Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Annals of Surgical Oncology 8/2013

01-08-2013 | Breast Oncology

Application of the Adjuvant! Online Model to Korean Breast Cancer Patients: An Assessment of Prognostic Accuracy and Development of an Alternative Prognostic Tool

Authors: Minkyu Jung, MD, Eun Hee Choi, MS, Chung Mo Nam, PhD, Sun Young Rha, MD, PhD, Hei Cheul Jeung, MD, PhD, Soo Hyun Lee, MD, Woo Ick Yang, MD, PhD, Jae Kyung Roh, MD, PhD, Hyun Cheol Chung, MD, PhD

Published in: Annals of Surgical Oncology | Issue 8/2013

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Adjuvant! Online (AOL) is a Web-accessible risk-assessment model that predicts the mortality and the benefits of adjuvant therapy for breast cancer.

Methods

Using the Yonsei Tumor Registry database, patients with T1–3, N0–3, M0 breast cancer who were treated at the Yonsei Cancer Center between 1986 and 1999 were entered into AOL version 8.0 to calculate survival.

Results

The median age of the study population was 45 years (range, 23–76 years) and the median follow-up duration was 10.8 years (range, 0.1–25.9 years) for all 699 patients. AOL significantly overestimated overall survival (OS) (by 11.1 %, P < 0.001), breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) (by 11.6 %, P < 0.001), and event free-free survival (EFS) (by 9.25 %, P < 0.001) in Korean patients. Therefore, we developed a Korean version of AOL (KAOL), which is a new model for prognosis based on AOL’s parameters. The observed 10-year OS (61.4 %), BCSS (62.3 %), and EFS (59.1 %) and the KAOL predicted OS (61.5 %), BCSS (63.5 %) and EFS (57.6 %) were not different (P = 0.976, P = 0.771, and P = 0.674, respectively).

Conclusions

AOL was not found to be suitable in Korean patients with breast cancer. The newly developed KAOL accurately predicted 10-year outcomes in Korean breast cancer patients.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Eifel P, Axelson JA, et al; National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Panel. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement: adjuvant therapy for breast cancer, November 1–3, 2000. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2001;93:979–89.PubMedCrossRef Eifel P, Axelson JA, et al; National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Panel. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement: adjuvant therapy for breast cancer, November 1–3, 2000. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2001;93:979–89.PubMedCrossRef
2.
go back to reference Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group (EBCTCG). Effects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for early breast cancer on recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomised trials. Lancet. 2005;365:1687–717.CrossRef Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group (EBCTCG). Effects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for early breast cancer on recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomised trials. Lancet. 2005;365:1687–717.CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Goldhirsch A, Glick JH, Gelber RD, Coates AS, Senn HJ. Meeting highlights: International consensus panel on the treatment of primary breast cancer. Seventh international conference on adjuvant therapy of primary breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2001;19:3817–27.PubMed Goldhirsch A, Glick JH, Gelber RD, Coates AS, Senn HJ. Meeting highlights: International consensus panel on the treatment of primary breast cancer. Seventh international conference on adjuvant therapy of primary breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2001;19:3817–27.PubMed
4.
go back to reference Galea MH, Blamey RW, Elston CE, Ellis IO. The Nottingham prognostic index in primary breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1992;22:207–19.PubMedCrossRef Galea MH, Blamey RW, Elston CE, Ellis IO. The Nottingham prognostic index in primary breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1992;22:207–19.PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Ravdin PM, Siminoff LA, Davis GJ, et al. Computer program to assist in making decisions about adjuvant therapy for women with early breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2001;19:980–91.PubMed Ravdin PM, Siminoff LA, Davis GJ, et al. Computer program to assist in making decisions about adjuvant therapy for women with early breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2001;19:980–91.PubMed
6.
go back to reference Olivotto IA, Bajdik CD, Ravdin PM, et al. Population-based validation of the prognostic model Adjuvant! for early breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:2716–25.PubMedCrossRef Olivotto IA, Bajdik CD, Ravdin PM, et al. Population-based validation of the prognostic model Adjuvant! for early breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:2716–25.PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Mook S, Schmidt MK, Rutgers EJ, et al. Calibration and discriminatory accuracy of prognosis calculation for breast cancer with the online Adjuvant! program: a hospital-based retrospective cohort study. Lancet Oncol. 2009;10:1070–6.PubMedCrossRef Mook S, Schmidt MK, Rutgers EJ, et al. Calibration and discriminatory accuracy of prognosis calculation for breast cancer with the online Adjuvant! program: a hospital-based retrospective cohort study. Lancet Oncol. 2009;10:1070–6.PubMedCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, Pisani P. Global cancer statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J Clin. 2005;55:74–108.PubMedCrossRef Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, Pisani P. Global cancer statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J Clin. 2005;55:74–108.PubMedCrossRef
9.
go back to reference Kamangar F, Dores GM, Anderson WF. Patterns of cancer incidence, mortality, and prevalence across five continents: defining priorities to reduce cancer disparities in different geographic regions of the world. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:2137–50.PubMedCrossRef Kamangar F, Dores GM, Anderson WF. Patterns of cancer incidence, mortality, and prevalence across five continents: defining priorities to reduce cancer disparities in different geographic regions of the world. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:2137–50.PubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Porter P. “Westernizing” women’s risks? Breast cancer in lower-income countries. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:213–6.PubMedCrossRef Porter P. “Westernizing” women’s risks? Breast cancer in lower-income countries. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:213–6.PubMedCrossRef
11.
go back to reference Yoo KY, Kang D, Park SK, et al. Epidemiology of breast cancer in Korea: occurrence, high-risk groups, and prevention. J Korean Med Sci. 2002;17:1–6.PubMed Yoo KY, Kang D, Park SK, et al. Epidemiology of breast cancer in Korea: occurrence, high-risk groups, and prevention. J Korean Med Sci. 2002;17:1–6.PubMed
12.
go back to reference Shin HR, Won YJ, Jung KW, et al. Nationwide cancer incidence in Korea, 1999–2001: first result using the national cancer incidence database. Cancer Res Treat. 2005;37:325–31.PubMedCrossRef Shin HR, Won YJ, Jung KW, et al. Nationwide cancer incidence in Korea, 1999–2001: first result using the national cancer incidence database. Cancer Res Treat. 2005;37:325–31.PubMedCrossRef
13.
go back to reference Lee TH, Paik NS, Kim YK. Carcinoma of the breast in women 35 years of age or less. Cancer Res Treat. 1992;24:834–9. Lee TH, Paik NS, Kim YK. Carcinoma of the breast in women 35 years of age or less. Cancer Res Treat. 1992;24:834–9.
14.
go back to reference Jeong J. Korean Breast Cancer Society. Nationwide Korean breast cancer data of 2004 using breast cancer registration program. J Breast Cancer. 2006;9:151–61. Jeong J. Korean Breast Cancer Society. Nationwide Korean breast cancer data of 2004 using breast cancer registration program. J Breast Cancer. 2006;9:151–61.
16.
go back to reference Agarwal G, Pradeep PV, Aggarwal V, Yip C, Cheung PS. Spectrum of breast cancer in Asian women. World J Surg. 2007;31:1031–40.PubMedCrossRef Agarwal G, Pradeep PV, Aggarwal V, Yip C, Cheung PS. Spectrum of breast cancer in Asian women. World J Surg. 2007;31:1031–40.PubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Jung M, Shin HJ, Rha SY, et al. The clinical outcome of chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea in premenopausal young patients with breast cancer with long-term follow-up. Ann Surg Oncol. 2010;17:3259–68.PubMedCrossRef Jung M, Shin HJ, Rha SY, et al. The clinical outcome of chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea in premenopausal young patients with breast cancer with long-term follow-up. Ann Surg Oncol. 2010;17:3259–68.PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Harrell FE, Lee KL, Mark DB. Multivariable prognostic models: issues in developing models, evaluating assumptions and adequacy, and measuring and reducing errors. Stat Med. 1996;15:361–87.PubMedCrossRef Harrell FE, Lee KL, Mark DB. Multivariable prognostic models: issues in developing models, evaluating assumptions and adequacy, and measuring and reducing errors. Stat Med. 1996;15:361–87.PubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Klein JP, Moeschberger ML. Survival analysis: techniques for censored and truncated data. 2nd ed. New York: Springer; 2003. Klein JP, Moeschberger ML. Survival analysis: techniques for censored and truncated data. 2nd ed. New York: Springer; 2003.
20.
go back to reference Agresti A. An introduction to categorical data analysis. 2nd ed. Hoboken: Wiley; 2007. Agresti A. An introduction to categorical data analysis. 2nd ed. Hoboken: Wiley; 2007.
21.
go back to reference Campbell HE, Taylor MA, Harris AL, Gray AM. An investigation into the performance of the Adjuvant! Online prognostic programme in early breast cancer for a cohort of patients in the United Kingdom. Br J Cancer. 2009;101:1074–84.PubMedCrossRef Campbell HE, Taylor MA, Harris AL, Gray AM. An investigation into the performance of the Adjuvant! Online prognostic programme in early breast cancer for a cohort of patients in the United Kingdom. Br J Cancer. 2009;101:1074–84.PubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Han W, Ko S, Jeong J, et al. Poor outcome of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer at very young age is due to tamoxifen resistance: nationwide survival data in Korea—a report from the Korean Breast Cancer Society. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:2360–8.PubMedCrossRef Han W, Ko S, Jeong J, et al. Poor outcome of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer at very young age is due to tamoxifen resistance: nationwide survival data in Korea—a report from the Korean Breast Cancer Society. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:2360–8.PubMedCrossRef
23.
go back to reference Goldhirsch A, Coates AS, Werner ID, et al. Is chemotherapy alone adequate for young women with oestrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer? Lancet. 2000;355:1869–74.PubMedCrossRef Goldhirsch A, Coates AS, Werner ID, et al. Is chemotherapy alone adequate for young women with oestrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer? Lancet. 2000;355:1869–74.PubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Tan BK, Lim GH, Czene K, Hall P, Chia KS. Do Asian breast cancer patients have poorer survival than their western counterparts? A comparison between Singapore and Stockholm. Breast Cancer Res. 2009;11:R4.PubMedCrossRef Tan BK, Lim GH, Czene K, Hall P, Chia KS. Do Asian breast cancer patients have poorer survival than their western counterparts? A comparison between Singapore and Stockholm. Breast Cancer Res. 2009;11:R4.PubMedCrossRef
25.
go back to reference Lim S, Back M, Quek E, Iau P, Putti T, Wong JE. Clinical observations from a breast cancer registry in Asian women. World J Surg. 2007;31:1387–92.PubMedCrossRef Lim S, Back M, Quek E, Iau P, Putti T, Wong JE. Clinical observations from a breast cancer registry in Asian women. World J Surg. 2007;31:1387–92.PubMedCrossRef
26.
go back to reference Chu KC, Anderson WF, Fritz A, Ries LA, Brawley OW. Frequency distributions of breast cancer characteristics classified by estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status for eight racial/ethnic groups. Cancer. 2001;92:37–45.PubMedCrossRef Chu KC, Anderson WF, Fritz A, Ries LA, Brawley OW. Frequency distributions of breast cancer characteristics classified by estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status for eight racial/ethnic groups. Cancer. 2001;92:37–45.PubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Chow LW, Ho P. Hormonal receptor determination of 1,052 Chinese breast cancers. J Surg Oncol. 2000;75:172–5.PubMedCrossRef Chow LW, Ho P. Hormonal receptor determination of 1,052 Chinese breast cancers. J Surg Oncol. 2000;75:172–5.PubMedCrossRef
28.
go back to reference Chuang E, Christos P, Flam A, et al. Breast cancer subtypes in Asian-Americans differ according to Asian ethnic group. J Immigr Minor Health. 2012;14(5):754–8.PubMedCrossRef Chuang E, Christos P, Flam A, et al. Breast cancer subtypes in Asian-Americans differ according to Asian ethnic group. J Immigr Minor Health. 2012;14(5):754–8.PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Telli ML, Chang ET, Kurian AW, et al. Asian ethnicity and breast cancer subtypes: a study from the California Cancer Registry. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2011;127:471–8.PubMedCrossRef Telli ML, Chang ET, Kurian AW, et al. Asian ethnicity and breast cancer subtypes: a study from the California Cancer Registry. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2011;127:471–8.PubMedCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Bhoo Pathy N, Yip C, Hartman M, et al. Adjuvant! Online is overoptimistic in predicting survival of Asian breast cancer patients. Eur J Cancer. 2012;48:982–9.PubMedCrossRef Bhoo Pathy N, Yip C, Hartman M, et al. Adjuvant! Online is overoptimistic in predicting survival of Asian breast cancer patients. Eur J Cancer. 2012;48:982–9.PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Application of the Adjuvant! Online Model to Korean Breast Cancer Patients: An Assessment of Prognostic Accuracy and Development of an Alternative Prognostic Tool
Authors
Minkyu Jung, MD
Eun Hee Choi, MS
Chung Mo Nam, PhD
Sun Young Rha, MD, PhD
Hei Cheul Jeung, MD, PhD
Soo Hyun Lee, MD
Woo Ick Yang, MD, PhD
Jae Kyung Roh, MD, PhD
Hyun Cheol Chung, MD, PhD
Publication date
01-08-2013
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Annals of Surgical Oncology / Issue 8/2013
Print ISSN: 1068-9265
Electronic ISSN: 1534-4681
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-013-2956-z

Other articles of this Issue 8/2013

Annals of Surgical Oncology 8/2013 Go to the issue