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BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

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Open Access 01-12-2021 | Arthritis | Research article

Therapeutic effect of various ginsenosides on rheumatoid arthritis

Authors: Meng Zhang, Hongwei Ren, Kun Li, Shengsheng Xie, Ru Zhang, Longlong Zhang, Jiaxuan Xia, Xing Chen, Xilin Li, Jianxin Wang

Published in: BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies | Issue 1/2021

Abstract

Background

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease which causes disability and threatens the health of humans. Therefore, it is of great significance to seek novel effective drugs for RA. It has been reported that various ginsenoside monomers are able to treat RA. However, it is still unclear which ginsenoside is the most effective and has the potential to be developed into an anti-RA drug.

Methods

The ginsenosides, including Rg1, Rg3, Rg5, Rb1, Rh2 and CK, were evaluated and compared for their therapeutic effect on RA. In in vitro cell studies, methotrexate (MTX) and 0.05% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was set as a positive control group and a negative control group, respectively. LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells and TNF-α-induced HUVEC cells were cultured with MTX, DMSO and six ginsenosides, respectively. Cell proliferation was analyzed by MTT assay and cell apoptosis was carried out by flow cytometry. CIA mice model was developed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of ginsenosides. The analysis of histology, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry and cytokine detections of the joint tissues were performed to elucidate the action mechanisms of ginsenosides.

Results

All six ginsenosides showed good therapeutic effect on acute arthritis compared with the negative control group, Ginsenoside CK provided the most effective treatment ability. It could significantly inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of RAW 264.7 and HUVEC cells, and substantially reduce the swelling, redness, functional impairment of joints and the pathological changes of CIA mice. Meanwhile, CK could increase CD8 + T cell to down-regulate the immune response, decrease the number of activated CD4 + T cell and proinflammatory M1-macrophages, thus resulting in the inhibition of the secretion of proinflammatory cytokine such as TNF-α and IL-6.

Conclusion

Ginsenoside CK was proved to be a most potential candidate among the tested ginsenosides for the treatment of RA, with a strong anti-inflammation and immune modulating capabilities.

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Title: Therapeutic effect of various ginsenosides on rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Meng Zhang
Hongwei Ren
Kun Li
Shengsheng Xie
Ru Zhang
Longlong Zhang
Jiaxuan Xia
Xing Chen
Xilin Li
Jianxin Wang
Publication date: 01-12-2021
Publisher: BioMed Central
Keywords: Arthritis
Methotrexate
Methotrexate
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Published in: BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies / Issue 1/2021
Electronic ISSN: 2662-7671
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-021-03302-5

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Therapeutic effect of various ginsenosides on rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

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