutic options

Authors: Junichi Shoda, Kazunori Ishige, Hiroaki Sugiyama, Toru Kawamoto

Published in: Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Sciences | Issue 4/2012

Login to get access

Abstract

Biliary tract carcinoma (BTC) is a lethal malignancy. This lethality is essentially attributed to both slow carcinogenesis occurring under complex pathological circumstances and to the asymptomatic growth of BTC infiltrating the surrounding structures by varying routes. The disease is therefore usually detected at an advanced stage with a high frequency of distant organ metastasis. To date, conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy have been notably ineffective against BTC. For an improved treatment outcome of BTC and prolonged survival, there is now a real and urgent need to focus on developing novel and potent therapeutic strategies aimed at exploiting select molecular targets associated with tumor proliferation, invasion, and/or metastasis that would impact in a significant way on clinical outcome. The outcomes of recent studies, by the analysis of BTC cells, BTC animal models, and clinical specimens of BTC patients, have revealed, in detail, the molecular mechanism of carcinogenesis and tumor progression of BTC, and these studies have exploited select molecular targets that could significantly impact the clinical outcome. In the near future, the development of new molecular targeting drugs with potent efficacy against BTC, and the performance of randomized clinical trials of these drugs are urgent and essential for the treatment of patients with BTC.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Japan VSo. Tokyo (Japan): Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare: Statistics Assoc.; 1998. Japan VSo. Tokyo (Japan): Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare: Statistics Assoc.; 1998.
2.
go back to reference Patel T. Increasing incidence and mortality of primary intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States. Hepatology. 2001;33:1353–7.PubMedCrossRef Patel T. Increasing incidence and mortality of primary intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States. Hepatology. 2001;33:1353–7.PubMedCrossRef
3.
go back to reference Taylar-Robinson SD, Toledano MB, Arora S, Keegan TJ, Hargreaves S, Beck A, et al. Increase in mortality rates from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in England and Wales 1968–1998. Gut. 2001;48:816–20.CrossRef Taylar-Robinson SD, Toledano MB, Arora S, Keegan TJ, Hargreaves S, Beck A, et al. Increase in mortality rates from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in England and Wales 1968–1998. Gut. 2001;48:816–20.CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Valle J, Wasan H, Palmer DH, Cunningham D, Anthoney A, Maraveyas A, Madhusudan S, Iveson T, Hughes S, Hughes S, Pereira SP, Roughton M, Bridgewater J. Cisplatin plus gemcitabine versus gemcitabine for biliary tract cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:1273–81.PubMedCrossRef Valle J, Wasan H, Palmer DH, Cunningham D, Anthoney A, Maraveyas A, Madhusudan S, Iveson T, Hughes S, Hughes S, Pereira SP, Roughton M, Bridgewater J. Cisplatin plus gemcitabine versus gemcitabine for biliary tract cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:1273–81.PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Randi G, Franceschi S, Vecchia CL. Gallbladder cancer world wide: geographical distribution and risk factors. Int J Cancer. 2006;118:1591–602.PubMedCrossRef Randi G, Franceschi S, Vecchia CL. Gallbladder cancer world wide: geographical distribution and risk factors. Int J Cancer. 2006;118:1591–602.PubMedCrossRef
6.
go back to reference Lazcano-Ponce EC, Miquel JF, Munoz N, et al. Epidemiology and molecular pathology of gallbladder cancer. CA Cancer J Clin. 2008;51:349–64.CrossRef Lazcano-Ponce EC, Miquel JF, Munoz N, et al. Epidemiology and molecular pathology of gallbladder cancer. CA Cancer J Clin. 2008;51:349–64.CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Okuda K, Nakanuma Y, Miyazaki M. Cholangiocarcinoma: recent progress. Part 1: epidemiology and etiology. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2002;17:1049–55.PubMedCrossRef Okuda K, Nakanuma Y, Miyazaki M. Cholangiocarcinoma: recent progress. Part 1: epidemiology and etiology. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2002;17:1049–55.PubMedCrossRef
8.
9.
go back to reference Sirica AE. Cholangiocarcinoma: molecular targeting strategies for chemoprevention and therapy. Hepatology. 2005;41:5–15.PubMedCrossRef Sirica AE. Cholangiocarcinoma: molecular targeting strategies for chemoprevention and therapy. Hepatology. 2005;41:5–15.PubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Zen Y, Fujii T, Itatsu K, et al. Biliary cystic tumors with bile duct communication: a cystic variant of intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct. Mod Pathol. 2006;19:1243–54.PubMedCrossRef Zen Y, Fujii T, Itatsu K, et al. Biliary cystic tumors with bile duct communication: a cystic variant of intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct. Mod Pathol. 2006;19:1243–54.PubMedCrossRef
11.
go back to reference Zen Y, Fujii T, Itatsu K, et al. Biliary papillary tumors share pathological features with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas. Hepatology. 2006;44:1333–43.PubMedCrossRef Zen Y, Fujii T, Itatsu K, et al. Biliary papillary tumors share pathological features with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas. Hepatology. 2006;44:1333–43.PubMedCrossRef
12.
go back to reference Sirica AE. Bile duct cancer, ERBB-2, and COX-2. Sci Med. 2002;8:268–77. Sirica AE. Bile duct cancer, ERBB-2, and COX-2. Sci Med. 2002;8:268–77.
13.
go back to reference Endo K, Yoon B, Pairojkul C, et al. ERBB-2 overexpression and cyclooxygenase-2 up-regulation in human cholangiocarcinoma and risk conditions. Hepatology. 2002;36:439–50.PubMedCrossRef Endo K, Yoon B, Pairojkul C, et al. ERBB-2 overexpression and cyclooxygenase-2 up-regulation in human cholangiocarcinoma and risk conditions. Hepatology. 2002;36:439–50.PubMedCrossRef
14.
go back to reference Sirica AE, Lai G-H, Zhang Z. Biliary cancer growth factor pathways, cyclo-oxygenase-2 and potential therapeutic strategies. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2001;16:363–72.PubMedCrossRef Sirica AE, Lai G-H, Zhang Z. Biliary cancer growth factor pathways, cyclo-oxygenase-2 and potential therapeutic strategies. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2001;16:363–72.PubMedCrossRef
15.
go back to reference Lai G-H, Radaeva S, Nakamura T, et al. Unique epithelial cell production of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor by putative precancerous intestinal metaplasias and associated “intestinal-type” biliary cancer chemically induced in rat liver. Hepatology. 2003;31:1257–65.CrossRef Lai G-H, Radaeva S, Nakamura T, et al. Unique epithelial cell production of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor by putative precancerous intestinal metaplasias and associated “intestinal-type” biliary cancer chemically induced in rat liver. Hepatology. 2003;31:1257–65.CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Yokoyama S, Tsuji H, Lunz JG III, et al. Growth control of human biliary epithelial cells by interleukin 6, hepatocyte growth factor, transforming growth factor b1 and activin A: comparison of a cholangiocarcinoma cell line with primary cultures of non-specific biliary epithelial cells. Hepatology. 2000;32:26–35.CrossRef Yokoyama S, Tsuji H, Lunz JG III, et al. Growth control of human biliary epithelial cells by interleukin 6, hepatocyte growth factor, transforming growth factor b1 and activin A: comparison of a cholangiocarcinoma cell line with primary cultures of non-specific biliary epithelial cells. Hepatology. 2000;32:26–35.CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Yoon J-H, Higuchi H, Werneburg NW, et al. Bile acids induce cyclooxygenase-2 expression via the epidermal growth factor receptor in a human cholangiocarcinoma cell line. Gastroenterology. 2002;122:985–93.PubMedCrossRef Yoon J-H, Higuchi H, Werneburg NW, et al. Bile acids induce cyclooxygenase-2 expression via the epidermal growth factor receptor in a human cholangiocarcinoma cell line. Gastroenterology. 2002;122:985–93.PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Werneburg NW, Yoon J-H, Higuchi H, et al. Bile acids activate EGF receptor via a TGF-dependent mechanism in human cholangiocyte cell lines. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2003;285:G31–6.PubMed Werneburg NW, Yoon J-H, Higuchi H, et al. Bile acids activate EGF receptor via a TGF-dependent mechanism in human cholangiocyte cell lines. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2003;285:G31–6.PubMed
19.
go back to reference Carraway KL, Ramsauer VP, Haq B, et al. Cell signaling through membrane mucins. Biol Essays. 2002;25:66–71. Carraway KL, Ramsauer VP, Haq B, et al. Cell signaling through membrane mucins. Biol Essays. 2002;25:66–71.
20.
go back to reference Ochiai A, Akimoto S, Kanai Y, et al. cerbB-2 Gene product associates with catenins in human cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994;205:73–8.PubMedCrossRef Ochiai A, Akimoto S, Kanai Y, et al. cerbB-2 Gene product associates with catenins in human cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994;205:73–8.PubMedCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Miyahara N, Shoda J, Ishige K, et al. MUC4 interacts with ErbB2 in human gallbladder carcinoma: potential pathobiological implications. Eur J Cancer. 2008;44:1048–56.PubMedCrossRef Miyahara N, Shoda J, Ishige K, et al. MUC4 interacts with ErbB2 in human gallbladder carcinoma: potential pathobiological implications. Eur J Cancer. 2008;44:1048–56.PubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Zhang Z, Lai G-H, Sirica AE. Celecoxib-induced apoptosis in rat cholangiocarcinoma cells mediated by Akt inactivation and Bax translocation. Hepatology. 2004;39:1028–37.PubMedCrossRef Zhang Z, Lai G-H, Sirica AE. Celecoxib-induced apoptosis in rat cholangiocarcinoma cells mediated by Akt inactivation and Bax translocation. Hepatology. 2004;39:1028–37.PubMedCrossRef
23.
go back to reference Lai G-H, Zhang Z, Sirica AE. Celecoxib acts in a cyclooxygenase-2-independent manner and in synergy with emodin to suppress rat cholangiocarcinoma growth in vitro through a mechanism involving enhanced Akt inactivation and increased activation of caspases-9 and -3. Mol Cancer Ther. 2003;2:265–71.PubMed Lai G-H, Zhang Z, Sirica AE. Celecoxib acts in a cyclooxygenase-2-independent manner and in synergy with emodin to suppress rat cholangiocarcinoma growth in vitro through a mechanism involving enhanced Akt inactivation and increased activation of caspases-9 and -3. Mol Cancer Ther. 2003;2:265–71.PubMed
24.
go back to reference Wu T, Han C, Lunz JG III, Michalopoulos G, Shelhamer JH, Demetris AJ. Involvement of 85-kd cytosolic phospholipase A(2) and cyclooxygenase-2 in the proliferation of human cholangiocarcinoma cells. Hepatology. 2002;36:363–73.PubMedCrossRef Wu T, Han C, Lunz JG III, Michalopoulos G, Shelhamer JH, Demetris AJ. Involvement of 85-kd cytosolic phospholipase A(2) and cyclooxygenase-2 in the proliferation of human cholangiocarcinoma cells. Hepatology. 2002;36:363–73.PubMedCrossRef
25.
go back to reference Eibl G, Bruemmer D, Okada Y, Duffy JP, Law RE, Reber HA, et al. PGE2 is generated by specific COX-2 activity and increases VEGF production in COX-2-expressing human pancreatic cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003;306:887–97.PubMedCrossRef Eibl G, Bruemmer D, Okada Y, Duffy JP, Law RE, Reber HA, et al. PGE2 is generated by specific COX-2 activity and increases VEGF production in COX-2-expressing human pancreatic cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003;306:887–97.PubMedCrossRef
26.
go back to reference Fukuda R, Kelly B, Semenza GL. Vascular endothelial growth factor gene expression in colon cancer cells exposed to prostaglandin E2 is mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1. Cancer Res. 2003;63:2330–4.PubMed Fukuda R, Kelly B, Semenza GL. Vascular endothelial growth factor gene expression in colon cancer cells exposed to prostaglandin E2 is mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1. Cancer Res. 2003;63:2330–4.PubMed
27.
go back to reference Scibetta AG, Albanese I, Morris J, et al. Regulation of MUC1 expression in human mammary cell lines by the c-ErbB2 and Ras signaling pathways. DNA Cell Biol. 2001;20:265–74.PubMedCrossRef Scibetta AG, Albanese I, Morris J, et al. Regulation of MUC1 expression in human mammary cell lines by the c-ErbB2 and Ras signaling pathways. DNA Cell Biol. 2001;20:265–74.PubMedCrossRef
28.
go back to reference Laughner E, Taghavi P, Chiles K, et al. HER2 (neu) signaling increases the rate of hypoxia-inducible factor 1a (HIF-1a) synthesis: novel mechanism for HIF-1-mediated vascular endothelial growth factor expression. Mol Cell Biol. 2001;21:3995–4004.PubMedCrossRef Laughner E, Taghavi P, Chiles K, et al. HER2 (neu) signaling increases the rate of hypoxia-inducible factor 1a (HIF-1a) synthesis: novel mechanism for HIF-1-mediated vascular endothelial growth factor expression. Mol Cell Biol. 2001;21:3995–4004.PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Yen L, Benlimame N, Nie Z-R, et al. Differential regulation of tumor angiogenesis by distinct ErbB homo- and heterodimers. Mol Biol Cell. 2002;13:4029–44.PubMedCrossRef Yen L, Benlimame N, Nie Z-R, et al. Differential regulation of tumor angiogenesis by distinct ErbB homo- and heterodimers. Mol Biol Cell. 2002;13:4029–44.PubMedCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Goueli BS, Janknecht R. Upregulation of the catalytic telomerase subunit by the transcription factor ER 81 and oncogenic HER2/Neu, Ras, or Raf. Mol Cell Biol. 2004;24:25–35.PubMedCrossRef Goueli BS, Janknecht R. Upregulation of the catalytic telomerase subunit by the transcription factor ER 81 and oncogenic HER2/Neu, Ras, or Raf. Mol Cell Biol. 2004;24:25–35.PubMedCrossRef
31.
go back to reference Benckert C, Jonas S, Cramer T, et al. Transforming growth factor beta1 stimulates vascular endothelial growth factor gene transcription in human cholangiocellular carcinoma cells. Cancer Res. 2003;63:1083–92.PubMed Benckert C, Jonas S, Cramer T, et al. Transforming growth factor beta1 stimulates vascular endothelial growth factor gene transcription in human cholangiocellular carcinoma cells. Cancer Res. 2003;63:1083–92.PubMed
32.
go back to reference Kiguchi K, Carbajal S, Chan K, et al. Constitutive expression of ErbB-2 in gallbladder epithelium results in development of adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res. 2001;61:6971–6.PubMed Kiguchi K, Carbajal S, Chan K, et al. Constitutive expression of ErbB-2 in gallbladder epithelium results in development of adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res. 2001;61:6971–6.PubMed
33.
go back to reference Kawamoto T. Development of molecular targeting therapy on gallbladder carcinoma using BK5.erbB2 transgenic mice. Tan Sui. 2010;31:395–408. (in Japanese). Kawamoto T. Development of molecular targeting therapy on gallbladder carcinoma using BK5.erbB2 transgenic mice. Tan Sui. 2010;31:395–408. (in Japanese).
34.
go back to reference Kiguchi K, Ruffino L, Kawamoto T, et al. Chemopreventive and therapeutic efficacy of orally active tyrosine kinase inhibitors in a transgenic mouse model of gallbladder carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2005;11:5572–80.PubMedCrossRef Kiguchi K, Ruffino L, Kawamoto T, et al. Chemopreventive and therapeutic efficacy of orally active tyrosine kinase inhibitors in a transgenic mouse model of gallbladder carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2005;11:5572–80.PubMedCrossRef
35.
go back to reference Nonomura A, Ohta G, Nakanuma Y, et al. Simultaneous detection of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and ras p21 in cholangiocarcinoma by an immunohistochemical method. Liver. 1988;8:157–66.PubMed Nonomura A, Ohta G, Nakanuma Y, et al. Simultaneous detection of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and ras p21 in cholangiocarcinoma by an immunohistochemical method. Liver. 1988;8:157–66.PubMed
36.
go back to reference Nakazawa K, Dobashi Y, Suzuki S, et al. Amplification and overexpression of c-erbB-2, epidermal growth factor receptor, and c-met in biliary tract cancers. J Pathol. 2005;206:356–65.PubMedCrossRef Nakazawa K, Dobashi Y, Suzuki S, et al. Amplification and overexpression of c-erbB-2, epidermal growth factor receptor, and c-met in biliary tract cancers. J Pathol. 2005;206:356–65.PubMedCrossRef
37.
go back to reference Kawamoto T, Krishnamurthy S, Tarco E, et al. HER receptor family: novel candidate for target therapy for gallbladder and extrahepatic bile duct cancer. Gastrointest Cancer Res. 2007;1:221–7.PubMed Kawamoto T, Krishnamurthy S, Tarco E, et al. HER receptor family: novel candidate for target therapy for gallbladder and extrahepatic bile duct cancer. Gastrointest Cancer Res. 2007;1:221–7.PubMed
38.
go back to reference Pignochino Y, Sarotto I, Peraldo-Neia C, Penachioni JY, Cavalloni G, Migliardi G, Casorzo L, Chiorino G, Risio M, Bardelli A, Aglietta M. Targeting EGFR/HER2 pathways enhances the antiproliferative effect of gemcitabine in biliary tract and gallbladder carcinomas. BMC Cancer. 2010;10:631.PubMedCrossRef Pignochino Y, Sarotto I, Peraldo-Neia C, Penachioni JY, Cavalloni G, Migliardi G, Casorzo L, Chiorino G, Risio M, Bardelli A, Aglietta M. Targeting EGFR/HER2 pathways enhances the antiproliferative effect of gemcitabine in biliary tract and gallbladder carcinomas. BMC Cancer. 2010;10:631.PubMedCrossRef
39.
go back to reference Kawamoto T, Shoda J, Asano T, et al. Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in the subserosal layer correlates with postsurgical prognosis of pathological tumor stage 2 carcinoma of the gallbladder. Int J Cancer. 2002;98:427–34.PubMedCrossRef Kawamoto T, Shoda J, Asano T, et al. Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in the subserosal layer correlates with postsurgical prognosis of pathological tumor stage 2 carcinoma of the gallbladder. Int J Cancer. 2002;98:427–34.PubMedCrossRef
40.
go back to reference Asano T, Shoda J, Kawamoto T, et al. Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in carcinoma of the gallbladder–crucial role of arachidonate metabolism in tumor growth and progression. Clin Cancer Res. 2002;8:1157–67.PubMed Asano T, Shoda J, Kawamoto T, et al. Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in carcinoma of the gallbladder–crucial role of arachidonate metabolism in tumor growth and progression. Clin Cancer Res. 2002;8:1157–67.PubMed
41.
go back to reference Shoda J, Ueda T, Kawamoto T, et al. Involvement of prostaglandin E2 and its specific receptor subtype EP4 in chronic proliferative cholangitis in the bile ducts of patients with hepatolithiasis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2003;1:285–96.PubMedCrossRef Shoda J, Ueda T, Kawamoto T, et al. Involvement of prostaglandin E2 and its specific receptor subtype EP4 in chronic proliferative cholangitis in the bile ducts of patients with hepatolithiasis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2003;1:285–96.PubMedCrossRef
42.
go back to reference Vadlamudi R, Mandal M, Adam L, et al. Regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 pathway by HER2 receptor. Oncogene. 1999;18:305–14.PubMedCrossRef Vadlamudi R, Mandal M, Adam L, et al. Regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 pathway by HER2 receptor. Oncogene. 1999;18:305–14.PubMedCrossRef
43.
go back to reference Benoit V, Relic B, de Leval X, et al. Regulation of HER-2 oncogene expression by cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E2. Oncogene. 2004;23:1631–5.PubMedCrossRef Benoit V, Relic B, de Leval X, et al. Regulation of HER-2 oncogene expression by cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E2. Oncogene. 2004;23:1631–5.PubMedCrossRef
44.
go back to reference Kiguchi K, Ruffino L, Kawamoto T, et al. Therapeutic effect of CS-706, a specific cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, on gallbladder carcinoma in BK5.ErbB-2 mice. Mol Cancer Ther. 2007;6:1709–17.PubMedCrossRef Kiguchi K, Ruffino L, Kawamoto T, et al. Therapeutic effect of CS-706, a specific cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, on gallbladder carcinoma in BK5.ErbB-2 mice. Mol Cancer Ther. 2007;6:1709–17.PubMedCrossRef
45.
go back to reference Mobius C, Demuth C, Aigner T, et al. Evaluation of VEGF A expression and microvascular density as prognostic factors in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2007;33:1025–9.PubMedCrossRef Mobius C, Demuth C, Aigner T, et al. Evaluation of VEGF A expression and microvascular density as prognostic factors in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2007;33:1025–9.PubMedCrossRef
46.
go back to reference Nakashima T, Kondoh S, Kitoh H, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor-C expression in human gallbladder cancer and its relationship to lymph node metastasis. Int J Mol Med. 2003;11:33–9.PubMed Nakashima T, Kondoh S, Kitoh H, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor-C expression in human gallbladder cancer and its relationship to lymph node metastasis. Int J Mol Med. 2003;11:33–9.PubMed
47.
go back to reference Hida Y, Moruta T, Fujita M, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor expression is an independent negative predictor in extrahepatic biliary tract carcinoma. Anticancer Res. 1999;19:2257–60.PubMed Hida Y, Moruta T, Fujita M, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor expression is an independent negative predictor in extrahepatic biliary tract carcinoma. Anticancer Res. 1999;19:2257–60.PubMed
48.
go back to reference Liu Z, Sakamoto T, Ezure T, et al. Interleukin-6, hepatocyte growth factor, and their receptors in biliary epithelial cells during a type I ductular reaction in mice: interactions between the periductal inflammatory and stromal cells and the biliary epithelium. Hepatology. 1998;28:1260–8.PubMedCrossRef Liu Z, Sakamoto T, Ezure T, et al. Interleukin-6, hepatocyte growth factor, and their receptors in biliary epithelial cells during a type I ductular reaction in mice: interactions between the periductal inflammatory and stromal cells and the biliary epithelium. Hepatology. 1998;28:1260–8.PubMedCrossRef
49.
go back to reference Polimeno L, Azzarone A, Zeng QH, et al. Cell proliferation and oncogene expression after bile duct ligation in the rat: evidence of a specific growth effect on bile duct cells. Hepatology. 1995;21:1070–8.PubMed Polimeno L, Azzarone A, Zeng QH, et al. Cell proliferation and oncogene expression after bile duct ligation in the rat: evidence of a specific growth effect on bile duct cells. Hepatology. 1995;21:1070–8.PubMed
50.
go back to reference Napoli J, Prentice D, Niinami C, et al. Sequential increases in the intrahepatic expression of epidermal growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and transforming growth factor beta in a bile duct ligated rat model of cirrhosis. Hepatology. 1997;26:624–633. Napoli J, Prentice D, Niinami C, et al. Sequential increases in the intrahepatic expression of epidermal growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and transforming growth factor beta in a bile duct ligated rat model of cirrhosis. Hepatology. 1997;26:624–633.
51.
go back to reference Rashid A. Cellular and molecular biology of biliary tract cancers. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2002;11:995–1009.PubMedCrossRef Rashid A. Cellular and molecular biology of biliary tract cancers. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2002;11:995–1009.PubMedCrossRef
52.
go back to reference Terada T, Nakanuma Y, Sirica AE. Immunohistochemical demonstration of MET overexpression in human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and in hepatolithiasis. Hum Pathol. 1998;29:175–80.PubMedCrossRef Terada T, Nakanuma Y, Sirica AE. Immunohistochemical demonstration of MET overexpression in human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and in hepatolithiasis. Hum Pathol. 1998;29:175–80.PubMedCrossRef
53.
go back to reference Shao J, Sheng H, Aramandla R, et al. Coordinate regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 and TGF-beta1 in replication error-positive colon cancer and azoxymethane induced rat colon tumors. Carcinogenesis. 1999;20:185–91.PubMedCrossRef Shao J, Sheng H, Aramandla R, et al. Coordinate regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 and TGF-beta1 in replication error-positive colon cancer and azoxymethane induced rat colon tumors. Carcinogenesis. 1999;20:185–91.PubMedCrossRef
54.
go back to reference Matsuzaki K, Date M, Furukawa F, et al. Autocrine stimulatory mechanism by transforming growth factor beta in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Res. 2000;60:1394–402.PubMed Matsuzaki K, Date M, Furukawa F, et al. Autocrine stimulatory mechanism by transforming growth factor beta in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Res. 2000;60:1394–402.PubMed
55.
go back to reference Shimizu T, Yokomuro S, Mizuguchi Y, et al. Effect of transforming growth factor-beta1 on human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cell growth. World J Gastroenterol. 2006;12:6316–24.PubMed Shimizu T, Yokomuro S, Mizuguchi Y, et al. Effect of transforming growth factor-beta1 on human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cell growth. World J Gastroenterol. 2006;12:6316–24.PubMed
56.
go back to reference Wu Q, Kiguchi K, Kawamoto T, et al. Therapeutic effect of rapamycin on gallbladder cancer in a transgenic mouse model. Cancer Res. 2007;67:3794–800.PubMedCrossRef Wu Q, Kiguchi K, Kawamoto T, et al. Therapeutic effect of rapamycin on gallbladder cancer in a transgenic mouse model. Cancer Res. 2007;67:3794–800.PubMedCrossRef
57.
go back to reference Ishige K, Shoda J, Kawamoto T, et al. Potent in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of interleukin-4-conjugated Pseudomonas exotoxin against human biliary tract carcinoma. Int J Cancer. 2008;123:2915–22.PubMedCrossRef Ishige K, Shoda J, Kawamoto T, et al. Potent in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of interleukin-4-conjugated Pseudomonas exotoxin against human biliary tract carcinoma. Int J Cancer. 2008;123:2915–22.PubMedCrossRef
58.
go back to reference Kawakami K, Kawakami M, Husain S, et al. Targeting interleukin-4 receptors for effective pancreatic cancer therapy. Cancer Res. 2002;62:3575–80.PubMed Kawakami K, Kawakami M, Husain S, et al. Targeting interleukin-4 receptors for effective pancreatic cancer therapy. Cancer Res. 2002;62:3575–80.PubMed
59.
go back to reference Shimamura T, Royal RE, Kioi M, et al. Interleukin-4 cytotoxin therapy synergizes with gemcitabine in a mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res. 2007;67:9903–12.PubMedCrossRef Shimamura T, Royal RE, Kioi M, et al. Interleukin-4 cytotoxin therapy synergizes with gemcitabine in a mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res. 2007;67:9903–12.PubMedCrossRef
60.
go back to reference LeRoith D, Roberts CT Jr. The insulin-like growth factor system and cancer. Cancer Lett. 2003;195:127–37.PubMedCrossRef LeRoith D, Roberts CT Jr. The insulin-like growth factor system and cancer. Cancer Lett. 2003;195:127–37.PubMedCrossRef
61.
go back to reference Mauro L, Surmacz E. IGF-I receptor, cell–cell adhesion, tumour development and progression. J Mol Histol. 2004;35:247–53.PubMedCrossRef Mauro L, Surmacz E. IGF-I receptor, cell–cell adhesion, tumour development and progression. J Mol Histol. 2004;35:247–53.PubMedCrossRef
62.
go back to reference Reinmuth N, Fan F, Liu W, et al. Impact of insulin-like growth factor receptor-I function on angiogenesis, growth, and metastasis of colon cancer. Lab Invest. 2002;82:1377–89.PubMed Reinmuth N, Fan F, Liu W, et al. Impact of insulin-like growth factor receptor-I function on angiogenesis, growth, and metastasis of colon cancer. Lab Invest. 2002;82:1377–89.PubMed
63.
go back to reference Imsumran A, Adachi Y, Yamamoto H, et al. Insulin-like growth factor-I receptor as a marker for prognosis and a therapeutic target in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Carcinogenesis. 2007;28:947–56.PubMedCrossRef Imsumran A, Adachi Y, Yamamoto H, et al. Insulin-like growth factor-I receptor as a marker for prognosis and a therapeutic target in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Carcinogenesis. 2007;28:947–56.PubMedCrossRef
64.
go back to reference Kornprat P, Rehak P, Rüschoff J, et al. Expression of IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGF-IR in gallbladder carcinoma. A systematic analysis including primary and corresponding metastatic tumours. J Clin Pathol. 2006;59:202–6.PubMedCrossRef Kornprat P, Rehak P, Rüschoff J, et al. Expression of IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGF-IR in gallbladder carcinoma. A systematic analysis including primary and corresponding metastatic tumours. J Clin Pathol. 2006;59:202–6.PubMedCrossRef
65.
go back to reference Philip PA, Mahoney MR, Allmer C, et al. Phase II study of erlotinib in patients with advanced biliary cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:3069–74.PubMedCrossRef Philip PA, Mahoney MR, Allmer C, et al. Phase II study of erlotinib in patients with advanced biliary cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:3069–74.PubMedCrossRef
66.
go back to reference Ramanthan RK, Belani CP, Singh DA, et al. A phase II study of lapatinib in patients with advanced biliary tree and hepatocellular cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2009;doi:10.1007/s00280-009-0927-7. Ramanthan RK, Belani CP, Singh DA, et al. A phase II study of lapatinib in patients with advanced biliary tree and hepatocellular cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2009;doi:10.​1007/​s00280-009-0927-7.
67.
go back to reference Gruenberger B, Schuller J, Wrba F, Tamandl D, Kaczirek K, Roka R, Friemann-Pircher S, Gruenberger T. Cetuximab, gemcitabine, and oxaliplatin in patients with unresectable advanced or metastatic biliary tract cancer: a phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol. 2010;11:1142–8.PubMedCrossRef Gruenberger B, Schuller J, Wrba F, Tamandl D, Kaczirek K, Roka R, Friemann-Pircher S, Gruenberger T. Cetuximab, gemcitabine, and oxaliplatin in patients with unresectable advanced or metastatic biliary tract cancer: a phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol. 2010;11:1142–8.PubMedCrossRef
68.
go back to reference Safran H, Miner T, Resnick M, Dipetrillo T, McNulty B, Evans D, Joseph P, Plette A, Millis R, Sears D, Gutman N, Kennedy T. Lapatinib/gemcitabine and lapatinib/gemcitabine/oxaliplatin: a phase I study for advanced pancreaticobiliary cancer. Am J Clin Oncol. 2008;31:140–4.PubMedCrossRef Safran H, Miner T, Resnick M, Dipetrillo T, McNulty B, Evans D, Joseph P, Plette A, Millis R, Sears D, Gutman N, Kennedy T. Lapatinib/gemcitabine and lapatinib/gemcitabine/oxaliplatin: a phase I study for advanced pancreaticobiliary cancer. Am J Clin Oncol. 2008;31:140–4.PubMedCrossRef
69.
go back to reference Sandler A, Gray R, Perry MC, Brahmer J, Schiller JH, Dowlati A, Lilenbaum R, Johnson DH. Paclitaxel–carboplatin alone or with bevacizumab for non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:2542–50.PubMedCrossRef Sandler A, Gray R, Perry MC, Brahmer J, Schiller JH, Dowlati A, Lilenbaum R, Johnson DH. Paclitaxel–carboplatin alone or with bevacizumab for non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:2542–50.PubMedCrossRef
70.
go back to reference Giantonio BJ, Catalano PJ, Meropol NJ, et al. Bevacizumab in combination with oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin (FOLFOX4) for previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer: results from the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study E3200. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:1539–44.PubMedCrossRef Giantonio BJ, Catalano PJ, Meropol NJ, et al. Bevacizumab in combination with oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin (FOLFOX4) for previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer: results from the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study E3200. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:1539–44.PubMedCrossRef
71.
go back to reference Miller K, Wang M, Gralow J, et al. Paclitaxel plus bevacizumab versus paclitaxel alone for metastatic breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:2666–76.PubMedCrossRef Miller K, Wang M, Gralow J, et al. Paclitaxel plus bevacizumab versus paclitaxel alone for metastatic breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:2666–76.PubMedCrossRef
72.
go back to reference Zhu AX, Meyerhardt JA, Blaszkowsky LS, Kambadakone AR, Muzikansky A, Zheng H, Clark JW, Abrams TA, Chan JA, Enzinger PC, Bhargava P, Kwak E, Allen JN, Jain SR, Stuart K, Hatgan K, Sheehan S, Fuchs CS, Ryan DP, Sahani DV. Efficacy and safety of gemcitabine, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab in advanced biliary-tract cancers and correlation of changes in 18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET with clinical outcome: a phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol. 2010;11:48–54.PubMedCrossRef Zhu AX, Meyerhardt JA, Blaszkowsky LS, Kambadakone AR, Muzikansky A, Zheng H, Clark JW, Abrams TA, Chan JA, Enzinger PC, Bhargava P, Kwak E, Allen JN, Jain SR, Stuart K, Hatgan K, Sheehan S, Fuchs CS, Ryan DP, Sahani DV. Efficacy and safety of gemcitabine, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab in advanced biliary-tract cancers and correlation of changes in 18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET with clinical outcome: a phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol. 2010;11:48–54.PubMedCrossRef
73.
go back to reference Valle JW, Bridgewater JA, Roughton M, et al. ABC-03: a randomized, phase II/III study of cediranib (AZD2171) or placebo in combination with cisplatin/gemcitabine for patients with advanced biliary tract cancers. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28 Suppl abstr:TPS218. Valle JW, Bridgewater JA, Roughton M, et al. ABC-03: a randomized, phase II/III study of cediranib (AZD2171) or placebo in combination with cisplatin/gemcitabine for patients with advanced biliary tract cancers. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28 Suppl abstr:TPS218.
74.
go back to reference Morizane C, Okusaka T. Current status and future prospects of development in molecular target therapy. Kan Tan Sui. 2009;58:361–8. (in Japanese). Morizane C, Okusaka T. Current status and future prospects of development in molecular target therapy. Kan Tan Sui. 2009;58:361–8. (in Japanese).
Metadata
Title
Biliary tract carcinoma: clinical perspectives on molecular targeting strategies for therapeutic options
Authors
Junichi Shoda
Kazunori Ishige
Hiroaki Sugiyama
Toru Kawamoto
Publication date
01-07-2012
Publisher
Springer Japan
Published in
Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Sciences / Issue 4/2012
Print ISSN: 1868-6974
Electronic ISSN: 1868-6982
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00534-012-0520-z

Other articles of this Issue 4/2012

Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Sciences 4/2012 Go to the issue