Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Clinical Oral Investigations
Published in: Clinical Oral Investigations 4/2015

01-05-2015 | Original Article

Analysis of the effects of air polishing powders containing sodium bicarbonate and glycine on human teeth

Authors: Julia Bühler, Fredy Schmidli, Roland Weiger, Clemens Walter

Published in: Clinical Oral Investigations | Issue 4/2015

Login to get access

Abstract

Objectives

The aim of this study was an analysis of the root surface roughness caused by air polishing powders containing sodium bicarbonate or glycine.

Methods

The roots of human molars were sectioned into dentin discs and irradiated with three different powders: (A) sodium bicarbonate (dv50 = 62 μm), (B) glycine (dv50 = 49 μm) and (C) glycine (dv50 = 21 μm). Standardized conditions in terms of instrumentation time (5 and 10 s), pressure (1.8 bar), distance (2 and 5 mm) and angulation (45° and 90°) were applied. Surface roughness (DIN EN ISO 4287:1998) of the probes was analysed by means of the surface profile values “Pa” and “Pt” and the surface roughness value “Rz”. The effect of treatment (treated vs. untreated) was studied on each disc. Geometric mean ratios (GMRs) from mixed effects models and confidence intervals (95 % CI) were calculated.

Results

For Pa, the comparison revealed significant differences between powders A and B (GMR 3.57, 95 % CI 2.87–4.43, p < 0.001) and powders A and C (GMR 2.72, 95 % CI 2.20–3.37, p < 0.001) for the overall effects. With respect to Pt, significant differences occurred between powders A and B (GMR 2.49, 95 % CI 2.11–2.94, p < 0.001) and powders A and C (GMR 2.39, 95 % CI 2.03–2.82, p < 0.001). Between powders B and C, there were no significant differences for Pa, Rz and Pt.

Conclusion

Air polishing powders containing glycine caused significantly less alterations on human root surfaces compared to powders containing sodium bicarbonate.

Clinical significance

Powders containing glycine caused a significantly lower increase in root surface roughness compared to those containing sodium bicarbonate. Powders containing sodium bicarbonate may not be indicated for root surface treatment.
Literature
1.
2.
Lang NP, Tonetti MS (2003) Periodontal risk assessment (PRA) for patients in supportive periodontal therapy (SPT). Oral Health Prev Dent 1:7–16PubMed
3.
Axelsson P, Nyström B, Lindhe J (2004) The long-term effect of a plaque control program on tooth mortality, caries and periodontal disease in adults. Results after 30 years of maintenance. J Clin Periodontol 31:749–757CrossRefPubMed
4.
Walter C, Weiger R, Zitzmann NU (2011) Periodontal surgery in furcation-involved maxillary molars revisited—an introduction of guidelines for comprehensive treatment. Clin Oral Invest 15:9–20CrossRef
5.
Meyer-Bäumer A, Pritsch M, Cosgarea R, El Sayed N, Kim TS, Eickholz P, Pretzl B (2012) Prognostic value of the periodontal risk assessment in patients with aggressive periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 39:651–658CrossRefPubMed
6.
7.
Copulos TA, Low SB, Walker CB, Trebilcock YY, Hefti AF (1993) Comparative analysis between a modified ultrasonic tip and hand instruments on clinical parameters of periodontal disease. J Periodontol 64:694–700CrossRefPubMed
8.
Schwarz F, Jepsen S, Herten M, Aoki A, Sculean A, Becker J (2007) Immunohistochemical characterization of periodontal wound healing following nonsurgical treatment with fluorescence controlled Er:YAG laser radiation in dogs. Lasers Surg Med 39:428–440CrossRefPubMed
9.
Claffey N, Egelberg J (1995) Clinical indicators of probing attachment loss following initial periodontal treatment in advanced periodontitis patients. J Clin Periodontol 22:690–696CrossRefPubMed
10.
von Troil B, Needleman I, Sanz M (2002) A systematic review of the prevalence of root sensitivity following periodontal therapy. J Clin Periodontol 29(Suppl 3):173–177, discussion 195–176CrossRef
11.
Draenert ME, Jakob M, Kunzelmann KH, Hickel R (2013) The prevalence of tooth hypersensitivity following periodontal therapy with special reference to root scaling. A systematic review of the literature. Am J Dent 26:21–27PubMed
12.
Ritz L, Hefti AF, Rateitschak KH (1991) An in vitro investigation on the loss of root substance in scaling with various instruments. J Clin Periodontol 18:643–647CrossRefPubMed
13.
Cadosch J, Zimmermann U, Ruppert M, Guindy J, Case D, Zappa U (2003) Root surface debridement and endotoxin removal. J Periodontal Res 38:229–236CrossRefPubMed
14.
Petersilka GJ, Bell M, Mehl A, Hickel R, Flemmig TF (2003) Root defects following air polishing. J Clin Periodontol 30:165–170CrossRefPubMed
15.
Pelka M, Trautmann S, Petschelt A, Lohbauer U (2010) Influence of air-polishing devices and abrasives on root dentin—an in vitro confocal laser scanning microscope study. Quintessence Int 41:e141–e148PubMed
16.
Slot DE, Koster TJ, Paraskevas S, Van der Weijden GA (2008) The effect of the vector scaler system on human teeth: a systematic review. Int J Dent Hyg 6:154–165CrossRefPubMed
17.
Ratka-Krüger P, Mahl D, Deimling D, Monting JS, Jachmann I, Al-Machot E, Sculean A, Berakdar M, Jervøe-Storm PM, Braun A (2012) Er:YAG laser treatment in supportive periodontal therapy. J Clin Periodontol 39:483–489CrossRefPubMed
18.
Sculean A, Bastendorf KD, Becker C, Bush B, Einwag J, Lanoway C, Platzer U, Schmage P, Schoeneich B, Walter C, Wennström JL, Flemmig TF (2013) A paradigm shift in mechanical biofilm management? Subgingival air polishing: a new way to improve mechanical biofilm management in the dental practice. Quintessence Int 44:475–477PubMed
19.
Petersilka GJ, Steinmann D, Häberlein I, Heinecke A, Flemmig TF (2003) Subgingival plaque removal in buccal and lingual sites using a novel low abrasive air-polishing powder. J Clin Periodontol 30:328–333CrossRefPubMed
20.
Tada K, Kakuta K, Ogura H, Sato S (2010) Effect of particle diameter on air polishing of dentin surfaces. Odontology 98:31–36CrossRefPubMed
21.
Tada K, Wiroj S, Inatomi M, Sato S (2012) The characterization of dentin defects produced by air polishing. Odontology 100:41–46CrossRefPubMed
22.
Petersilka GJ, Bell M, Haeberlein I, Mehl A, Hickel R, Flemmig TF (2003) In vitro evaluation of novel low abrasive air polishing powders. J Clin Periodontol 30:9–13CrossRefPubMed
23.
Moëne R, Decaillet F, Andersen E, Mombelli A (2010) Subgingival plaque removal using a new air-polishing device. J Periodontol 81:79–88CrossRefPubMed
24.
Wennström JL, Dahlen G, Ramberg P (2011) Subgingival debridement of periodontal pockets by air polishing in comparison with ultrasonic instrumentation during maintenance therapy. J Clin Periodontol 38:820–827CrossRefPubMed
25.
Flemmig TF, Hetzel M, Topoll H, Gerss J, Haeberlein I, Petersilka G (2007) Subgingival debridement efficacy of glycine powder air polishing. J Periodontol 78:1002–1010CrossRefPubMed
26.
Schlageter L, Rateitschak-Plüss EM, Schwarz JP (1996) Root surface smoothness or roughness following open debridement. An in vivo study. J Clin Periodontol 23:460–464CrossRefPubMed
27.
Volk R (2013) Rauheitsmessung: Theorie und praxis. Beuth Verlag GmbH, Berlin
28.
Petersilka GJ, Schenck U, Flemmig TF (2002) Powder emission rates of four air polishing devices. J Clin Periodontol 29:694–698CrossRefPubMed
29.
Yandell BS (1997) Practical data analysis for designed experiments. Taylor & Francis Group LLC, Boca RatonCrossRef
30.
31.
Chun K, Choi H, Lee J (2014) Comparison of mechanical property and role between enamel and dentin in the human teeth. J Dent Biomech 5:1758736014520809PubMedCentralPubMed
32.
Petersilka G, Faggion CM Jr, Stratmann U, Gerss J, Ehmke B, Häberlein I, Flemmig TF (2008) Effect of glycine powder air-polishing on the gingiva. J Clin Periodontol 35:324–332CrossRefPubMed
33.
Van der Weijden GA, Timmerman MF (2002) A systematic review on the clinical efficacy of subgingival debridement in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 29(Suppl 3):55–71CrossRefPubMed
34.
Listgarten MA, Ellegaard B (1973) Electron microscopic evidence of a cellular attachment between junctional epithelium and dental calculus. J Periodontal Res 8:143–150CrossRefPubMed
35.
Walter C, Buset S, Thillainathan L, Weiger R, Zitzmann NU (2013) Evaluation of periodontal therapy in undergraduate courses of the University of Basel. Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnmed 123:861–869PubMed
36.
Schaffer EM (1956) Histological results of root curettage of human teeth. J Periodontol 27:296–300CrossRef
37.
Badersten A, Nilveus R, Egelberg J (1981) Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy. I. Moderately advanced periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 8:57–72CrossRefPubMed
38.
Kocher T, Rosin M, Langenbeck N, Bernhardt O (2001) Subgingival polishing with a Teflon-coated sonic scaler insert in comparison to conventional instruments as assessed on extracted teeth (II). Subgingival roughness. J Clin Periodontol 28:723–729CrossRefPubMed
39.
Vastardis S, Yukna RA, Rice DA, Mercante D (2005) Root surface removal and resultant surface texture with diamond-coated ultrasonic inserts: an in vitro and SEM study. J Clin Periodontol 32:467–473CrossRefPubMed
40.
Walmsley AD, Lea SC, Landini G, Moses AJ (2008) Advances in power driven pocket/root instrumentation. J Clin Periodontol 35:22–28CrossRefPubMed
41.
Wolf HF, Rateitschak KH, Rateitschak EM (2012) Farbatlanten der Zahnmedizin 1. Parodontologie, Stuttgart, p 544
42.
Yassen GH, Platt JA, Hara AT (2011) Bovine teeth as substitute for human teeth in dental research: a review of literature. J Oral Sci 53:273–282CrossRefPubMed
43.
Bester SP, de Wet FA, Nel JC, Driessen CH (1995) The effect of airborne particle abrasion on the dentin smear layer and dentin: an in vitro investigation. Int J Prosthodont 8:46–50PubMed
44.
Goodis HE, Marshall GW, White JM (1991) The effects of storage after extraction of the teeth on human dentine permeability in vitro. Arch Oral Biol 36:561–566CrossRefPubMed
45.
Strawn SE, White JM, Marshall GW, Gee L, Goodis HE, Marshall SJ (1996) Spectroscopic changes in human dentine exposed to various storage solutions—short term. J Dent 24:417–423CrossRefPubMed
46.
Francescut P, Zimmerli B, Lussi A (2006) Influence of different storage methods on laser fluorescence values: a two-year study. Caries Res 40:181–185CrossRefPubMed
47.
Bühler J, Schmidli F, Weiger R, Walter C (2012) In vitro analysis of the effects of novel air polishing devices on human teeth—preliminary results. J Clin Periodontol 39(Suppl 13):75
48.
Sahrmann P, Ronay V, Schmidlin PR, Attin T, Paqué F (2014) 3-D defect evaluation of air polishing on extracted human roots. J Periodontol 85:1107–1114
Metadata
Title
Analysis of the effects of air polishing powders containing sodium bicarbonate and glycine on human teeth
Authors
Julia Bühler
Fredy Schmidli
Roland Weiger
Clemens Walter
Publication date
01-05-2015
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Clinical Oral Investigations / Issue 4/2015
Print ISSN: 1432-6981
Electronic ISSN: 1436-3771
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-014-1317-z

Other articles of this Issue 4/2015

Clinical Oral Investigations 4/2015 Go to the issue

Original Article

Implant angulation: 2-year retrospective analysis on the influence of dental implant angle insertion on marginal bone resorption in maxillary and mandibular osseous onlay grafts

Original Article

3D mapping of the irrigated areas of the root canal space using micro-computed tomography

Original Article

Age-dependent changes in Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella species/phylotypes in healthy gingiva and inflamed/diseased sub-gingival sites

Original Article

Evaluation of the fungiform papillae number in Behçet’s disease

Original Article

Evaluation of the salivary levels of visfatin, chemerin, and progranulin in periodontal inflammation

Original Article

Exposure of patient and dental staff to fine and ultrafine particles from scanning spray