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BMC Cancer
Published in: BMC Cancer 1/2023

Open Access 01-12-2023 | Research

Assessments of dietary intake and polygenic risk score in associations with colorectal cancer risk: evidence from the UK Biobank

Authors: Tung Hoang, Sooyoung Cho, Ji-Yeob Choi, Daehee Kang, Aesun Shin

Published in: BMC Cancer | Issue 1/2023

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Abstract

Background

This study aimed to explore the potential interaction between dietary intake and genetics on incident colorectal cancer (CRC) and whether adherence to healthy dietary habits could attenuate CRC risk in individuals at high genetic risk.

Methods

We analyzed prospective cohort data of 374,004 participants who were free of any cancers at enrollment in UK Biobank. Dietary scores were created based on three dietary recommendations of the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) and the overall effects of 11 foods on CRC risks using the inverse-variance (IV) method. Genetic risk was assessed using a polygenic risk score (PRS) capturing overall CRC risk. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs (confidence intervals) of associations. Interactions between dietary factors and the PRS were examined using a likelihood ratio test to compare models with and without the interaction term.

Results

During a median follow-up of 12.4 years, 4,686 CRC cases were newly diagnosed. Both low adherence to the WCRF recommendations (HR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.05–1.19) and high IV-weighted dietary scores (HR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.18–1.37) were associated with CRC risks. The PRS of 98 genetic variants was associated with an increased CRC risk (HRT3vsT1 = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.97–2.29). Participants with both unfavorable dietary habits and a high PRS had a more than twofold increased risk of developing CRC; however, the interaction was not significant. Adherence to an overall healthy diet might attenuate CRC risks in those with high genetic risks (HR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.08–1.35 for high vs. low IV-weighted dietary scores), while adherence to WCRF dietary recommendations showed marginal effects only (HR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.00–1.19 for low vs. high WCRF dietary scores).

Conclusion

Dietary habits and the PRS were independently associated with CRC risks. Adherence to healthy dietary habits may exert beneficial effects on CRC risk reduction in individuals at high genetic risk.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Assessments of dietary intake and polygenic risk score in associations with colorectal cancer risk: evidence from the UK Biobank
Authors
Tung Hoang
Sooyoung Cho
Ji-Yeob Choi
Daehee Kang
Aesun Shin
Publication date
01-12-2023
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Cancer / Issue 1/2023
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-023-11482-1

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