Apoptosis of Merkel cells in neurotrophin-3 null mice

Postnatal mice lacking neurotrophin-3 (NT3) are deficient in Merkel cells of touch domes and whisker follicles. We examined the mechanism of Merkel cell loss by immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy. Merkel cell of whisker follicles of NT3 null newborns exhibited decreased immunoreactivity for cytokeratin 8 and contained apoptotic bodies that were positive for cleaved caspase-3, a marker of active apoptosis. By electron microscopy, the Merkel cells displayed aggregation of chromatin along the nuclear membrane, with the marginated chromatin forming caps at the periphery of the nucleus. Ribosomes aggregated in the cytoplasm, while dense core granules characteristic of Merkel cells were still discernible. Finally, the Merkel cells and their nuclei fragmented into apoptotic bodies. None of the apoptotic Merkel cells were contacted by nerve fibers, and their desmosomal contacts with surrounding keratinocytes disappeared. After postnatal day 6 apoptotic Merkel cells were no longer observed, and the number of surviving Merkel cells was severely reduced. They were flat and contained few osmiophilic granules. We conclude that perinatal apoptosis is responsible for the loss of Merkel cells lacking innervation in NT3 null mice.