Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Pediatrics
Published in: BMC Pediatrics 1/2022

Open Access 01-12-2022 | Research

Association between body composition and blood pressure in normal-weight Chinese children and adolescents

Authors: Ling Bai, Jinyu Zhou, Lingling Tong, Wenqing Ding

Published in: BMC Pediatrics | Issue 1/2022

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

The aim of this study was to assess the associations of body fat distribution and lean body mass (LBM) with blood pressure (BP) in normal-weight Chinese children and adolescents.

Methods

A total of 898 normal-weight Chinese children and adolescents, aged 10–18 years, were included this cross-sectional study via a cluster sampling method. The bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was used to measure body composition. The participants were measured for blood pressure (BP) using a calibrated electronic sphygmomanometer according to the standard method by the "American Hypertension Education Project Working Group".

Results

Body composition was related to abnormal BP in normal-weight children and adolescents. After the model adjusted for age, smoking, and drinking, regression analysis showed that fat mass percentage (FMP) was negatively associated with abnormal BP, while LBM was positively associated with abnormal BP in boys(P < 0.05). Whereas FMP and visceral fat level (VFL) were positively associated with abnormal BP in girls (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

There are sex differences in the relationships between total body fat, visceral fat and lean body mass with abnormal BP in normal-weight youths. Therefore, it is of great significance to pay attention to the relative influence of the body composition of the boys and girls in the prevention and treatment of hypertension in youths.
Literature
1.
Chen X, Wang Y. Tracking of blood pressure from childhood to adulthood: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Circulation. 2008;117(25):3171–80.CrossRef
2.
Group GNDC. Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders during 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2015. Lancet Neurology. 2017;16(11):877–97.CrossRef
3.
Wang M, Kelishadi R, Khadilkar A, Mi Hong Y, Nawarycz T, Krzywińska-Wiewiorowska M, et al. Body mass index percentiles and elevated blood pressure among children and adolescents. J Hum Hypertens. 2019;34(4):319–25.CrossRef
4.
Lu Y, Luo B, Xie J, Zhang X, Zhu H. Prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension and its association with anthropometrics among children: a cross-sectional survey in Tianjin China. J Hum Hypertens. 2018;32(11):789–98.CrossRef
5.
Hu J, Shen H, Wu J, Xiao Q, Chu G, Teng C, et al. Prevalence of high blood pressure and high normal blood pressure among 7- to 17-year-old children and adolescents in developed regions, China from 2014 to 2017: using new national blood pressure reference for Chinese children and adolescents. J Hum Hypertens. 2019;33(5):400–10.CrossRef
6.
Xi B, Zong X, Kelishadi R, Hong Y, Khadilkar A, Steffen L, et al. Establishing international blood pressure references among nonoverweight children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years. Circulation. 2016;133(4):398–408.CrossRef
7.
Parker E, Sinaiko A, Kharbanda E, Margolis K, Daley M, Trower N, et al. Change in weight status and development of hypertension. Pediatrics. 2016;137(3):e20151662.CrossRef
8.
Katzmarzyk PT, Shen W, Baxter-Jones A, Bell JD, Butte NF, Demerath EW, et al. Adiposity in children and adolescents: correlates and clinical consequences of fat stored in specific body depots. Pediatr Obes. 2012;7(5):e42-61.CrossRef
9.
González-Muniesa P, Mártinez-González M, Hu F, Després J, Matsuzawa Y, Loos R, et al. Obesity. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017;3:17034.CrossRef
10.
Pausova Z, Abrahamowicz M, Mahboubi A, Syme C, Leonard GT, Perron M, et al. Functional variation in the androgen-receptor gene is associated with visceral adiposity and blood pressure in male adolescents. Hypertension. 2010;55(3):706–14.CrossRef
11.
Matsuzawa Y. Establishment of a concept of visceral fat syndrome and discovery of adiponectin. Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci. 2010;86(2):131–41.CrossRef
12.
DeyhimbASaF. assessing indicators of central obesity as hypertensive risk factors. J Student Res. 2012;2:11–8.
13.
Duncan MJ, James L, Griffiths L. The relationship between resting blood pressure, body mass index and lean body mass index in British children. Ann Hum Biol. 2011;38(3):324–9.CrossRef
14.
Fan H, Yan Y, Mi J. Updating blood pressure references for Chinese children aged 3–17 years. Chinese J Hypert. 2017;25:428-35.7.
15.
Zhai Y, Li W, Shen C, Qian F, Shi X. Prevalence and correlates of elevated blood pressure in Chinese children aged 6–13 years: a nationwide school-based survey. Biomed Environ Sci. 2015;28(6):401–9.PubMed
16.
National Student Physical Fitness and Health Survey Group. 2014 National Student Physical Fitness and Health Survey Handbook [M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press; 2014. p. 41–7.
17.
Tim J Cole MCB, Katherine M Flegal, William H Dietz. Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. BMJ. 2000;320(7244):1240-3.
18.
Falkner B, Daniels S. Summary of the fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Hypertension. 2004;44(4):387–8.CrossRef
19.
Shea JL, King MT, Yi Y, Gulliver W, Sun G. Body fat percentage is associated with cardiometabolic dysregulation in BMI-defined normal weight subjects. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2012;22(9):741–7.CrossRef
20.
Xu RY, Zhou YQ, Zhang XM, Wan YP, Gao X. Body mass index, waist circumference, body fat mass, and risk of developing hypertension in normal-weight children and adolescents. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2018;28(10):1061–6.CrossRef
21.
Pausova Z, Mahboubi A, Abrahamowicz M, Leonard GT, Perron M, Richer L, et al. Sex differences in the contributions of visceral and total body fat to blood pressure in adolescence. Hypertension. 2012;59(3):572–9.CrossRef
22.
Bidulescu A, Liu J, Hickson DMA, et al. Gender differences in the association of visceral and subcutaneous adiposity with adiponectin in African Americans: the Jackson heart study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2013;13:1–10.CrossRef
23.
Yan S, Zhao X, Shen X, Yang L, Yuan X, Huang L, et al. Abnormal regional body fat distribution also exists in non-obese subjects with high blood pressure. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2013;35(7):528–33.CrossRef
24.
Yan Y, Liu J, Zhao X, Cheng H, Huang G, Mi J, et al. Regional adipose compartments confer different cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents. Mayo Clin Proc. 2019;94(10):1974–82.CrossRef
25.
Samouda H, De Beaufort C, Stranges S, Hirsch M, Van Nieuwenhuyse JP, Dooms G, et al. Cardiometabolic risk: leg fat is protective during childhood. Pediatr Diabetes. 2016;17(4):300–8.CrossRef
26.
Weber D, Leonard M, Shults J, Zemel B. A comparison of fat and lean body mass index to BMI for the identification of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99(9):3208–16.CrossRef
27.
Malden D, Lacey B, Emberson J, Karpe F, Allen N, Bennett D, et al. Body fat distribution and systolic blood pressure in 10,000 adults with whole-body imaging: UK biobank and Oxford biobank. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2019;27(7):1200–6.CrossRef
28.
Zhang YX, Wang SR. Relation of body mass index, fat mass index and fat-free mass index to blood pressure in children aged 7–12 in Shandong China. Ann Hum Biol. 2011;38(3):313–6.CrossRef
29.
Ying-Xiu Z, Da-Yong S, Jing-Yang Z, Jin-Shan Z, Zun-Hua C. Blood pressure among children and adolescents with normal weight but large waist circumference in Shandong China. Eur J Pediatr. 2014;173(3):285–9.CrossRef
30.
Pazin DC, Rosaneli CF, Olandoski M, Oliveira ERN, Baena CP, Figueredo AS, et al. Waist circumference is associated with blood pressure in children with normal body mass index: a cross-sectional analysis of 3,417 school children. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2017;109(6):509–15.PubMedPubMedCentral
31.
Ma J, Wang Z, Dong B, Song Y, Hu P, Zhang B. Body fat and blood pressure: comparison of blood pressure measurements in Chinese children with different body fat levels. Br J Nutr. 2012;108(9):1672–7.CrossRef
32.
Julius S, Majahalme S, Nesbitt S, Grant E, Kaciroti N, Ombao H, Vriz O, et al. A “gender blind” relationship of lean body mass and blood pressure in the Tecumseh study. Am J Hypertens. 2002;15:258–63.CrossRef
33.
Sidoti A, Nigrelli S, Rosati A, Bigazzi R, Caprioli R, Fanelli R, et al. Body mass index, fat free mass, uric acid, and renal function as blood pressure levels determinants in young adults. Nephrology (Carlton). 2017;22(4):279–85.CrossRef
34.
Xu R, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Wan Y, Gao X. Percentage of free fat mass is associated with elevated blood pressure in healthy Chinese children. Hypertens Res. 2019;42(1):95–104.CrossRef
35.
Wells JC. Sexual dimorphism of body composition. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;21(3):415–30.CrossRef
36.
Mathieu P, Poirier P, Pibarot P, Lemieux I, Després J. Visceral obesity: the link among inflammation, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Hypertension. 2009;53(4):577–84.CrossRef
37.
Ritchie S, Connell J. The link between abdominal obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. NMCD. 2007;17(4):319–26.PubMed
38.
Jonas M, Kurylowicz A, Bartoszewicz Z, Lisik W, Jonas M, Wierzbicki Z, et al. Interleukins 6 and 15 levels are higher in subcutaneous adipose tissue, but obesity is associated with their increased content in visceral fat depots. Int J Mol Sci. 2015;16(10):25817–30.CrossRef
39.
Subasinghe A, Wark J, Gorelik A, Callegari E, Garland S. The association between inflammation, obesity and elevated blood pressure in 16–25-year-old females. J Hum Hypertens. 2017;31(9):580–4.CrossRef
40.
Chow W, Cheung B, Tso A, Xu A, Wat N, Fong C, et al. Hypoadiponectinemia as a predictor for the development of hypertension: a 5-year prospective study. Hypertension. 2007;49(6):1455–61.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Association between body composition and blood pressure in normal-weight Chinese children and adolescents
Authors
Ling Bai
Jinyu Zhou
Lingling Tong
Wenqing Ding
Publication date
01-12-2022
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Pediatrics / Issue 1/2022
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2431
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-022-03289-z

Other articles of this Issue 1/2022

BMC Pediatrics 1/2022 Go to the issue

Case report

Atraumatic splenic rupture in a child with COVID 19

Research

Parents’ perceptions of functional electrical stimulation as an upper limb intervention for young children with hemiparesis: qualitative interviews with mothers

Research

Neck circumference cut-off points for detecting overweight and obesity among school children in Northern Cyprus

Research

Impact of early term and late preterm birth on infants’ neurodevelopment: evidence from a cohort study in Wuhan, China

Research

Lactate/albumin ratio as a predictor of in-hospital mortality in critically ill children

Research article

Presurgical time and associated factors as predictors of acute perforated appendicitis: a prospective cohort study in a teaching pediatric hospital in Colombia