Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Obesity Surgery 3/2009

01-03-2009 | Review

Bariatric Surgery, Safety and Type 2 Diabetes

Authors: Elias Spanakis, Claudia Gragnoli

Published in: Obesity Surgery | Issue 3/2009

Login to get access

Abstract

Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) represent major health concerns in the USA. Weight loss is the most important aspect in T2D management, as it reduces both morbidity and mortality. Available lifestyle, behavioral, and pharmacological strategies provide just mild to moderate weight loss. The greatest degree of T2D prevention or T2D amelioration in obese subjects has been reported in subjects who underwent bariatric surgery. In the current review, we will describe various types of bariatric surgery, related safety profiles, and their effect on T2D, as well as the potential mechanisms involved in the remission of T2D. Finally, we hereby examine whether bariatric surgery may be considered a treatment for T2D in pregnant women, children, adolescents and subjects at least 65 years old.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Boyle JP, Honeycutt AA, Narayan KM, et al. Projection of diabetes burden through 2050: impact of changing demography and disease prevalence in the U.S. Diabetes Care 2001;24(11):1936–40, Nov.CrossRefPubMed Boyle JP, Honeycutt AA, Narayan KM, et al. Projection of diabetes burden through 2050: impact of changing demography and disease prevalence in the U.S. Diabetes Care 2001;24(11):1936–40, Nov.CrossRefPubMed
2.
go back to reference Zimmet P, Shaw J, Alberti KG. Preventing type 2 diabetes and the dysmetabolic syndrome in the real world: a realistic view. Diabet Med 2003;20(9):693–702, Sep.CrossRefPubMed Zimmet P, Shaw J, Alberti KG. Preventing type 2 diabetes and the dysmetabolic syndrome in the real world: a realistic view. Diabet Med 2003;20(9):693–702, Sep.CrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference Wing RR, Marcus MD, Epstein LH, et al. Type II diabetic subjects lose less weight than their overweight nondiabetic spouses. Diabetes Care 1987;10(5):563–6, Sep–Oct.CrossRefPubMed Wing RR, Marcus MD, Epstein LH, et al. Type II diabetic subjects lose less weight than their overweight nondiabetic spouses. Diabetes Care 1987;10(5):563–6, Sep–Oct.CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Sjostrom L, Lindroos AK, Peltonen M, et al. Lifestyle, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk factors 10 years after bariatric surgery. N Engl J Med 2004;351(26):2683–93, Dec 23.CrossRefPubMed Sjostrom L, Lindroos AK, Peltonen M, et al. Lifestyle, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk factors 10 years after bariatric surgery. N Engl J Med 2004;351(26):2683–93, Dec 23.CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference NIH conference. Gastrointestinal surgery for severe obesity. Consensus Development Conference Panel. Ann Intern Med 1991;115(12):956–61, Dec 15.CrossRef NIH conference. Gastrointestinal surgery for severe obesity. Consensus Development Conference Panel. Ann Intern Med 1991;115(12):956–61, Dec 15.CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Halverson JD, Wise L, Wazna MF, et al. Jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity. A critical appraisal. Am J Med 1978;64(3):461–75, Mar.CrossRefPubMed Halverson JD, Wise L, Wazna MF, et al. Jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity. A critical appraisal. Am J Med 1978;64(3):461–75, Mar.CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Scopinaro N, Gianetta E, Adami GF, et al. Biliopancreatic diversion for obesity at eighteen years. Surgery 1996;119(3):261–8, Mar.CrossRefPubMed Scopinaro N, Gianetta E, Adami GF, et al. Biliopancreatic diversion for obesity at eighteen years. Surgery 1996;119(3):261–8, Mar.CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Suter M, Jayet C, Jayet A. Vertical banded gastroplasty: long-term results comparing three different techniques. Obes Surg 2000;10(1):41–6, Feb; discussion 7.CrossRefPubMed Suter M, Jayet C, Jayet A. Vertical banded gastroplasty: long-term results comparing three different techniques. Obes Surg 2000;10(1):41–6, Feb; discussion 7.CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Tretbar LL, Taylor TL, Sifers EC. Weight reduction. Gastric plication for morbid obesity. J Kans Med Soc 1976;77(11):488–90, Nov.PubMed Tretbar LL, Taylor TL, Sifers EC. Weight reduction. Gastric plication for morbid obesity. J Kans Med Soc 1976;77(11):488–90, Nov.PubMed
11.
go back to reference Kuzmak LI, Thelmo W, Abramson DL, et al. Reversible adjustable gastric banding. Surgical technique. Eur J Surg Acta Chir 1994;160(10):569–71, Oct. Kuzmak LI, Thelmo W, Abramson DL, et al. Reversible adjustable gastric banding. Surgical technique. Eur J Surg Acta Chir 1994;160(10):569–71, Oct.
12.
go back to reference Hess DS, Hess DW. Biliopancreatic diversion with a duodenal switch. Obes Surg 1998;8(3):267–82, Jun.CrossRefPubMed Hess DS, Hess DW. Biliopancreatic diversion with a duodenal switch. Obes Surg 1998;8(3):267–82, Jun.CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Santoro S, Malzoni CE, Velhote MC, et al. Digestive adaptation with intestinal reserve: a neuroendocrine-based operation for morbid obesity. Obes Surg 2006;16(10):1371–9, Oct.CrossRefPubMed Santoro S, Malzoni CE, Velhote MC, et al. Digestive adaptation with intestinal reserve: a neuroendocrine-based operation for morbid obesity. Obes Surg 2006;16(10):1371–9, Oct.CrossRefPubMed
18.
go back to reference Santoro S, Velhote MC, Malzoni CE, et al. Preliminary results from digestive adaptation: a new surgical proposal for treating obesity, based on physiology and evolution. Sao Paulo Med J 2006;124(4):192–7, Jul 6.CrossRefPubMed Santoro S, Velhote MC, Malzoni CE, et al. Preliminary results from digestive adaptation: a new surgical proposal for treating obesity, based on physiology and evolution. Sao Paulo Med J 2006;124(4):192–7, Jul 6.CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Almogy G, Crookes PF, Anthone GJ. Longitudinal gastrectomy as a treatment for the high-risk super-obese patient. Obes Surg 2004;14(4):492–7, Apr.CrossRefPubMed Almogy G, Crookes PF, Anthone GJ. Longitudinal gastrectomy as a treatment for the high-risk super-obese patient. Obes Surg 2004;14(4):492–7, Apr.CrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Miller K, Hoeller E, Aigner F. The implantable gastric stimulator for obesity: An update of the european experience in the LOSS (Laparoscopic Obesity Stimulation Survey) study. Treat Endocrinol 2006;5(1):53–8.CrossRefPubMed Miller K, Hoeller E, Aigner F. The implantable gastric stimulator for obesity: An update of the european experience in the LOSS (Laparoscopic Obesity Stimulation Survey) study. Treat Endocrinol 2006;5(1):53–8.CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Sallet JA, Marchesini JB, Paiva DS, et al. Brazilian multicenter study of the intragastric balloon. Obes Surg 2004;14(7):991–8, Aug.CrossRefPubMed Sallet JA, Marchesini JB, Paiva DS, et al. Brazilian multicenter study of the intragastric balloon. Obes Surg 2004;14(7):991–8, Aug.CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Regan JP, Inabnet WB, Gagner M, et al. Early experience with two-stage laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass as an alternative in the super-super obese patient. Obes Surg 2003;13(6):861–4, Dec.CrossRefPubMed Regan JP, Inabnet WB, Gagner M, et al. Early experience with two-stage laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass as an alternative in the super-super obese patient. Obes Surg 2003;13(6):861–4, Dec.CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Busetto L, Segato G, De Luca M, et al. Preoperative weight loss by intragastric balloon in super-obese patients treated with laparoscopic gastric banding: a case-control study. Obes Surg 2004;14(5):671–6, May.CrossRefPubMed Busetto L, Segato G, De Luca M, et al. Preoperative weight loss by intragastric balloon in super-obese patients treated with laparoscopic gastric banding: a case-control study. Obes Surg 2004;14(5):671–6, May.CrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference Maggard MA, Shugarman LR, Suttorp M, et al. Meta-analysis: surgical treatment of obesity. Ann Intern Med 2005;142(7):547–59, Apr 5.CrossRefPubMed Maggard MA, Shugarman LR, Suttorp M, et al. Meta-analysis: surgical treatment of obesity. Ann Intern Med 2005;142(7):547–59, Apr 5.CrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference Buchwald H, Avidor Y, Braunwald E, et al. Bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Jama 2004;292(14):1724–37, Oct 13.CrossRefPubMed Buchwald H, Avidor Y, Braunwald E, et al. Bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Jama 2004;292(14):1724–37, Oct 13.CrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference Dixon JB, O'Brien PE, Playfair J, et al. Adjustable gastric banding and conventional therapy for type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2008;299(3):316–23, Jan 23.CrossRefPubMed Dixon JB, O'Brien PE, Playfair J, et al. Adjustable gastric banding and conventional therapy for type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2008;299(3):316–23, Jan 23.CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Dixon AF, Dixon JB, O'Brien PE. Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding induces prolonged satiety: a randomized blind crossover study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90(2):813–9, Feb.CrossRefPubMed Dixon AF, Dixon JB, O'Brien PE. Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding induces prolonged satiety: a randomized blind crossover study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90(2):813–9, Feb.CrossRefPubMed
28.
go back to reference Cummings DE, Weigle DS, Frayo RS, et al. Plasma ghrelin levels after diet-induced weight loss or gastric bypass surgery. N Engl J Med 2002;346(21):1623–30, May 23.CrossRefPubMed Cummings DE, Weigle DS, Frayo RS, et al. Plasma ghrelin levels after diet-induced weight loss or gastric bypass surgery. N Engl J Med 2002;346(21):1623–30, May 23.CrossRefPubMed
29.
go back to reference Kojima M, Hosoda H, Date Y, et al. Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach. Nature 1999;402(6762):656–60, Dec 9.CrossRefPubMed Kojima M, Hosoda H, Date Y, et al. Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach. Nature 1999;402(6762):656–60, Dec 9.CrossRefPubMed
30.
go back to reference Date Y, Kojima M, Hosoda H, et al. Ghrelin, a novel growth hormone-releasing acylated peptide, is synthesized in a distinct endocrine cell type in the gastrointestinal tracts of rats and humans. Endocrinology 2000;141(11):4255–61, Nov.CrossRefPubMed Date Y, Kojima M, Hosoda H, et al. Ghrelin, a novel growth hormone-releasing acylated peptide, is synthesized in a distinct endocrine cell type in the gastrointestinal tracts of rats and humans. Endocrinology 2000;141(11):4255–61, Nov.CrossRefPubMed
31.
go back to reference Korner J, Bessler M, Cirilo LJ, et al. Effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery on fasting and postprandial concentrations of plasma ghrelin, peptide YY, and insulin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90(1):359–65, Jan.CrossRefPubMed Korner J, Bessler M, Cirilo LJ, et al. Effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery on fasting and postprandial concentrations of plasma ghrelin, peptide YY, and insulin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90(1):359–65, Jan.CrossRefPubMed
32.
33.
go back to reference Schauer PR, Burguera B, Ikramuddin S, et al. Effect of laparoscopic Roux-en Y gastric bypass on type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Surg 2003;238(4):467–84, Oct; discussion 84–5.PubMedPubMedCentral Schauer PR, Burguera B, Ikramuddin S, et al. Effect of laparoscopic Roux-en Y gastric bypass on type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Surg 2003;238(4):467–84, Oct; discussion 84–5.PubMedPubMedCentral
34.
go back to reference Service GJ, Thompson GB, Service FJ, et al. Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia with nesidioblastosis after gastric-bypass surgery. N Engl J Med 2005;353(3):249–54, Jul 21.CrossRefPubMed Service GJ, Thompson GB, Service FJ, et al. Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia with nesidioblastosis after gastric-bypass surgery. N Engl J Med 2005;353(3):249–54, Jul 21.CrossRefPubMed
35.
go back to reference Patti ME, McMahon G, Mun EC, et al. Severe hypoglycaemia post-gastric bypass requiring partial pancreatectomy: evidence for inappropriate insulin secretion and pancreatic islet hyperplasia. Diabetologia 2005;48(11):2236–40, Nov.CrossRefPubMed Patti ME, McMahon G, Mun EC, et al. Severe hypoglycaemia post-gastric bypass requiring partial pancreatectomy: evidence for inappropriate insulin secretion and pancreatic islet hyperplasia. Diabetologia 2005;48(11):2236–40, Nov.CrossRefPubMed
36.
go back to reference Xu G, Stoffers DA, Habener JF, et al. Exendin-4 stimulates both beta-cell replication and neogenesis, resulting in increased beta-cell mass and improved glucose tolerance in diabetic rats. Diabetes 1999;48(12):2270–6, Dec.CrossRefPubMed Xu G, Stoffers DA, Habener JF, et al. Exendin-4 stimulates both beta-cell replication and neogenesis, resulting in increased beta-cell mass and improved glucose tolerance in diabetic rats. Diabetes 1999;48(12):2270–6, Dec.CrossRefPubMed
37.
go back to reference le Roux CW, Aylwin SJ, Batterham RL, et al. Gut hormone profiles following bariatric surgery favor an anorectic state, facilitate weight loss, and improve metabolic parameters. Ann Surg 2006;243(1):108–14, Jan.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral le Roux CW, Aylwin SJ, Batterham RL, et al. Gut hormone profiles following bariatric surgery favor an anorectic state, facilitate weight loss, and improve metabolic parameters. Ann Surg 2006;243(1):108–14, Jan.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
38.
go back to reference Greenberg I, Perna F, Kaplan M, et al. Behavioral and psychological factors in the assessment and treatment of obesity surgery patients. Obes Res 2005;13(2):244–9, Feb.CrossRefPubMed Greenberg I, Perna F, Kaplan M, et al. Behavioral and psychological factors in the assessment and treatment of obesity surgery patients. Obes Res 2005;13(2):244–9, Feb.CrossRefPubMed
39.
go back to reference Schauer PR, Ikramuddin S, Gourash W, et al. Outcomes after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity. Ann Surg 2000;232(4):515–29, Oct.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Schauer PR, Ikramuddin S, Gourash W, et al. Outcomes after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity. Ann Surg 2000;232(4):515–29, Oct.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
40.
go back to reference Wittgrove AC, Clark GW. Laparoscopic gastric bypass, Roux-en-Y-500 patients: technique and results, with 3–60 month follow-up. Obes Surg 2000;10(3):233–9, Jun.CrossRefPubMed Wittgrove AC, Clark GW. Laparoscopic gastric bypass, Roux-en-Y-500 patients: technique and results, with 3–60 month follow-up. Obes Surg 2000;10(3):233–9, Jun.CrossRefPubMed
41.
go back to reference Nguyen NT, Goldman C, Rosenquist CJ, et al. Laparoscopic versus open gastric bypass: a randomized study of outcomes, quality of life, and costs. Ann Surg 2001;234(3):279–89, Sep; discussion 89–91.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Nguyen NT, Goldman C, Rosenquist CJ, et al. Laparoscopic versus open gastric bypass: a randomized study of outcomes, quality of life, and costs. Ann Surg 2001;234(3):279–89, Sep; discussion 89–91.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
42.
go back to reference Westling A, Gustavsson S. Laparoscopic vs open Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a prospective, randomized trial. Obes Surg 2001;11(3):284–92, Jun.CrossRefPubMed Westling A, Gustavsson S. Laparoscopic vs open Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a prospective, randomized trial. Obes Surg 2001;11(3):284–92, Jun.CrossRefPubMed
44.
go back to reference Martin LF, Finigan KM, Nolan TE. Pregnancy after adjustable gastric banding. Obstet Gynecol 2000;95(6 Pt 1):927–30, Jun.PubMed Martin LF, Finigan KM, Nolan TE. Pregnancy after adjustable gastric banding. Obstet Gynecol 2000;95(6 Pt 1):927–30, Jun.PubMed
45.
go back to reference Marceau P, Kaufman D, Biron S, et al. Outcome of pregnancies after biliopancreatic diversion. Obes Surg 2004;14(3):318–24, Mar.CrossRefPubMed Marceau P, Kaufman D, Biron S, et al. Outcome of pregnancies after biliopancreatic diversion. Obes Surg 2004;14(3):318–24, Mar.CrossRefPubMed
46.
go back to reference Dixon JB, Dixon ME, O'Brien PE. Birth outcomes in obese women after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. Obstet Gynecol 2005;106(5 Pt 1):965–72, Nov.CrossRefPubMed Dixon JB, Dixon ME, O'Brien PE. Birth outcomes in obese women after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. Obstet Gynecol 2005;106(5 Pt 1):965–72, Nov.CrossRefPubMed
47.
go back to reference Skull AJ, Slater GH, Duncombe JE, et al. Laparoscopic adjustable banding in pregnancy: safety, patient tolerance and effect on obesity-related pregnancy outcomes. Obes Surg 2004;14(2):230–5, Feb.CrossRefPubMed Skull AJ, Slater GH, Duncombe JE, et al. Laparoscopic adjustable banding in pregnancy: safety, patient tolerance and effect on obesity-related pregnancy outcomes. Obes Surg 2004;14(2):230–5, Feb.CrossRefPubMed
48.
go back to reference ACOG Committee Opinion number 315, September 2005. Obesity in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2005;106(3):671–5, Sep.CrossRef ACOG Committee Opinion number 315, September 2005. Obesity in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2005;106(3):671–5, Sep.CrossRef
49.
go back to reference Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, et al. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999–2004. JAMA 2006;295(13):1549–55, Apr 5.CrossRefPubMed Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, et al. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999–2004. JAMA 2006;295(13):1549–55, Apr 5.CrossRefPubMed
50.
go back to reference Sinha R, Fisch G, Teague B, et al. Prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance among children and adolescents with marked obesity. N Engl J Med 2002;346(11):802–10, Mar 14.CrossRefPubMed Sinha R, Fisch G, Teague B, et al. Prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance among children and adolescents with marked obesity. N Engl J Med 2002;346(11):802–10, Mar 14.CrossRefPubMed
51.
go back to reference Lawson ML, Kirk S, Mitchell T, et al. One-year outcomes of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbidly obese adolescents: a multicenter study from the Pediatric Bariatric Study Group. J Pediatr Surg 2006;41(1):137–43, Jan; discussion -43.CrossRefPubMed Lawson ML, Kirk S, Mitchell T, et al. One-year outcomes of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbidly obese adolescents: a multicenter study from the Pediatric Bariatric Study Group. J Pediatr Surg 2006;41(1):137–43, Jan; discussion -43.CrossRefPubMed
52.
go back to reference Tsai WS, Inge TH, Burd RS. Bariatric surgery in adolescents: recent national trends in use and in-hospital outcome. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2007;161(3):217–21, Mar.CrossRefPubMed Tsai WS, Inge TH, Burd RS. Bariatric surgery in adolescents: recent national trends in use and in-hospital outcome. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2007;161(3):217–21, Mar.CrossRefPubMed
53.
go back to reference Inge TH, Krebs NF, Garcia VF, et al. Bariatric surgery for severely overweight adolescents: concerns and recommendations. Pediatrics 2004;114(1):217–23, Jul.CrossRefPubMed Inge TH, Krebs NF, Garcia VF, et al. Bariatric surgery for severely overweight adolescents: concerns and recommendations. Pediatrics 2004;114(1):217–23, Jul.CrossRefPubMed
56.
go back to reference Sosa JL, Pombo H, Pallavicini H, et al. Laparoscopic gastric bypass beyond age 60. Obes Surg 2004;14(10):1398–401, Nov–Dec.CrossRefPubMed Sosa JL, Pombo H, Pallavicini H, et al. Laparoscopic gastric bypass beyond age 60. Obes Surg 2004;14(10):1398–401, Nov–Dec.CrossRefPubMed
58.
go back to reference Abu-Abeid S, Keidar A, Szold A. Resolution of chronic medical conditions after laparoscopic adjustable silicone gastric banding for the treatment of morbid obesity in the elderly. Surg Endosc 2001;15(2):132–4, Feb.CrossRefPubMed Abu-Abeid S, Keidar A, Szold A. Resolution of chronic medical conditions after laparoscopic adjustable silicone gastric banding for the treatment of morbid obesity in the elderly. Surg Endosc 2001;15(2):132–4, Feb.CrossRefPubMed
59.
go back to reference Varela JE, Wilson SE, Nguyen NT. Outcomes of bariatric surgery in the elderly. Am Surg 2006;72(10):865–9, Oct.PubMed Varela JE, Wilson SE, Nguyen NT. Outcomes of bariatric surgery in the elderly. Am Surg 2006;72(10):865–9, Oct.PubMed
60.
go back to reference Flum DR, Salem L, Elrod JA, et al. Early mortality among Medicare beneficiaries undergoing bariatric surgical procedures. JAMA 2005;294(15):1903–8, Oct 19.CrossRefPubMed Flum DR, Salem L, Elrod JA, et al. Early mortality among Medicare beneficiaries undergoing bariatric surgical procedures. JAMA 2005;294(15):1903–8, Oct 19.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Bariatric Surgery, Safety and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors
Elias Spanakis
Claudia Gragnoli
Publication date
01-03-2009
Publisher
Springer New York
Published in
Obesity Surgery / Issue 3/2009
Print ISSN: 0960-8923
Electronic ISSN: 1708-0428
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-008-9687-4

Other articles of this Issue 3/2009

Obesity Surgery 3/2009 Go to the issue