Top

Published in:

01-02-2010 | Original Contribution

Association between depressive symptoms and reproductive variables in a group of perimenopausal women attending a menopause clinic in México City

Authors: Mónica Flores-Ramos, Gerhard Heinze, Roberto Silvestri-Tomassoni

Published in: Archives of Women's Mental Health | Issue 1/2010

Abstract

The aim of this study was to explore the association between depressive symptoms and some variables related to the reproductive life, such as history of premenstrual dysphoric disorder, antecedent of postpartum depression, previous use of hormonal contraceptives, and current hot flushes, in a group of perimenopausal women attending a menopause clinic. Perimenopausal women, 45 to 55 years old, who had not received hormonal replacement therapy and/or psychotropic medication, were invited to participate in this study. 141 perimenopausal women were included; we obtained their psychiatric and gynecological data, and we evaluated their depressive symptomatology using the CES-D scale. There were a significantly higher number of cases of previous depressive episodes, PMDD and PPD history in depressed patients compared with non-depressed women; current hot flushes prevalence was similar between depressed and non-depressed women. Patients with a PMDD history were more likely to have experienced previous depressive episodes, a PPD history, and high levels of depression. Variables associated with the level of depression were a previous history of PMDD, current hot flushes, and previous depressive episodes. The occurrence of perimenopausal depression is related to a previous history of PMDD, PPD, and depressive episodes; hot flushes only increase the severity of the depressive episode.

Arpels JC (1996) The female brain hypoestrogenic continuum from the premenstrual syndrome to menopause: a hypothesis and review of supporting data. J Reprod Med 41:633–639PubMed

Avis NE, Brambilla D, McKinlay SM et al (1994) A longitudinal analysis of the association between menopause and depression. Results from the Massachusetts Women´s Health Study. Ann Epidemiol 4:214–220PubMedCrossRef

Brandon AR, Shivakumar G, Freeman M (2008) Perimenopausal depression: covering mood and vasomotor symptoms. Curr Psychiatry online 7(10). Accessed Dec 25, 2008

Bromberger JT, Matthews KA (1996) A longitudinal study of the effects of pessimism, trait anxiety, and life stress on depressive symptoms in middle-aged women. J Pers Soc Psychol 70:591–598CrossRefPubMed

Bromberger JT, Matthews KA, Schott LL et al (2007) Depressive symptoms during the menopausal transition: the Study of Women´s Health Across the Nation (SWAN). J Affect Disord 103(1–3):267–72CrossRefPubMed

Bromberger J, Kravitz H, Matthews K et al (2009) Predictors of first lifetime episodes of major depression in midlife women. Psychol Med 39(1):55–64CrossRefPubMed

Callegari C, Buttarelli M, Cromi A et al (2007) Female psychopathologic profile during menopausal transition: a preliminary study. Maturitas 56(4):447–451CrossRefPubMed

Cohen LS, Soares CN, Vitonis AF et al (2006) Risk for new onset of depression during the menopausal transition: the Harvard study of moods and cycles. Arch Gen Psychiatry 63(4):385–390CrossRefPubMed

Critchlow DG, Bond AJ, Wingrove J (2001) Mood disorder history and personality assessment in premenstrual dysphoric disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 62(9):688–693PubMed

Daly R, Danaceau M, Rubinow D et al (2003) Concordant restoration of ovarian function and mood in perimenopausal depression. Am J Psychiatry 160:1842–1846CrossRefPubMed

Deecher D, Andree TH, Sloan D, Schechter LE (2008) From menarche to menopause: exploring the underlying biology of depression in women experiencing hormonal changes. Psychoneuroendocrinology 33:3–17CrossRefPubMed

Dooley M, Bell B (2007) Psychosocial aspects of the menopause. In: Springer (ed) Psychological challenges in Obstetrics and Gynecology: The clinical management, p. 332

Douma SL, Husband C, O’Donell ME et al (2005) Estrogen-related mood disorders. Reproductive life cycle factors. Adv Nursing Sci 28(4):364–375

Eriksson O, Wall A, Marteinsdottir I et al (2006) Mood changes correlate to changes in brain serotonin precursor trapping in women with premenstrual dysphoria. Psychiatry Res 146:107–116CrossRefPubMed

Freeman EW, Sammel MD, Liu L et al (2004a) Hormones and menopausal status as predictors of depression in women in transition to menopause. Arch Gen Psychiatry 61(1):62–70CrossRefPubMed

Freeman EW, Sammel MD, Rinaudo PJ et al (2004b) Premenstrual syndrome as a predictor of menopausal symptoms. Obstet Gynecol 103(5 Pt 1):960–966PubMed

Freeman EW, Sammel MD, Lin H et al (2006) Associations of hormones and menopausal status with depressed mood in women with no history of depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 63(4):375–382CrossRefPubMed

Frey BN, Lord C, Soares CN (2008) Depression during menopausal transition: a review of treatment strategies and pathophysiological correlates. Menopause Int 14:123–128CrossRefPubMed

Fugate WN, Sullivan ME (2005) Symptoms during the perimenopause: prevalence, severity, trajectory, and significance in women´s lives. Am J Med 118(12B):14S–24S

Gregory R, Masand P, Yohai N (2000) Depression across the reproductive life cycle: correlations between events. Primary Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry 2:127–129CrossRefPubMed

Halbreich U, Tworek H (1993) Altered serotonergic activity in women with dysphoric premenstrual syndromes. Int J Psychiatry Med 23:1–27PubMed

Harlow BL, Cohen LS, Otto MW (1999) Prevalence and predictors of depressed symptoms in older premenopausal women: the Harvard study of moods and cycles. Arch Gen Psychiatry 56(5):418–424CrossRefPubMed

Hsiao MC, Liu CY, Chen KC et al (2002) Characteristics of women seeking treatment for premenstrual syndrome in Taiwan. Acta Psychiatr Scand 106:150–155CrossRefPubMed

Joffe H, Hall JE, Soares CN et al (2002) Vasomotor symptoms are associated with depression in perimenopausal women seeking primary care. Menopause 9(6):392–398CrossRefPubMed

Joffe H, Cohen LS, Harlow BL (2003) Impact of oral contraceptive pill use on premenstrual mood: predictors of improvement and deterioration. Am J Obstet Gynecol 189:1523–1528CrossRefPubMed

Kaufert PA, Gilbert P, Tate R (1992) The Manitoba project: a re-examination of the link between menopause and depression. Maturitas 14:143–155CrossRefPubMed

Kurshan N, Neill Epperson C (2006) Oral contraceptives and mood in women with and without premenstrual dysphoria: a theoretical model. ArchWomens Ment Health 9(1):1–14CrossRef

Maartens LW, Knottnerus JA, Pop VJ (2002) Menopausal transition and increased depressive symptomatology: a community based prospective study. Maturitas 42(3):195–200CrossRefPubMed

Menkes DB, Coates DC, Fawcett JP (1994) Acute tryptophan depletion aggravates premenstrual syndrome. J Affect Disord 32:37–44CrossRefPubMed

Moreno FA, McGahuey CA, Freeman MP et al (2006) Sex differences in depressive response during monoamine depletions in remitted depressive subjects. J Clin Psychiatry 67:1618–1623CrossRefPubMed

Novaes C, Almeida OP, de Melo NR (1998) Mental health among perimenopausal women attending a menopause clinic: possible association with premenstrual syndrome? Climacteric 1:264–270CrossRefPubMed

Oinonen KA, Masmanian D (2002) To what extent do oral contraceptives influence mood and affect? J Affect Disord 70:229–240CrossRefPubMed

Oztürk O, Eraslan D, Mete HE et al (2006) The risk factors and symptomatology of perimenopausal depression. Maturitas 55(2):180–186CrossRefPubMed

Richards M, Dr R, Daly RC et al (2006) Premenstrual symptoms and perimenopausal depression. Am J Psychiatry 163:133–137CrossRefPubMed

Robertson Blackmore E, Craddock N, Walters J et al (2008) Is the perimenopause a time of increased risk of recurrence in women with a history of bipolar affective postpartum psychosis? A case series. Arch Women Ment Health 11:75–78CrossRef

Rybaczyk LA, Bashaw M, Pathak DR et al (2005) An overlooked connection: serotonergic mediation of estrogen-related physiology and pathology. BMC Women´s Health 5:12CrossRefPubMed

Schmidt PJ, Murphy JH, Haq N et al (2004) Stressful life events, personal loses, and perimenopause-related depression. Arch Womens Ment Health 7(1):19–26CrossRefPubMed

Soares CN, Zytek B (2008) Reproductive hormone sensitivity and risk for depression across the female cycle: a continuum of vulnerability? J Psychiatry Neurosci 33(4):331–343PubMed

Soules MR, Sherman Sh, Parrot E et al (2001) Executive summary: stages of reproductive aging workshop (STRAW). Fertil Steril 76(5):874–878CrossRefPubMed

Steinberg EM, Rubinow DR, Bartko JJ et al (2008) A cross-sectional evaluation of perimenopausal depression. J Clin Psychiatry 69(6):973–80CrossRefPubMed

Stewart DE, Boydel KM (1993) Psychologic distress during menopause: associations across the reproductive cycle. Int J Psychiatry Med 23:157–162PubMed

World Health Oganization (1981) Report of a WHO Scientific group: Research on the menopause. World Health Organization, Geneva 1981. WHO Technical Report Series, No. 866

Yonkers KA (1997) The association between premenstrual dysphoric disorder and other mood disorders. J Clin Psychiatry 58(15):19–25PubMed

Young E, Kornstein S, Harvey A et al (2007) Influences of hormone-based contraception on depressive symptoms in perimenopausal women with major depression. Psychoneuroendocrinology 32(7):843–853CrossRefPubMed

Title: Association between depressive symptoms and reproductive variables in a group of perimenopausal women attending a menopause clinic in México City
Authors: Mónica Flores-Ramos
Gerhard Heinze
Roberto Silvestri-Tomassoni
Publication date: 01-02-2010
Publisher: Springer Vienna
Published in: Archives of Women's Mental Health / Issue 1/2010
Print ISSN: 1434-1816
Electronic ISSN: 1435-1102
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-009-0107-0

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Association between depressive symptoms and reproductive variables in a group of perimenopausal women attending a menopause clinic in México City

Abstract

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2010

DSM-V/ICD-11 and the female psyche: quo vadis?

Classification of mental health disorders in the perinatal period: future directions for DSM-V and ICD-11

Distinct correlates of hoarding and cleaning symptom dimensions in relation to onset of obsessive–compulsive disorder at menarche or the perinatal period

DSM-V and reproductive-related psychiatric disorders: a closer look at windows of vulnerability

Prenatal stress during the 1999 bombing associated with lower birth weight—a study of 3,815 births from Belgrade

Women’s mental health: A “wish-list” for the DSM V