Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ASCO Annual Meeting 2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

2024 ASCO Annual Meeting

Keep up to date with all the top stories and latest evidence with our hub page, including official congress videos and expert takeaways.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
Published in: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 9/2013

01-09-2013 | Original Paper

Anxiety and depression among caregivers of patients with eating disorders and their change over 1 year

Authors: Miren Orive, Angel Padierna, Josune Martin, Urko Aguirre, Nerea González, Pedro Muñoz, Jose M. Quintana

Published in: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology | Issue 9/2013

Login to get access

Abstract

Purpose

Limited data are available on the difficulties experienced over time by caregivers of patients with eating disorders (CPED). The aim of this study was to describe changes in anxiety and depression among such caregivers over 1 year and to identify factors predicting any change in both.

Methods

At recruitment, 145 ED patients and their 246 caregivers completed sociodemographic and clinical instruments, including the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Short-Form 12 (SF-12). Patients also completed the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26), and their psychiatrists assessed clinical variables. Patients and caregivers completed the same instruments 1 year later.

Results

At baseline, prevalence of anxiety and depression among caregivers was 56 and 32 %, respectively. Scores were essentially the same 1 year later. Factors associated with the changes in anxiety were higher anxiety level at baseline and caring for a patient with a restrictive ED. Factors associated with changes in depression included higher depression at baseline and caring for a patient with a restrictive ED. Neither health-related quality of life among patients and caregivers nor patients’ eating attitudes was related to caregiver anxiety or depression.

Conclusions

These findings confirm the presence of substantial and continuing emotional distress among caregivers of patients with ED, highlighting the importance of offering them more extended follow-up and treatment.
Literature
1.
APA (2000) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV-TR). American Psychiatric Association, Washington
2.
Ayuso JL, Artal J, Vázquez-Barquero JL (2007) Epidemiología de la enfermedad mental en la comunidad. In: Vázquez-Barquero JL (ed) Psiquiatría en atención primaria. Biblioteca Aula Médica, Madrid, pp 21–40
3.
Berbel E, Sepulveda AR, Graell M, Andres P, Carrobles JA, Morandé G (2010) Valoración del estado de salud y psicopatología de los familiares en el trastorno del comportamiento alimentario: diferencias entre cuidadores principales y secundarios. Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica 15:179–192
4.
Bjelland I, Dahl AA, Haugh TT, Neckelmann D (2002) The validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. An updated literature review. J Psychosom Res 52:69–77PubMedCrossRef
5.
Castro J, Toro J, Salamero M, Guimera E (1991) The eating attitudes test: validation of the Spanish version. Psychol Assess 7:175–189
6.
De la Rie S, Van Furth EF, De Koning A, Noordenbos G, Dorker M (2005) The quality of life of family caregivers of eating disorder patients. J Treat Prev 13:345–351
7.
Fleury MJ, Grenier G, Bamvita JM, Perreault M, Caron J (2011) Typology of adults diagnosed with mental disorders based on socio-demographics and clinical and service use characteristics. BMC Psychiatry 11:67PubMedCrossRef
8.
Gandek B, Ware JE, Aaronson NK, Apolone G, Bjorner JB, Brazier JE, Bullinger M, Kaasa S, Leplege A, Prieto L, Sullivan M (1998) Cross-validation of item selection and scoring for the SF-12 Health Survey in nine countries: results from the IQOLA Project. J Clin Epidemiol 51:1171–1178PubMedCrossRef
9.
Garner DM, Olmsted MP, Bohr Y, Garfinkel PE (1982) The eating attitudes test: psychometric features and clinical correlates. Psychol Med 12:871–878PubMedCrossRef
10.
Gough K, Hudson P (2009) Psychometric properties of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in family caregivers of palliative care patients. J Pain Symptom Manage 37:797–806PubMedCrossRef
11.
Graap H, Bleich S, Herbst F, Scherzinger C, Trostmann Y, Wancata J, De Zwaan M (2008) The needs of carers: a comparison between eating disorders and schizophrenia. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 43:800–807PubMedCrossRef
12.
Haedt A, Edler C, Heatherton T, Keel P (2006) Importance of multiple purging methods in the classification of eating disorder subtypes. Int J Eat Disord 39:648–654PubMedCrossRef
13.
Haro JM, Palacín C, Vilagur G, Martínez M, Bernal M, Luque I, Codony M, Dolz M, Alonso J, Grupo ESEMeD-España (2006) Prevalencia de los trastornos mentales y factores asociados: resultados del estudio ESEMeD España
14.
Huppert JD, Smith TE (2001) Longitudinal analysis of subjective quality of life in schizophrenia: anxiety as the best symptom predictor. J Nerv Ment Dis 189:669–675PubMedCrossRef
15.
Kyriacou O, Treasure J, Schmidt U (2008) Expressed emotion in eating disorders assessed via self-report: an examination of factors associated with expressed emotion in carers of people with anorexia nervosa in comparison to control families. Int J Eat Disord 41:37–46PubMedCrossRef
16.
Lamers F, Van Oppen P, Comijs HC, Smit JH, Spinhoven P, Van Balkom AJ, Nolen WA, Zitman FG, Beekman AT, Pennix BW (2011) Comorbidity patterns of anxiety and depressive disorders in a large cohort study: the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA). J Clin Psychiatry 72:341–348PubMedCrossRef
17.
Livingston G, Mahoney R, Regan C, Katona C (2005) The caregivers for Alzheimer’s Disease Problems Scale (CAPS): development of a new scale within the LASER-AD study. Age and Aging 34:287–290CrossRef
18.
Martín J, Padierna A, Aguirre U, Quintana JM, Las Hayas C, Muñoz P (2011) Quality of life among caregivers of patients with eating disorders. Quality of Life Research (Epub ahead of print)
19.
Parabiaghi A, Lasalvia A, Bonetto C, Cristofalo D, Marrella G, Tansella M, Ruggeri M (2007) Predictors of changes in caregiving burden in people with schizophrenia: a 3-year follow-up study in a community mental health service. Acta Psychiatr Scand 116:66–76CrossRef
20.
Perlick DA, Hohenstein JM, Clarkin JF, Kaczynski R, Rosenheck RA (2005) Use of mental health and primary care services by caregivers of patients with bipolar disorder: a preliminary study. Bipolar Disord 7:126–135PubMedCrossRef
21.
Price MA, Butow PN, Costa DSJ, King MT, Albridge LJ, Fardell JE, DeFazio A, Webb PM, Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group, Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group Quality of Life Study Investigators (2010) Prevalence and predictors of anxiety and depression in women with invasive ovarian cancer and their caregivers. Med J Aust 193:S52–S57PubMed
22.
Quintana JM, Padierna A, Esteban C, Arostegui I, Bilbao A, Ruiz I (2003) Evaluation of the psychometric characteristics of the Spanish version of the Hospital anxiety and depression Scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 107:216–221PubMedCrossRef
23.
Sepulveda AR, López C, Todd G, Whitaker W, Treasure J (2008) An examination of the impact of “the Maudsley eating disorder collaborative care skills workshops” on the well being of carers. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 43:584–591PubMedCrossRef
24.
Sepulveda AR, Kyriacou O, Treasure J (2009) Development and validation of the Accommodation and Enabling Scale for Eating Disorders (AESED) for caregivers in eating disorders. BMC Health Serv Res 9:171–184PubMedCrossRef
25.
Soto J, Planes M, Gras ME (2003) Symptoms of anxiety and depression in relatives and close friends of hospitalized cancer patients. Revista de Psicología Universitas Tarraconensis 25:109–116
26.
Treasure J, Murphy T, Szmukler G, Todd G, Gavan K, Joyce J (2001) The experience of caregiving for severe mental illness: a comparison between anorexia nervosa and psychosis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 36:343–347PubMedCrossRef
27.
Vittinghoff E, Glidden DV, Shiboski SC, McCulloch CE (2004) Regression methods in biostatistics: linear logistic, survival, and repeated measures models. Springer, New york
28.
Ware J, Kosinski M, Keller SD (1996) A 12-item short-form health survey: construction of scales and preliminary test of reliability and validity. Med Care 34:220–233PubMedCrossRef
29.
Whitney J, Haigh R, Weinman J, Treasure J (2007) Caring of people with eating disorders: factors associated with psychological distress and negative caregiving appraisals in carers of people with eating disorders. Br J Clin Psychol 46:413–428PubMedCrossRef
30.
WHO International Consortium in Psychiatric Epidemiology (2011) Cross-national comparisons of the prevalences and correlates of mental disorders. Bull World Health Organization 78:413–426
31.
Winn S, Perkins SP, Walwyn R, Schmidt U, Eisler I, Treasure J, Berelowitz M, Dodge L, Frost S, Jenkins M, Johnson-Sabine E, Keville S, Murphy R, Robinson P, Yi I (2007) Predictors of mental health problems and negative caregiving experiences in carers of adolescents with bulimia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 40:171–178PubMedCrossRef
32.
Zabala MJ, Macdonald P, Treasure J (2009) Appraisal of caregiving burden, expressed emotion and psychological distress in families of people with eating disorders: a systematic review. Eur Eat Disord Rev 17:338–349PubMedCrossRef
33.
Zigmond AS, Snaith RP (1983) The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 67:361–370PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Anxiety and depression among caregivers of patients with eating disorders and their change over 1 year
Authors
Miren Orive
Angel Padierna
Josune Martin
Urko Aguirre
Nerea González
Pedro Muñoz
Jose M. Quintana
Publication date
01-09-2013
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology / Issue 9/2013
Print ISSN: 0933-7954
Electronic ISSN: 1433-9285
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-013-0662-6

Other articles of this Issue 9/2013

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 9/2013 Go to the issue

Original Paper

Expressed emotion, types of behavioural control and controllability attributions in relatives of people with recent-onset psychosis

Original Paper

Evaluating the seven-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale short-form: a longitudinal US community study

Original Paper

Are symptoms of spirit possessed patients covered by the DSM-IV or DSM-5 criteria for possession trance disorder? A mixed-method explorative study in Uganda

Original Paper

Psychotic disorders are more common in ethnic minority than in Dutch native defendants

Original Paper

Sleep and suicide: an analysis of a cohort of 394,000 Taiwanese adults

Original Paper

Mood instability, mental illness and suicidal ideas: results from a household survey