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Cancer Causes & Control
Published in: Cancer Causes & Control 11/2012

01-11-2012 | Brief report

Associations of circulating retinol, vitamin E, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D with prostate cancer diagnosis, stage, and grade

Authors: Rebecca Gilbert, Chris Metcalfe, William D. Fraser, Jenny Donovan, Freddie Hamdy, David E. Neal, J. Athene Lane, Richard M. Martin

Published in: Cancer Causes & Control | Issue 11/2012

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Abstract

Purpose

Some epidemiological studies suggest that vitamin A (retinol), vitamin E, and vitamin D (total 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25(OH)D; 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin, 1,25(OH)2D) are protective against prostate cancer. However, the evidence is not conclusive, with positive and null associations reported for all three vitamins. Limitations of previous studies include small sample size, lack of population controls, and reliance on self-reported dietary intake. Few studies have explored the interactions of circulating 25(OH)D with 1,25(OH)2D or retinol, which are biologically plausible interactions.

Methods

We investigated the associations of circulating retinol, vitamin E, and 1,25(OH)2D with PSA-detected prostate cancer risk, stage, and grade in a case–control study nested within the Prostate Testing for Cancer and Treatment (ProtecT) trial. We investigated the possibility of an interaction between 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D and whether the previously observed association between 25(OH)D and prostate cancer may be modified by retinol levels.

Results

We included 1,433 prostate cancer cases and 1,433 healthy controls. There was no evidence of associations of circulating retinol, vitamin E, or 1,25(OH)2D with overall prostate cancer risk, stage (advanced vs localized), or Gleason grade (high- (≥7) vs low (<7) grade). There was no evidence of an interaction of 1,25(OH)2D and 25(OH)D with prostate cancer risk, stage, or grade (p interaction ≥ 0.24). The association between 25(OH)D and prostate cancer did not differ by retinol level (p interaction = 0.34).

Conclusions

We found no evidence that retinol, vitamin E, or 1,25(OH)2D concentrations were associated with overall prostate cancer risk or more aggressive prostate cancer phenotypes. There was no evidence of an interaction between 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D or retinol.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Associations of circulating retinol, vitamin E, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D with prostate cancer diagnosis, stage, and grade
Authors
Rebecca Gilbert
Chris Metcalfe
William D. Fraser
Jenny Donovan
Freddie Hamdy
David E. Neal
J. Athene Lane
Richard M. Martin
Publication date
01-11-2012
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Published in
Cancer Causes & Control / Issue 11/2012
Print ISSN: 0957-5243
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7225
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-012-0052-5

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