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Open Access 01-12-2016 | Research article

Associations between the neighbourhood food environment, neighbourhood socioeconomic status, and diet quality: An observational study

Authors: Maria McInerney, Ilona Csizmadi, Christine M. Friedenreich, Francisco Alaniz Uribe, Alberto Nettel-Aguirre, Lindsay McLaren, Melissa Potestio, Beverly Sandalack, Gavin R. McCormack

Published in: BMC Public Health | Issue 1/2016

Abstract

Background

The neighbourhood environment may play an important role in diet quality. Most previous research has examined the associations between neighbourhood food environment and diet quality, and neighbourhood socioeconomic status and diet quality separately. This study investigated the independent and joint effects of neighbourhood food environment and neighbourhood socioeconomic status in relation to diet quality in Canadian adults.

Methods

We undertook a cross-sectional study with n = 446 adults in Calgary, Alberta (Canada). Individual-level data on diet and socio-demographic and health-related characteristics were captured from two self-report internet-based questionnaires, the Canadian Diet History Questionnaire II (C-DHQ II) and the Past Year Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ). Neighbourhood environment data were derived from dissemination area level Canadian Census data, and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) databases. Neighbourhood was defined as a 400 m network-based ‘walkshed’ around each participant’s household. Using GIS we objectively-assessed the density, diversity, and presence of specific food destination types within the participant’s walkshed. A seven variable socioeconomic deprivation index was derived from Canadian Census variables and estimated for each walkshed. The Canadian adapted Healthy Eating Index (C-HEI), used to assess diet quality was estimated from food intakes reported on C-DHQ II. Multivariable linear regression was used to test for associations between walkshed food environment variables, walkshed socioeconomic status, and diet quality (C-HEI), adjusting for individual level socio-demographic and health-related covariates. Interaction effects between walkshed socioeconomic status and walkshed food environment variables on diet quality (C-HEI) were also tested.

Results

After adjustment for covariates, food destination density was positively associated with the C-HEI (β 0.06, 95 % CI 0.01-0.12, p = 0.04) though the magnitude of the association was small. Walkshed socioeconomic status was not significantly associated with the C-HEI. We found no statistically significant interactions between walkshed food environment variables and socioeconomic status in relation to the C-HEI. Self-reported physical and mental health, time spent in neighbourhood, and dog ownership were also significantly (p < .05) associated with diet quality.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that larger density of local food destinations may is associated with better diet quality in adults.

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Title: Associations between the neighbourhood food environment, neighbourhood socioeconomic status, and diet quality: An observational study
Authors: Maria McInerney
Ilona Csizmadi
Christine M. Friedenreich
Francisco Alaniz Uribe
Alberto Nettel-Aguirre
Lindsay McLaren
Melissa Potestio
Beverly Sandalack
Gavin R. McCormack
Publication date: 01-12-2016
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: BMC Public Health / Issue 1/2016
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2458
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3631-7

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Associations between the neighbourhood food environment, neighbourhood socioeconomic status, and diet quality: An observational study

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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