Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
Published in: BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies 1/2012

Open Access 01-12-2012 | Research article

Antioxidant and gastric cytoprotective prostaglandins properties of Cassia sieberiana roots bark extract as an anti-ulcerogenic agent

Authors: Edmund T Nartey, Mark Ofosuhene, William Kudzi, Caleb M Agbale

Published in: BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies | Issue 1/2012

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Cassia sieberiana is a savannah tree with a wide phytotherapeutic application including the use of its roots in the management of various stomach disorders including gastric ulcer, stomach pains and indigestion. The aim of the study is to evaluate the antioxidant, gastric cytoprotective prostaglandins, secretory phospholipase A2, phytochemical and acute toxicity properties of Cassia sieberiana roots bark extract in a bid to justify its phytotherapeutic applications in gastric ulcer.

Methods

Antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of the roots bark extract of Cassia sieberiana were assayed. Serum secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) concentration and activity and the formation of gastric mucosal prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) and I2 (PGI2) were also assessed. Comparisons between means were performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Students Standard Newman-Keuls post hoc analysis to determine statistical significance. P < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

The extract was found to possess significant ferric reducing antioxidant power and can scavenge hydroxyl radicals. The extract also possesses DPPH scavenging activity, can chelate ferrous ion and a dose-dependent protective effect against lipid peroxidation and free radical generation. Prostaglandin studies showed that the roots bark extract dose dependently increased gastric mucosal PGE2 and PGI2 levels and also decreased serum sPLA2 activity. Phytochemical analyses suggest that the roots extract contains polyhydroxyl/phenolic substances. Acute toxicity test showed no sign of toxicity up to a dose level of 2000 mg/kg body weight p.o.

Conclusions

C. sieberiana roots extract possesses significant antioxidant and gastric cytoprotective prostaglandin properties as well as serum secretory phospholipase A2 inhibitory activity which could be due to its content of polyhydroxy and/or phenolic substances. This may justify its use as an anti-ulcerogenic agent in traditional medicine in West Africa.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Abbiw DK: Portions and Medicine. Useful plants of Ghana. 1990, Intermediate Technology Publications, London, 118-205.CrossRef
2.
Nartey ET, Addo PG, Ofosuhene M, Okine LK, Nyarko AK: The effect of Cassia sieberiana roots bark extract on various experimental gastric ulcer models in rats. J Phytomed Ther. 2009, 14: 53-59.
3.
Toma W, Graciosa JS, Andrade FDP, Hiruma-Lima CA, Vilegas W, Souza-Brito ARM: Antiulcerogenic activity of four extracts from the bark of Quassia amora L. (Simaroubaceae). Biol Pharm Bull. 2002, 25 (9): 1151-1155. 10.1248/bpb.25.1151.CrossRefPubMed
4.
Gülçin I, Bursal E, Sehitoğlu MH, Bilsel M, Gören AC: Polyphenol contents and antioxidant activity of lyophilized aqueous extract of propolis from Erzurum, Turkey. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010, 48 (8–9): 2227-2238.CrossRefPubMed
5.
Rastogi L, Patnaik GK, Dikshit M: Free radicals and antioxidants status following pylorus ligation induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. Pharm Res. 1998, 38: 125-132. 10.1006/phrs.1998.0343.CrossRef
6.
Das D, Banerjee RK: Effect of stress on the antioxidant enzymes and gastric ulceration. Mol Cell Biochem. 1993, 125: 115-125. 10.1007/BF00936440.CrossRefPubMed
7.
Karmeli F, Okon E, Rachmilewitz D: Sulphydryl blocker induced gastric damage is ameliorated by scavenging of free radicals. Gut. 1996, 38: 826-832. 10.1136/gut.38.6.826.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
8.
Rachmilewitz D, Karmeli F, Okon E, Samuni A: A novel anti-ulcerogenic stable radical prevents gastric mucosal lesions in rats. Gut. 1994, 35: 1181-1188. 10.1136/gut.35.9.1181.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
9.
Gülçin İ: Antioxidant properties of resveratrol: a structure–activity insight. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol. 2010, 11 (1): 210-218. 10.1016/j.ifset.2009.07.002.CrossRef
10.
Martin GR, Wallace JL: Gastrointestinal inflammation: a central component of mucosal defense and repair. Exp Biol Med. 2006, 231: 130-137.
11.
Wallace JL: Prostaglandins, NSAIDs, and gastric mucosal protection: why doesn’t the stomach digest itself?. Physiol Rev. 2008, 88: 1547-1565. 10.1152/physrev.00004.2008.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Hawthorne AB, Mahida YR, Cole AT, Hawkey CJ: Aspirin induced gastric mucosal damage: prevention by enteric-coating and relation to prostaglandin synthesis. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1991, 32: 77-83. 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1991.tb05616.x.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
13.
Sontag SJ, Schnell TG, Budiman-Mak E, Adelman K, Fleischmann R, Cohen S, Roth SH, Ipe D, Schwartz KE: Healing of NSAID-induced gastric ulcers with a synthetic prostaglandin analog (enprostil). Am J Gastroenterol. 1994, 89: 1014-1020.PubMed
14.
Sturm A, Dignass AU: Modulation of gastrointestinal wound repair and inflammation by phospholipids. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2002, 1582: 282-288. 10.1016/S1388-1981(02)00182-8.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Dimberg J, Gustafson-Svard C, Westrom B, Tagesson C, Soderkvist P: Group I phospholipase A2 mRNA expression in rat glandular stomach and pancreas. Ontogenic development and effects of cortisone acetate. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1992, 1130: 47-51. 10.1016/0167-4781(92)90460-H.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Evans RJ, Surprenant A: Effects of phospholipase A2 inhibitors on coupling of alpha 2-adrenoceptors to inwardly rectifying potassium currents in guinea-pig submucosal neurones. Br J Pharmacol. 1993, 110: 591-596. 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1993.tb13851.x.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
17.
Official methods of analysis of the association of official analytical chemists. 1990, Association of Official Analytical Chemists,, Arlington, VA, 15
18.
Yildirim A, Mavi A, Kara A: Determination of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Rumex crispus L. extracts. J Agric Food Chem. 2001, 49: 4083-4089. 10.1021/jf0103572.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Zhu QH, Hackman RM, Ensunsa JL, Holt RR, Keen CL: Antioxidant activities of oolong tea. J Agric Food Chem. 2002, 50: 6929-6934. 10.1021/jf0206163.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Kuo YH, Yeh DB, Pan BS: Rapid photometric assay evaluating antioxidative activity in edible plant material. J Agric Food Chem. 1999, 47: 3206-3209. 10.1021/jf981351o.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC, Arurma OI: The deoxyribose method: a simple “test-tube” assay for determination of rate constants for reactions of hydroxyl radicals. Anal Bioch. 1987, 165: 215-219. 10.1016/0003-2697(87)90222-3.CrossRef
22.
Dinis TCP, Madeira VMC, Almeida LM: Action of phenolic derivatives (acetaminophen, salicylate, and 5-aminosalicylate) as inhibitors of membrane lipid peroxidation and as peroxyl radical scavengers. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1994, 315: 161-169. 10.1006/abbi.1994.1485.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ: Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951, 193 (1): 265-275.PubMed
24.
Sofowora A: Screening for bioactive agents. Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine in Africa. 1982, Wiley, New York, 128-161.
25.
Wang L, Yen J-H, Liang H-H, Wu M-J: Antioxidant effects of methanol ectracts form lotus plumule and blossom (Nelumbo nucifera Gertn.). J Food Drug Anal. 2003, 11 (1): 60-66.
26.
Porto CD, Calligaris S, Cellotti E, Nicoli MC: Antiradical properties of commercial cognacs assessed by the DPPH test. J Agric Food Chem. 2000, 48: 4241-4245. 10.1021/jf000167b.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Tandon R, Mukherjee N, V. K, Dixit VK, R. Khanna R, Khanna HD: Lipid peroxidation levels in peptic ulcer and gastric carcinoma. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2006, 50 (1): 83-86.PubMed
28.
Olaleye SA, Adaramoye OA, Erigbali PP, Adeniyi OS: Lead exposure increases oxidative stress in the gastric mucosa of HCL/ethanol-exposed rats. World J Gastroenterol. 2007, 13 (38): 5121-5126.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
29.
Demir S, Yilmaz M, Köseoğlu M, Akalin N, Aslan D, Aydin A: Role of free radicals in peptic ulcer and gastritis. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2003, 14 (1): 39-43.PubMed
30.
Chan FKL, Leung WK: Peptic-ulcer disease. Lancet. 2002, 360 (9337): 933-961. 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11030-0.CrossRefPubMed
31.
Siregar IM, Miladiyah I: Protective effects of Cyclea barbata Miers leaves against aspirin-induced gastric ulcer in mice. Univ Med. 2011, 30 (2): 88-94.
32.
Middleton EJr, Kandaswami C: The impact of plant flovonoids on mammalian biology: implications for immunity, inflammation and cancer. The flavonoids-Advances in Research since 1986. Edited by: Harbourne JB. 1994, Chapman and Hall, Boca Raton, 619-652.
33.
Wallace JL, Devchand PR: Emerging roles for cyclooxygenase-2 in gastrointestinal mucosal defense. Br J Pharmacol. 2005, 145 (3): 275-282. 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706201.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
34.
Ma L, del Soldato P, Wallace JL: Divergent effects of new cyclooxygenase inhibitors on gastric ulcer healing: Shifting the angiogenic balance. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2002, 99 (20): 13243-13247. 10.1073/pnas.202392199.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
35.
Asako H, Kubes P, Wallace J, Gaginella T, Wolf RE, Granger DN: Indomethacin-induced leukocyte adhesion in mesenteric venules: role of lipoxygenase products. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 1992, 262: G903-G908.
36.
Asako H, Kubes P, Wallace J, Wolf RE, Granger DN: Modulation of leukocyte adhesion in rat mesenteric venules by aspirin and salicylate. Gastroenterology. 1992, 103: 146-152.CrossRefPubMed
37.
Winrow VR, Winyard PG, Morris CJ, Blake DR: Free radicals in inflammation: second messengers and mediators of tissue destruction. Brit Med Bull. 1993, 49: 506-522.PubMed
38.
Ni Z, Okeley NM, Smart BP, Gelb MH: Intracellular actions of group IIA secreted phospholipase A2 and group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2 contribute to arachidonic acid release and prostaglandin production in rat gastric mucosal cells and transfected human embryonic kidney cells. J Biol Chem. 2006, 281 (24): 16245-16255. 10.1074/jbc.M513874200.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
39.
Balsinde J, Balboa MA, Insel PA, Dennis EA: Regulation and inhibition of phospholipase A2. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1999, 39: 175-189. 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.39.1.175.CrossRefPubMed
40.
Dadzie-Mensah J: Modulation of eicosanoids biosyntheses in vivo as a mechanism-based evaluation of putative anti-inflammatory plant extracts. 2000, University of Ghana, Department of Biochemistry, MPhil Thesis
41.
Otamiri T, Tagesson C: Role of phospholipase A2 and oxygenated free radicals in mucosal damage after small intestinal ischemia and reperfusion. Am J Surg. 1989, 157: 562-565. 10.1016/0002-9610(89)90699-5.CrossRefPubMed
42.
Boros M, Karacsony G, Kaszaki J, Nagy S: Reperfusion mucosal damage after complete intestinal ischemia in the dog: the effects of antioxidant and phospholipase A2 inhibitor therapy. Surgery. 1993, 113: 184-191.PubMed
Metadata
Title
Antioxidant and gastric cytoprotective prostaglandins properties of Cassia sieberiana roots bark extract as an anti-ulcerogenic agent
Authors
Edmund T Nartey
Mark Ofosuhene
William Kudzi
Caleb M Agbale
Publication date
01-12-2012
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies / Issue 1/2012
Electronic ISSN: 2662-7671
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-12-65

Other articles of this Issue 1/2012

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies 1/2012 Go to the issue

Research article

Screening and identification of dietary oils and unsaturated fatty acids in inhibiting inflammatory prostaglandin E2 signaling in fat stromal cells

Research article

Anti-ulcerogenic activity of the root bark extract of the African laburnum “Cassia sieberiana” and its effect on the anti-oxidant defence system in rats

Research article

Evaluation of gut modulatory and bronchodilator activities of Amaranthus spinosus Linn.

Research article

The protective effects of ginsenoside Rg1 against hypertension target-organ damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Debate

An update on the strategies in multicomponent activity monitoring within the phytopharmaceutical field

Research article

Epigallocathechin gallate, polyphenol present in green tea, inhibits stem-like characteristics and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in nasopharyngeal cancer cell lines