Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Public Health
Published in: BMC Public Health 1/2019

Open Access 01-12-2019 | Research article

Association of lifestyle factors with blood lipids and inflammation in adults aged 40 years and above: a population-based cross-sectional study in Taiwan

Authors: Miriam Adoyo Muga, Patrick Opiyo Owili, Chien-Yeh Hsu, Jane C.-J. Chao

Published in: BMC Public Health | Issue 1/2019

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Lifestyle factors were associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) occurrence. We explored the associations between lifestyle factors and CVD risk factors, and assessed the interactive effects of lifestyle factors on CVD risk factors.

Methods

A cross-sectional data of 114,082 (57,680 men and 56,402 women) middle-aged adults and elderly in Taiwan were collected from 2001 to 2010. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the associations between lifestyle factors and CVD risk factors. The relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) and the attributable proportion due to interaction were used to explore the interactive effect of lifestyle factors on CVD risk factors.

Results

The interaction between alcohol consumption and smoking exhibited an excess risk of high triglycerides (RERI = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.14–0.29), and that of alcohol consumption and physical activity had an excess risk of high LDL-cholesterol (RERI = 0.11; 95% CI: 0.06–0.16) and high blood glucose (RERI = 0.05; 95% CI: 0.01–0.11). Alcohol consumption and vegetable-rich diet (intake of high vegetables with no or low meat) had an excess risk of high LDL-cholesterol and low HDL-cholesterol, but a reduced risk of high triglycerides (RERI = − 0.10; 95% CI: − 0.17 – -0.04). Smoking and physical activity had an increased risk of high blood glucose and a reduced risk of low HDL-cholesterol. Smoking and vegetable-rich diet reduced the risk of high triglycerides (RERI = − 0.11; 95% CI: − 0.18 – − 0.04), high blood glucose (RERI = − 0.14; 95% CI: − 0.21 – − 0.07) and low HDL-cholesterol (RERI = − 0.10; 95% CI: − 0.19 – -0.01).

Conclusions

The interaction between smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity and diet were associated with lipid profile and blood glucose, hence there was an interaction between these lifestyle factors in an additive scale. Public health promotion should therefore consider multifaceted promotional activities that are likely to make a positive impact on the health status of the Taiwanese population.
Literature
1.
Hsiao AJ, Chen LH, Lu TH. Ten leading causes of death in Taiwan: a comparison of two grouping lists. J Formos Med Assoc. 2015;114(8):679–80.PubMedCrossRef
2.
Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare. 2016 annual report of health promotion administration. Taipei City: Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare; 2016.
3.
Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, Dans T, Avezum A, Lanas F, et al. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet. 2004;364(9438):937–52.PubMedCrossRef
4.
5.
6.
Grundy SM, Bazzarre T, Cleeman J, D'Agostino RB Sr, Hill M, Houston-Miller N, et al. Prevention conference V: beyond secondary prevention: identifying the high-risk patient for primary prevention: medical office assessment: writing group I. Circulation. 2000;101(1):E3–E11.PubMedCrossRef
7.
Li YH, Ueng KC, Jeng JS, Charng MJ, Lin TH, Chien KL, et al. 2017 Taiwan lipid guidelines for high risk patients. J Formos Med Assoc. 2017;116(4):217–48.PubMedCrossRef
8.
Lagrand WK, Visser CA, Hermens WT, Niessen HW, Verheugt FW, Wolbink GJ, et al. C-reactive protein as a cardiovascular risk factor: more than an epiphenomenon? Circulation. 1999;100(1):96–102.PubMedCrossRef
9.
Dudina A, Cooney MT, Bacquer DD, Backer GD, Ducimetière P, Jousilahti P, et al. Relationships between body mass index, cardiovascular mortality, and risk factors: a report from the SCORE investigators. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2011;18(5):731–42.PubMedCrossRef
10.
Haskell WL. Exercise-induced changes in plasma lipids and lipoproteins. Prev Med. 1984;13(1):23–36.PubMedCrossRef
11.
Huang J, Frohlich J, Ignaszewski AP. The impact of dietary changes and dietary supplements on lipid profile. Can J Cardiol. 2011;27(4):488–505.PubMedCrossRef
12.
Mann S, Beedie C, Jimenez A. Differential effects of aerobic exercise, resistance training and combined exercise modalities on cholesterol and the lipid profile: review, synthesis and recommendations. Sports Med. 2014;44(2):211–21.PubMedCrossRef
13.
Skoumas J, Pitsavos C, Panagiotakos DB, Chrysohoou C, Zeimbekis A, Papaioannou I, et al. Physical activity, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and other lipids levels, in men and women from the ATTICA study. Lipids Health Dis. 2003;2:3.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
14.
15.
He BM, Zhao SP, Peng ZY. Effects of cigarette smoking on HDL quantity and function: implications for atherosclerosis. J Cell Biochem. 2013;114(11):2431–6.PubMedCrossRef
16.
17.
Gossett LK, Johnson HM, Piper ME, Fiore MC, Baker TB, Stein JH. Smoking intensity and lipoprotein abnormalities in active smokers. J Clin Lipidol. 2009;3(6):372–8.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
18.
Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem. 1972;18(6):499–502.
19.
McPherson RA, Pincus MR. Henry's clinical diagnosis and management by laboratory methods. Philadelphia: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2011.
20.
Pearson TA, Mensah GA, Alexander RW, Anderson JL, Cannon RO 3rd, Criqui M, et al. Markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease: application to clinical and public health practice: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2003;107(3):499–511.PubMedCrossRef
21.
22.
Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, Casey DE Jr, Collins KJ, Dennison Himmelfarb C, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation. 2018;138(17):e426–83.PubMed
23.
Department of Health. Identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults in Taiwan. Washington, DC: Department of Health; 2003.
24.
Richardson DB, Kaufman JS. Estimation of the relative excess risk due to interaction and associated confidence bounds. Am J Epidemiol. 2009;169(6):756–60.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
25.
26.
VanderWeele TJ. Reconsidering the denominator of the attributable proportion for interaction. Eur J Epidemiol. 2013;28(10):779–84.PubMedCrossRef
27.
28.
Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S. Confidence interval estimation of interaction. Epidemiology. 1992;3(5):452–6.CrossRef
29.
Zou GY. On the estimation of additive interaction by use of the four-by-two table and beyond. Am J Epidemiol. 2008;168(2):212–24.PubMedCrossRef
30.
StataCorp. Stata statistical software: release 13. College Station: StataCorp LP; 2013.
31.
Khurana M, Sharma D, Khandelwal PD. Lipid profile in smokers and tobacco chewers-a comparative study. J Assoc Physicians India. 2000;48(9):895–7.PubMed
32.
Ohsawa M, Okayama A, Nakamura M, Onoda T, Kato K, Itai K, et al. CRP levels are elevated in smokers but unrelated to the number of cigarettes and are decreased by long-term smoking cessation in male smokers. Prev Med. 2005;41(2):651–6.PubMedCrossRef
33.
Frati AC, Iniestra F, Ariza CR. Acute effect of cigarette smoking on glucose tolerance and other cardiovascular risk factors. Diabetes Care. 1996;19(2):112–8.PubMedCrossRef
34.
Chelland Campbell S, Moffatt RJ, Stamford BA. Smoking and smoking cessation-the relationship between cardiovascular disease and lipoprotein metabolism: a review. Atherosclerosis. 2008;201(2):225–35.PubMedCrossRef
35.
Bessembinders K, Wielders J, van de Wiel A. Severe hypertriglyceridemia influenced by alcohol (SHIBA). Alcohol Alcohol. 2011;46(2):113–6.PubMedCrossRef
36.
Volcik KA, Ballantyne CM, Fuchs FD, Sharrett AR, Boerwinkle E. Relationship of alcohol consumption and type of alcoholic beverage consumed with plasma lipid levels: differences between whites and African Americans of the ARIC study. Ann Epidemiol. 2008;18(2):101–7.PubMedCrossRef
37.
Imhof A, Woodward M, Doering A, Helbecque N, Loewel H, Amouyel P, et al. Overall alcohol intake, beer, wine, and systemic markers of inflammation in western Europe: results from three MONICA samples (Augsburg, Glasgow, Lille). Eur Heart J. 2004;25(23):2092–100.PubMedCrossRef
38.
39.
Ford ES. Does exercise reduce inflammation? Physical activity and C-reactive protein among U.S. adults. Epidemiology. 2002;13(5):561–8.PubMedCrossRef
40.
Kokkinos PF, Fernhall B. Physical activity and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels: what is the relationship? Sports Med. 1999;28(5):307–14.PubMedCrossRef
41.
42.
Lim JH, Lee YS, Chang HC, Moon MK, Song Y. Association between dietary patterns and blood lipid profiles in Korean adults with type 2 diabetes. J Korean Med Sci. 2011;26(9):1201–8.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
43.
Zhang J, Wang Z, Wang H, Du W, Su C, Zhang J, et al. Association between dietary patterns and blood lipid profiles among Chinese women. Public Health Nutr. 2016;19(18):3361–8.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
44.
Gross GA. Drug and alcohol abuse and cholesterol levels. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 1994;94(1):55–6 61-2.PubMedCrossRef
45.
Metadata
Title
Association of lifestyle factors with blood lipids and inflammation in adults aged 40 years and above: a population-based cross-sectional study in Taiwan
Authors
Miriam Adoyo Muga
Patrick Opiyo Owili
Chien-Yeh Hsu
Jane C.-J. Chao
Publication date
01-12-2019
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Public Health / Issue 1/2019
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2458
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7686-0

Other articles of this Issue 1/2019

BMC Public Health 1/2019 Go to the issue

Research article

Statistical analysis of socioeconomic and demographic correlates of perinatal mortality in Tigray region, Ethiopia: a cross sectional study

Research article

Association of work-related and leisure-time physical activity with workplace food purchases, dietary quality, and health of hospital employees

Research article

Associations between mental health competence and indicators of physical health and cognitive development in eleven year olds: findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study

Research article

Low intake of commonly available fruits and vegetables in socio-economically disadvantaged communities of South Africa: influence of affordability and sugary drinks intake

Research article

The epidemic characteristics and spatial autocorrelation analysis of hand, foot and mouth disease from 2010 to 2015 in Shantou, Guangdong, China

Research article

Decomposing the rural-urban gap in the factors of under-five mortality in sub-Saharan Africa? Evidence from 35 countries