Top

Published in:

01-06-2009 | Topic Paper

Application of new technology in bladder cancer diagnosis and treatment

Authors: Alvin C. Goh, Seth P. Lerner

Published in: World Journal of Urology | Issue 3/2009

Abstract

Recent advances in imaging technology may offer the ability to augment bladder cancer diagnosis, staging, and treatment. Fluorescence cystoscopy has been shown in numerous clinical studies to improve the detection of papillary and flat bladder lesions over conventional cystoscopy. Photosensitizing agents like aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and its derivative hexaminolevulinate (HAL) have undergone the most extensive investigation. Prospective clinical trials have demonstrated improved diagnostic ability, enhanced tumor resection, and reduced tumor recurrence. Optical coherence tomography is an emerging technology that shows promise in revealing subsurface information about bladder lesions in real-time, potentially leading to more accurate staging. Narrow-band imaging may augment standard endoscopic tools by providing increased contrast between normal and abnormal tissue. Virtual cystoscopy may allow non-invasive tumor diagnosis, treatment planning, and surveillance. We aim to provide an overview of the strengths and weaknesses of these imaging modalities and examine their potential impact on the diagnosis and management of bladder cancer.

Riley GF, Potosky AL, Lubitz JD, Kessler LG (1995) Medicare payments from diagnosis to death for elderly cancer patients by stage at diagnosis. Med Care 33(8):828–841PubMedCrossRef

Botteman MF, Pashos CL, Redaelli A, Laskin B, Hauser R (2003) The health economics of bladder cancer: a comprehensive review of the published literature. Pharmacoeconomics 21(18):1315–1330PubMedCrossRef

Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, Hao Y, Xu J, Murray T, Thun MJ (2008) Cancer statistics, 2008. CA Cancer J Clin 58(2):71–96PubMedCrossRef

Herr HW (1997) Natural history of superficial bladder tumors: 10- to 20-year follow-up of treated patients. World J Urol 15(2):84–88PubMedCrossRef

Holmang S, Hedelin H, Anderstrom C, Holmberg E, Busch C, Johansson SL (1999) Recurrence and progression in low grade papillary urothelial tumors. J Urol 162(3 Pt 1):702–707PubMedCrossRef

Brausi M, Collette L, Kurth K, van der Meijden AP, Oosterlinck W, Witjes JA, Newling D, Bouffioux C, Sylvester RJ (2002) Variability in the recurrence rate at first follow-up cystoscopy after TUR in stage Ta T1 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: a combined analysis of seven EORTC studies. Eur Urol 41(5):523–531PubMedCrossRef

Quayle SS, Ames CD, Lieber D, Yan Y, Landman J (2005) Comparison of optical resolution with digital and standard fiberoptic cystoscopes in an in vitro model. Urology 66(3):489–493PubMedCrossRef

Cina SJ, Epstein JI, Endrizzi JM, Harmon WJ, Seay TM, Schoenberg MP (2001) Correlation of cystoscopic impression with histologic diagnosis of biopsy specimens of the bladder. Hum Pathol 32(6):630–637PubMedCrossRef

Soloway MS, Murphy W, Rao MK, Cox C (1978) Serial multiple-site biopsies in patients with bladder cancer. J Urol 120(1):57–59PubMed

10.

Millan-Rodriguez F, Chechile-Toniolo G, Salvador-Bayarri J, Palou J, Vicente-Rodriguez J (2000) Multivariate analysis of the prognostic factors of primary superficial bladder cancer. J Urol 163(1):73–78PubMedCrossRef

11.

Klan R, Loy V, Huland H (1991) Residual tumor discovered in routine second transurethral resection in patients with stage T1 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. J Urol 146(2):316–318PubMed

12.

Schwaibold HE, Sivalingam S, May F, Hartung R (2006) The value of a second transurethral resection for T1 bladder cancer. BJU Int 97(6):1199–1201PubMedCrossRef

13.

Brauers A, Buettner R, Jakse G (2001) Second resection and prognosis of primary high risk superficial bladder cancer: is cystectomy often too early? J Urol 165(3):808–810PubMedCrossRef

14.

Shariat SF, Palapattu GS, Karakiewicz PI, Rogers CG, Vazina A, Bastian PJ, Schoenberg MP, Lerner SP, Sagalowsky AI, Lotan Y (2007) Discrepancy between clinical and pathologic stage: impact on prognosis after radical cystectomy. Eur Urol 51(1):137–149 (discussion 149–151)PubMedCrossRef

15.

Whitmore WF Jr, Bush IM, Esquivel E (1964) Tetracycline Ultraviolet Fluorescence in Bladder Carcinoma. Cancer 17:1528–1532PubMedCrossRef

16.

Kelly JF (1975) Haematoporphyrins in the diagnosis and treatment of carcinoma of the bladder. Proc R Soc Med 68(8):527–528PubMed

17.

Kennedy JC, Pottier RH, Pross DC (1990) Photodynamic therapy with endogenous protoporphyrin IX: basic principles and present clinical experience. J Photochem Photobiol B 6(1–2):143–148PubMedCrossRef

18.

Lavie G, Mazur Y, Lavie D, Meruelo D (1995) The chemical and biological properties of hypericin–a compound with a broad spectrum of biological activities. Med Res Rev 15(2):111–119PubMedCrossRef

19.

Batlle AM (1993) Porphyrins, porphyrias, cancer and photodynamic therapy—a model for carcinogenesis. J Photochem Photobiol B 20(1):5–22PubMedCrossRef

20.

Hungerhuber E, Stepp H, Kriegmair M, Stief C, Hofstetter A, Hartmann A, Knuechel R, Karl A, Tritschler S, Zaak D (2007) Seven years’ experience with 5-aminolevulinic acid in detection of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Urology 69(2):260–264PubMedCrossRef

21.

Jichlinski P, Guillou L, Karlsen SJ, Malmstrom PU, Jocham D, Brennhovd B, Johansson E, Gartner T, Lange N, van den Bergh H, Leisinger HJ (2003) Hexyl aminolevulinate fluorescence cystoscopy: new diagnostic tool for photodiagnosis of superficial bladder cancer–a multicenter study. J Urol 170(1):226–229PubMedCrossRef

22.

Jocham D, Witjes F, Wagner S, Zeylemaker B, van Moorselaar J, Grimm MO, Muschter R, Popken G, Konig F, Knuchel R, Kurth KH (2005) Improved detection and treatment of bladder cancer using hexaminolevulinate imaging: a prospective, phase III multicenter study. J Urol 174(3):862–866 (discussion 866)PubMedCrossRef

23.

Grossman HB, Gomella L, Fradet Y, Morales A, Presti J, Ritenour C, Nseyo U, Droller MJ (2007) A phase III, multicenter comparison of hexaminolevulinate fluorescence cystoscopy and white light cystoscopy for the detection of superficial papillary lesions in patients with bladder cancer. J Urol 178(1):62–67PubMedCrossRef

24.

Schmidbauer J, Witjes F, Schmeller N, Donat R, Susani M, Marberger M (2004) Improved detection of urothelial carcinoma in situ with hexaminolevulinate fluorescence cystoscopy. J Urol 171(1):135–138PubMedCrossRef

25.

Fradet Y, Grossman HB, Gomella L, Lerner S, Cookson M, Albala D, Droller MJ (2007) A comparison of hexaminolevulinate fluorescence cystoscopy and white light cystoscopy for the detection of carcinoma in situ in patients with bladder cancer: a phase III, multicenter study. J Urol 178(1):68–73 (discussion 73)PubMedCrossRef

26.

Liu H, Wu M, Thomas YK, Lerner SP (2008) Fluorescence and white light cystoscopy for detecting carcinoma in situ of the bladder. J Urol 179(4):326CrossRef

27.

Filbeck T, Pichlmeier U, Knuechel R, Wieland WF, Roessler W (2002) Clinically relevant improvement of recurrence-free survival with 5-aminolevulinic acid induced fluorescence diagnosis in patients with superficial bladder tumors. J Urol 168(1):67–71PubMedCrossRef

28.

Riedl CR, Daniltchenko D, Koenig F, Simak R, Loening SA, Pflueger H (2001) Fluorescence endoscopy with 5-aminolevulinic acid reduces early recurrence rate in superficial bladder cancer. J Urol 165(4):1121–1123PubMedCrossRef

29.

Daniltchenko DI, Riedl CR, Sachs MD, Koenig F, Daha KL, Pflueger H, Loening SA, Schnorr D (2005) Long-term benefit of 5-aminolevulinic acid fluorescence assisted transurethral resection of superficial bladder cancer: 5-year results of a prospective randomized study. J Urol 174(6):2129–2133 (discussion 2133)PubMedCrossRef

30.

Denzinger S, Burger M, Walter B, Knuechel R, Roessler W, Wieland WF, Filbeck T (2007) Clinically relevant reduction in risk of recurrence of superficial bladder cancer using 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced fluorescence diagnosis: 8-year results of prospective randomized study. Urology 69(4):675–679PubMedCrossRef

31.

Steinbach P, Weingandt H, Baumgartner R, Kriegmair M, Hofstadter F, Knuchel R (1995) Cellular fluorescence of the endogenous photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX following exposure to 5-aminolevulinic acid. Photochem Photobiol 62(5):887–895PubMedCrossRef

32.

Zaak D, Karl A, Knuchel R, Stepp H, Hartmann A, Reich O, Bachmann A, Siebels M, Popken G, Stief C (2005) Diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder using fluorescence endoscopy. BJU Int 96(2):217–222PubMedCrossRef

33.

Kriegmair M, Baumgartner R, Knuchel R, Stepp H, Hofstadter F, Hofstetter A (1996) Detection of early bladder cancer by 5-aminolevulinic acid induced porphyrin fluorescence. J Urol 155(1):105–109 (discussion 109–110)PubMedCrossRef

34.

D’Hallewin MA, Kamuhabwa AR, Roskams T, De Witte PA, Baert L (2002) Hypericin-based fluorescence diagnosis of bladder carcinoma. BJU Int 89(7):760–763PubMedCrossRef

35.

Kubin A, Meissner P, Wierrani F, Burner U, Bodenteich A, Pytel A, Schmeller N (2008) Fluorescence diagnosis of bladder cancer with new water soluble hypericin bound to polyvinylpyrrolidone: PVP-hypericin. Photochem Photobiol 84(6):1560–1563PubMedCrossRef

36.

Sim HG, Lau WK, Olivo M, Tan PH, Cheng CW (2005) Is photodynamic diagnosis using hypericin better than white-light cystoscopy for detecting superficial bladder carcinoma? BJU Int 95(9):1215–1218PubMedCrossRef

37.

Pan Y, Xie H, Fedder GK (2001) Endoscopic optical coherence tomography based on a microelectromechanical mirror. Opt Lett 26(24):1966–1968PubMedCrossRef

38.

Fujimoto JG, Pitris C, Boppart SA, Brezinski ME (2000) Optical coherence tomography: an emerging technology for biomedical imaging and optical biopsy. Neoplasia 2(1–2):9–25PubMedCrossRef

39.

Zagaynova EV, Shirmanova MV, Kirillin MY, Khlebtsov BN, Orlova AG, Balalaeva IV, Sirotkina MA, Bugrova ML, Agrba PD, Kamensky VA (2008) Contrasting properties of gold nanoparticles for optical coherence tomography: phantom, in vivo studies and Monte Carlo simulation. Phys Med Biol 53(18):4995–5009PubMedCrossRef

40.

Manyak MJ, Gladkova ND, Makari JH, Schwartz AM, Zagaynova EV, Zolfaghari L, Zara JM, Iksanov R, Feldchtein FI (2005) Evaluation of superficial bladder transitional-cell carcinoma by optical coherence tomography. J Endourol 19(5):570–574PubMedCrossRef

41.

Goh AC, Tresser NJ, Shen SS, Lerner SP (2008) Optical coherence tomography as an adjunct to white light cystoscopy for intravesical real-time imaging and staging of bladder cancer. Urology 72(1):133–137PubMedCrossRef

42.

Wang ZG, Durand DB, Schoenberg M, Pan YT (2005) Fluorescence guided optical coherence tomography for the diagnosis of early bladder cancer in a rat model. J Urol 174(6):2376–2381PubMedCrossRef

43.

Gono K, Obi T, Yamaguchi M, Ohyama N, Machida H, Sano Y, Yoshida S, Hamamoto Y, Endo T (2004) Appearance of enhanced tissue features in narrow-band endoscopic imaging. J Biomed Opt 9(3):568–577PubMedCrossRef

44.

Yoshida T, Inoue H, Usui S, Satodate H, Fukami N, Kudo SE (2004) Narrow-band imaging system with magnifying endoscopy for superficial esophageal lesions. Gastrointest Endosc 59(2):288–295PubMedCrossRef

45.

Machida H, Sano Y, Hamamoto Y, Muto M, Kozu T, Tajiri H, Yoshida S (2004) Narrow-band imaging in the diagnosis of colorectal mucosal lesions: a pilot study. Endoscopy 36(12):1094–1098PubMedCrossRef

46.

Bryan RT, Billingham LJ, Wallace DM (2008) Narrow-band imaging flexible cystoscopy in the detection of recurrent urothelial cancer of the bladder. BJU Int 101(6):702–705 (discussion 705–706)PubMedCrossRef

47.

Herr HW, Donat SM (2008) A comparison of white-light cystoscopy and narrow-band imaging cystoscopy to detect bladder tumour recurrences. BJU Int 102(9):1111–1114PubMedCrossRef

48.

Fenlon HM, Bell TV, Ahari HK, Hussain S (1997) Virtual cystoscopy: early clinical experience. Radiology 205(1):272–275PubMed

49.

Yazgan C, Fitoz S, Atasoy C, Turkolmez K, Yagci C, Akyar S (2004) Virtual cystoscopy in the evaluation of bladder tumors. Clin Imaging 28(2):138–142PubMedCrossRef

50.

Tsampoulas C, Tsili AC, Giannakis D, Alamanos Y, Sofikitis N, Efremidis SC (2008) 16-MDCT cystoscopy in the evaluation of neoplasms of the urinary bladder. AJR Am J Roentgenol 190(3):729–735PubMedCrossRef

51.

Kim JK, Ahn JH, Park T, Ahn HJ, Kim CS, Cho KS (2002) Virtual cystoscopy of the contrast material-filled bladder in patients with gross hematuria. AJR Am J Roentgenol 179(3):763–768PubMed

52.

Narumi Y, Kumatani T, Sawai Y, Kuriyama K, Kuroda C, Takahashi S, Kim T, Tsuda K, Murakami T, Nakamura H (1996) The bladder and bladder tumors: imaging with three-dimensional display of helical CT data. AJR Am J Roentgenol 167(5):1134–1135PubMed

53.

Tsili A, Tsampoulas C, Chatziparaskevas N, Silakos A, Kalef-Ezra J, Sofikitis N, Efremidis SC (2004) Computed tomographic virtual cystoscopy for the detection of urinary bladder neoplasms. Eur Urol 46(5):579–585PubMedCrossRef

Title: Application of new technology in bladder cancer diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Alvin C. Goh
Seth P. Lerner
Publication date: 01-06-2009
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Published in: World Journal of Urology / Issue 3/2009
Print ISSN: 0724-4983
Electronic ISSN: 1433-8726
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-009-0387-z

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Application of new technology in bladder cancer diagnosis and treatment

Abstract

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 3/2009

Two-year follow-up of the phase II marker lesion study of intravesical apaziquone for patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer

Experimental animal model and RNA interference: a promising association for bladder cancer research

Economic aspects of bladder cancer: what are the benefits and costs?

Varicocele is associated with an increase of connective tissue of the pampiniform plexus vein wall

Experimental rat bladder urothelial cell carcinoma models

Updates in intravesical electromotive drug administration® of mitomycin-C for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer