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Journal of Neuroinflammation
Published in: Journal of Neuroinflammation 1/2012

Open Access 01-12-2012 | Research

Apolipoprotein C-I is an APOE genotype-dependent suppressor of glial activation

Authors: Eiron Cudaback, Xianwu Li, Yue Yang, Thomas Yoo, Kathleen S Montine, Suzanne Craft, Thomas J Montine, Christopher Dirk Keene

Published in: Journal of Neuroinflammation | Issue 1/2012

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Abstract

Background

Inheritance of the human ϵ4 allele of the apolipoprotein (apo) E gene (APOE) significantly increases the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD), in addition to adversely influencing clinical outcomes of other neurologic diseases. While apoE isoforms differentially interact with amyloid β (Aβ), a pleiotropic neurotoxin key to AD etiology, more recent work has focused on immune regulation in AD pathogenesis and on the mechanisms of innate immunomodulatory effects associated with inheritance of different APOE alleles. APOE genotype modulates expression of proximal genes including APOC1, which encodes a small apolipoprotein that is associated with Aβ plaques. Here we tested the hypothesis that APOE-genotype dependent innate immunomodulation may be mediated in part by apoC-I.

Methods

ApoC-I concentration in cerebrospinal fluid from control subjects of differing APOE genotypes was quantified by ELISA. Real-time PCR and ELISA were used to analyze apoC-I mRNA and protein expression, respectively, in liver, serum, cerebral cortex, and cultured primary astrocytes derived from mice with targeted replacement of murine APOE for human APOE ϵ3 or ϵ4. ApoC-I direct modulation of innate immune activity was investigated in cultured murine primary microglia and astrocytes, as well as human differentiated macrophages, using specific toll-like receptor agonists LPS and PIC as well as Aβ.

Results

ApoC-I levels varied with APOE genotype in humans and in APOE targeted replacement mice, with ϵ4 carriers showing significantly less apoC-I in both species. ApoC-I potently reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion from primary murine microglia and astrocytes, and human macrophages, stimulated with LPS, PIC, or Aβ.

Conclusions

ApoC-I is immunosuppressive. Our results illuminate a novel potential mechanism for APOE genotype risk for AD; one in which patients with an ϵ4 allele have decreased expression of apoC-I resulting in increased innate immune activity.
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Metadata
Title
Apolipoprotein C-I is an APOE genotype-dependent suppressor of glial activation
Authors
Eiron Cudaback
Xianwu Li
Yue Yang
Thomas Yoo
Kathleen S Montine
Suzanne Craft
Thomas J Montine
Christopher Dirk Keene
Publication date
01-12-2012
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Journal of Neuroinflammation / Issue 1/2012
Electronic ISSN: 1742-2094
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-2094-9-192

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