Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Addiction Science & Clinical Practice
Published in: Addiction Science & Clinical Practice 1/2020

Open Access 01-12-2020 | Study Protocol

A text message intervention for quitting cigarette smoking among young adults experiencing homelessness: study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial

Authors: Joan S. Tucker, Eric R. Pedersen, Sebastian Linnemayr, William G. Shadel, Maria DeYoreo, Rushil Zutshi

Published in: Addiction Science & Clinical Practice | Issue 1/2020

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Cigarette smoking is much more prevalent among young people experiencing homelessness than in the general population of adolescents and young adults. Although many young homeless smokers are motivated to quit, there are no empirically-evaluated smoking cessation programs for this population. It is important that any such program address the factors known to be associated with quitting-related outcomes among homeless young people, to provide ongoing support in a way that accommodates the mobility of this population, and does not rely on scarce service provider resources for its delivery. The objective of this project is to develop and pilot test a text messaging-based intervention (TMI), as an adjunct to brief cessation counseling and provision of nicotine patches, to help homeless young people who want to quit smoking.

Methods/design

This pilot study will utilize a cluster cross-over randomized controlled design with up to 80 current smokers who desire to quit and are recruited from three drop-in centers serving young people experiencing homelessness in the Los Angeles area. All participants will be provided with a minimum standard of care: a 30-min group-based smoking cessation counseling session and free nicotine replacement. Half of these smokers will then also receive the TMI, as an adjunct to this standard care, which will provide 6 weeks of ongoing support for quitting. This support includes continued and more intensive education regarding nicotine dependence, quitting smoking, and relapse; does not require additional agency resources; can be available “on demand” to users; and includes features to personalize the quitting experience. This study will investigate whether receiving the TMI adjunct to standard smoking cessation care results in greater reductions in cigarette smoking compared to standard care alone over a 3-month period.

Discussion

This study has the potential to address an important gap in the clinical research literature on cigarette smoking cessation and provide empirical support for using a TMI to provide ongoing assistance and support for quitting among young smokers experiencing homelessness.
Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03874585. Registered March 14, 2019, https://​clinicaltrials.​gov/​ct2/​show/​record/​NCT03874585.
Literature
1.
Robertson M. Homeless youth. In: Levison D, editor. Encyclopedia of homelessness. Thousand Oaks: Sage; 2004.
2.
Tucker JS. Drug use, social context, and HIV risk in homeless youth. Bethesda: National Institute on Drug Abuse. Grant No. R01DA020351; 2007.
3.
Witkin AL, Milburn NG, Rotheram-Borus MJ, Batterham P, May S, Brooks R. Finding homeless youth—patterns based on geographical area and number of homeless episodes. Youth Soc. 2005;37(1):62–84.CrossRef
4.
Henry M, Mahathey A, Morrill T, Robinson A, Shivji A, Watt R. The 2018 Annual Homeless Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress. Part 1: Point-in-time estimates of homelessness. Washington, DC; 2018.
5.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). The Health Consequences of Smoking—50 Years of Progress: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2014.
6.
Baer JS, Ginzler JA, Peterson PL. DSM-IV alcohol and substance abuse and dependence in homeless youth. J Stud Alcohol. 2003;64(1):5–14.PubMedCrossRef
7.
Bousman CA, Blumberg EJ, Shillington AM, Hovell MF, Ji M, Lehman S, et al. Predictors of substance use among homeless youth in San Diego. Addict Behav. 2005;30(6):1100–10.PubMedCrossRef
8.
Wenzel SL, Tucker JS, Golinelli D, Green HD, Zhou A. Personal network correlates of alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use among homeless youth. Drug Alcohol Depen. 2010;112(1–2):140–9.CrossRef
9.
Tucker JS, Shadel WG, Golinelli D, Ewing B, Mullins L. Motivation to quit and interest in cessation treatment among homeless youth smokers. Nicotine Tob Res. 2015;17(8):990–5.PubMedCrossRef
10.
Schulenberg J, O’Malley P, Bachman J, Miech R, Patrick M. Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use, 1975–2018: Volume II, College students and adults ages 19–60. Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan; 2019.
11.
Tucker JS, Shadel WG, Golinelli D, Mullins L, Ewing B. Sniping and other high-risk smoking practices among homeless youth. Drug Alcohol Depen. 2015;154:105–10.CrossRef
12.
13.
Chen JS, Nguyen AH, Malesker MA, Morrow LE. High-risk smoking behaviors and barriers to smoking cessation among homeless individuals. Resp Care. 2016;61(5):640–5.CrossRef
14.
Torkashvand J, Sobhi HR, Esrafili A. Littered cigarette butt as a well-known hazardous waste: a comprehensive systematic review. J Hazard Mater. 2020;383(5):121242.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Ferenchick GS. The medical problems of homeless clinic patients: a comparative study. J Gen Intern Med. 1992;7(3):294–7.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Kipke MD, Montgomery SB, Simon TR, Iverson EF. “Substance abuse” disorders among runaway and homeless youth. Subst Use Misuse. 1997;32(7–8):969–86.PubMedCrossRef
17.
Rabinovitz S, Desai M, Schneir A, Clark L. No way home: Understanding the needs and experiences of homeless youth in Hollywood. Los Angeles: Hollywood Homeless Youth Partnership; 2010.
18.
Sachs-Ericsson N, Wise E, Debrody CP, Paniucki HB. Health problems and service utilization in the homeless. J Health Care Poor U. 1999;10:443–52.CrossRef
19.
Kulik DM, Gaetz S, Crowe C, Ford-Jones EL. Homeless youth’s overwhelming health burden: a review of the literature. Paediatr Child Health. 2011;16(6):e43–7.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
20.
Thompson RG, Hasin DS. Cigarette, marijuana, and alcohol use and prior drug treatment among newly homeless young adults in New York City: relationship to a history of foster care. Drug Alcohol Depen. 2011;117(1):66–9.CrossRef
21.
Thompson SJ, Zittel-Palamara KM, Forehand G. Risk factors for cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use among runaway youth utilizing two services sectors. J Child Adoles Subst. 2005;15(1):17–36.CrossRef
22.
Tucker JS, Shadel WG, Golinelli D, Ewing B, Mullins L, Staplefoot BL. Reducing cigarette smoking among unaccompanied homeless youth. RAND Research Highlight. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation; 2015. Contract No.: RB-9828.
23.
Mullins L, O’Hanlon C, Shadel WG, Tucker JS. A qualitative study of smoking cessation experiences and perceptions among homeless youth. J Soc Distress Homel. 2018;27:1–8.CrossRef
24.
Shadel WG, Tucker JS, Golinelli D. Readjusting our priorities: helping homeless youth quit smoking. Am J Prev Med. 2015;49(6):970–3.PubMedCrossRef
25.
Shadel WG, Tucker JS, Mullins L, Staplefoote L. Providing smoking cessation programs to homeless youth: the perspective of service providers. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2014;47:251–7.PubMedCrossRef
26.
Whittaker R, McRobbie H, Bullen C, Rodgers A, Gu Y, Dobson R. Mobile phone text messaging and app-based interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Db Syst Rev. 2019;10:Cd006611.
27.
Petering R. Homeless Youth Risk and Resilience Survey: Research Brief 2017. Los Angeles: USC Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work; 2017.
28.
Tyler KA, Schmitz RM. Using cell phones for data collection: benefits, outcomes, and intervention possibilities with homeless youth. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2017;76:59–64.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
29.
Eyrich-Garg KM. Mobile phone technology: a new paradigm for the prevention, treatment, and research of the non-sheltered “street” homeless? J Urban Health. 2010;87(3):365–80.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
30.
Rice E, Lee A, Taitt S. Cell phone use among homeless youth: potential for new health interventions and research. J Urban Health. 2011;88(6):1175–82.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
31.
Corinth K. A tech revolution for the homeless. Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute; 2016.
32.
Bauer DJ, Sterba SK, Hallfors DD. Evaluating group-based interventions when control participants are ungrouped. Multivar Behav Res. 2008;43(2):210–36.CrossRef
33.
Murray D. Design and analysis of group-randomized trials. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1998.
34.
Tucker JS. Brief AOD Use and Sexual Risk Reduction Group MI Intervention for Homeless Youth. Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse. Grant No. R34DA034813; 2013.
35.
Tucker JS. Use of Alternative Tobacco Products Among Homeless Youth. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Grant No. R01CA204004; 2017.
36.
Tucker JS. Brief Group MI Intervention for AOD and Sexual Risk Behavior in Homeless Youth. Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Grant No. R01AA025641; 2018.
37.
Tucker JS. Reducing tobacco use among homeless youth (21RT-0118). Oakland, CA: University of California Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program. Grant No. 21RT-0118; 2012.
38.
Tucker JS, D’Amico EJ, Ewing BA, Miles JN, Pedersen ER. A group-based motivational interviewing brief intervention to reduce substance use and sexual risk behavior among homeless young adults. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2017;76:20–7.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
39.
Garvey R, Pedersen ER, D’Amico EJ, Ewing BA, Tucker JS. Recruitment and retention of homeless youth in a substance use and HIV risk reduction program. Field Methods. 2018;30:22–36.PubMedCrossRef
40.
Pedersen ER, Tucker JS, Kovalchik SA. Facilitators and barriers of drop-in center use among homeless youth. J Adolescent Health. 2016;59(2):144–53.CrossRef
41.
Abroms LC, Boal AL, Simmens SJ, Mendel JA, Windsor RA. A randomized trial of Text2Quit: a text messaging program for smoking cessation. Am J Prev Med. 2014;47(3):242–50.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
42.
Shadel WG, Niaura R. Brief behavioral interventions. In: Abrams DB, Niaura R, Brown RK, Goldstein MG, Monti PM, editors. The tobacco dependence treatment handbook. New York: Guilford Press; 2003. p. 101–17.
43.
Fiore MC, Jaén CR, Baker TB, Bailey WC, Benowitz NL, Curry SJ, et al. Treating tobacco use and dependence: 2008 update. Clinical practice guideline. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service; 2008.
44.
Shadel WG, Martino SC, Setodji C, Cervone D, Witkiewitz K, Beckjord EB, et al. Lapse-induced surges in craving influence relapse in adult smokers: an experimental investigation. Health Psychol. 2011;30(5):588–96.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
45.
Tucker JS, Shadel WG, Galvan FH, Naranjo D, Lopez C, Setodji C. Pilot evaluation of a brief intervention to improve nicotine patch adherence among smokers living with HIV/AIDS. Psychol Addict Behav. 2017;31(2):148–53.PubMedCrossRef
46.
Bandura A. Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Upper Saddle River: Prentice-Hall, Inc.; 1986.
47.
Maisto SA, Carey KB, Bradizza CM. Social learning theory. In: Leonard KE, Blane HT, editors. Psychological theories of drinking and alcoholism. New York: Guildford Press; 1999. p. 106–63.
48.
Kahneman D, Slovic P, Tversky A. Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. New York: Cambridge University Press; 1992.
49.
Kahneman D, Tversky A. Choices, values, and frames. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2000.CrossRef
50.
DeVellis BM, DeVellis RF. Self-efficacy and health. In: Baum A, Revenson TA, Singer JE, editors. Handbook of health psychology. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 2001. p. 235–47.
51.
Scott-Sheldon LAJ, Lantini R, Jennings EG, Thind H, Rosen RK, Salmoirago-Blotcher E, et al. Text messaging-based interventions for smoking cessation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Jmir Mhealth Uhealth. 2016;4(2):337–60.CrossRef
52.
Ybarra ML, Holtrop JS, Prescott TL, Rahbar MH, Strong D. Pilot RCT Results of Stop My Smoking USA: a text messaging-based smoking cessation program for young adults. Nicotine Tob Res. 2013;15(8):1388–99.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
53.
Tucker JS, Linnemayr S, Pedersen ER, Shadel WG, Zutshi R, Mendoza-Graf A. Developing a text messaging-based smoking cessation intervention for young adults experiencing homelessness. J Smoking Cessation (in press).
54.
Schafer J. Analysis of incomplete multivariate data Monographs on statistics and applied probability. London: Chapman & Hall Press; 1997.
55.
Jakobsen JC, Gluud C, Wetterslev J, et al. When and how should multiple imputation be used for handling missing data in randomised clinical trials—a practical guide with flowcharts. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2017;17(1):162.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
56.
Hewitt CE, Torgerson DJ, Miles JNV. Is there another way to take account of noncompliance in randomized controlled trials? Can Med Assoc J. 2006;175(4):347–8.CrossRef
57.
Ahn EJ, Kim JH, Kim TK, Park JH, Lee DK, Lee S, In J, Kang H. Assessment of P values for demographic data in randomized controlled trials. Anesthesiology. 2019;72(2):130–4.
58.
Mutz DC, Pemantle R, Pham P. The Perils of balance testing in experimental design: messy analyses of clean data. Am Stat. 2019;73(1):32–42.CrossRef
59.
Mason MJ, Campbell L, Way T, Keyser-Marcus L, Benotsch E, Mennis J, et al. Development and outcomes of a text messaging tobacco cessation intervention with urban adolescents. Subst Abus. 2015;36(4):500–6.CrossRefPubMed
60.
Gajecki M, Berman AH, Sinadinovic K, Rosendahl I, Andersson C. Mobile phone brief intervention applications for risky alcohol use among university students: a randomized controlled study. Addict Sci Clin Pract. 2014;9:11.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
61.
Hughes JR, Keely JP, Niaura RS, Ossip-Klein DJ, Richmond RL, Swan GE. Measures of abstinence in clinical trials: issues and recommendations. Nicotine Tob Res. 2003;5(1):13–25.PubMedCrossRef
62.
Perkins KA, Karelitz JL, Jao NC. Optimal carbon monoxide criteria to confirm 24-hr smoking abstinence. Nicotine Tob Res. 2013;15(5):978–82.PubMedCrossRef
63.
Brown RA, Burgess ES, Sales SD, Whiteley JA, Evans DM, Miller IW. Reliability and validity of a smoking timeline follow-back interview. Psychol Addict Behav. 1998;12(2):101–12.CrossRef
64.
Unger JB, Cruz TB, Schuster D, Flora JA, Johnson CA. Measuring exposure to pro- and anti-tobacco marketing among adolescents: intercorrelations among measures and associations with smoking status. J Health Commun. 2001;6(1):11–29.PubMedCrossRef
65.
Mermelstein R, Cohen S, Lichtenstein E, Baer JS, Kamarck T. Social support and smoking cessation and maintenance. J Consult Clin Psych. 1986;54(4):447–53.CrossRef
66.
Aloot CB, Vredevoe DL, Brecht ML. Evaluation of high-risk smoking practices used by the homeless. Cancer Nurs. 1993;16(2):123–30.PubMedCrossRef
67.
Shadel WG, Edelen MO, Tucker JS, Stucky BD, Hansen M, Cai L. Development of the PROMIS coping expectancies of smoking item banks. Nicotine Tob Res. 2014;16(Suppl 3):S202–11.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
68.
Gwaltney CJ, Shiffman S, Norman GJ, Paty JA, Kassel JD, Gnys M, et al. Does smoking abstinence self-efficacy vary across situations? Identifying context-specificity within the Relapse Situation Efficacy Questionnaire. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2001;69(3):516–27.PubMedCrossRef
69.
Macnee CL, Talsma A. Development and testing of the barriers to cessation scale. Nurs Res. 1995;44(4):214–9.PubMedCrossRef
70.
Kraemer HC, Mintz J, Noda A, Tinklenberg J, Yesavage JA. Caution regarding the use of pilot studies to guide power calculations for study proposals. Arch Gen Psychiat. 2006;63(5):484–9.PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
A text message intervention for quitting cigarette smoking among young adults experiencing homelessness: study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors
Joan S. Tucker
Eric R. Pedersen
Sebastian Linnemayr
William G. Shadel
Maria DeYoreo
Rushil Zutshi
Publication date
01-12-2020
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Addiction Science & Clinical Practice / Issue 1/2020
Electronic ISSN: 1940-0640
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13722-020-00187-6

Other articles of this Issue 1/2020

Addiction Science & Clinical Practice 1/2020 Go to the issue

Research

Six-month retention and changes in quality of life and substance use from a low-threshold methadone maintenance therapy programme in Durban, South Africa

Review

How do state Medicaid programs determine what substance use disorder treatment medications need prior authorization? An overview for clinicians

Study Protocol

Study design to evaluate a group-based therapy for support persons of adults on buprenorphine/naloxone

Research

What constitutes “behavioral health”? Perceptions of substance-related problems and their treatment in primary care

Study Protocol

Development of an integrated digital health intervention to promote engagement in and adherence to medication for opioid use disorder

Research

Substance use disorders and risk of suicide in a general US population: a case control study