Top

Published in:

01-04-2011 | Gastrointestinal

Anal carcinomas: the role of endoanal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in staging, response evaluation and follow-up

Authors: Jyoti Parikh, Aidan Shaw, Lee A. Grant, Alexis M. P. Schizas, Vivek Datta, Andrew B. Williams, Nyree Griffin

Published in: European Radiology | Issue 4/2011

Abstract

Anal carcinoma is an important but rare condition, managed in specialist centres. Both endoanal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used in the locoregional staging and follow-up of patients with anal cancer, and both may assist in treatment planning and prognosis. Recent guidelines published by the European Society for Medical Oncology have recommended MRI as the technique of choice for assessment of locoregional disease. This paper describes the techniques for both endoanal ultrasound and MRI, and compares the relative merits and disadvantages of each in the local assessment of anal carcinoma.

Deans GT, McAleer JJ, Spence RA (1994) Malignant anal tumours. Br J Surg 81:500–508PubMedCrossRef

Ries LAG, Harkins D, Krapcho M et al (eds) (2005) SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975–2003. Available via National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD. http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2003/, Accessed 8 Aug 2010

Greenlee RT, Murray T, Bolden S et al (2000) Cancer statistics, 2000. CA Cancer J Clin 50:7–33PubMedCrossRef

Daling JR, Madeleine MM, Johnson LG et al (2004) Human papillomavirus, smoking, and sexual practices in the etiology of anal cancer. Cancer 101:270–280PubMedCrossRef

Goldman S, Auer G, Erhardt K, Seligson U (1987) Prognostic significance of clinical stage, histologic grade, and nuclear DNA content in squamous-cell carcinoma of the anus. Dis Colon Rectum 30:444–8PubMedCrossRef

Klas J, Rothenberger D, Wong W, Madoff R (1999) Malignant tumours of the anal canal: the spectrum of disease, treatment, and outcomes. Cancer 85:1686–1693PubMedCrossRef

Allal A, Kurtz JM, Pipard G, Marti MC, Miralbell R, Popowski Y et al (1993) Chemoradiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone for anal cancer: a retrospective comparison. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 27:59–66PubMedCrossRef

Doggett SW, Green JP, Cantril ST (1988) Efficacy of radiation therapy alone for limited squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 15:1069–1072PubMedCrossRef

Martenson JAJ, Gunderson LL (1993) External radiation therapy without chemotherapy in the management of anal cancer. Cancer 71:1736–1740PubMedCrossRef

10.

Allal AS, Mermillod B, Roth AD, Marti MC, Kurtz JM (1997) The impact of treatment factors on local control in T2–T3 anal carcinomas treated by radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. Cancer 79:2329–2335PubMedCrossRef

11.

Boman BM, Moertell CG, O’Connell MJ et al (1984) Carcinoma of the anal canal: a clinical and pathological study of 188 cases. Cancer 54:114–125PubMedCrossRef

12.

Tarantino D, Bernstein MA (2002) Endoanal ultrasound in the staging and management of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal: potential implication of a new ultrasound staging system. Dis Colon Rectum 45:16–22PubMedCrossRef

13.

Giovannini M, Bardou VJ, Barclay R et al (2001) Anal carcinoma: prognostic value of endorectal ultrasound (ERUS) Results of a prospective multicentre study. Endoscopy 33:231–236PubMedCrossRef

14.

Roach SC, Hulse PA, Moulding FJ, Wilson R, Carrington BM (2005) Magnetic resonance imaging of anal cancer. Clin Radiol 60:1111–1119PubMedCrossRef

15.

Koh DM, Dzik-Jurasz A, O’Neill B, Tait D, Husband JE, Brown G (2008) Pelvic phased-array MR imaging of anal carcinoma before and after chemoradiation. Br J Radiol 81:91–98PubMedCrossRef

16.

Otto SD, Lee L, Buhr HJ, Frericks B, Hocht S, Kroesen AJ (2009) Staging anal cancer: prospective comparison of transanal endoscopic ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. J Gastrointest Surg 13:1292–1298PubMedCrossRef

17.

Glynne-Jones R, Northover J, Olivera J (2009) Anal cancer: ESMO clinical recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 20:iv57–iv60CrossRef

18.

Williams AB, Bartram CI, Halligan S, Marshall MM, Nicholls RJ, Kmiot WA (2002) Endosonographic anatomy of the normal anal canal compared with endocoil magnetic resonance imaging. Dis Colon Rectum 45:176–183PubMedCrossRef

19.

Uronis HE, Bendell JC (2007) Anal cancer: an overview. Oncologist 12:524–534PubMedCrossRef

20.

Williams A, Bartram C, Halligan S (2000) Endoanal ultrasound (Normal and abnormal) Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2: 101–109

21.

Magdeburg B, Fried M, Meyenberger C (1999) Endoscopic ultrasonography in the diagnosis, staging, and follow-up of anal carcinomas. Endoscopy 31:359–364PubMedCrossRef

22.

Brown G, Richards CJ, Bourne MW, Newcombe RG, Radcliffe AG et al (2003) Morphologic predictors of lymph node status in rectal cancer with use of high-spatial-resolution MR imaging with histopathologic comparison. Gastrointestinal Imaging 227:371–377

23.

Drudi FM, Giovagnorio F, Raffetto N, Ricci P, Cascone F, Santarelli M, Trippa F, Passariello R (2003) Transrectal ultrasound color Doppler in the evaluation of recurrence of anal canal cancer. Eur J Radiol 47:142–148PubMedCrossRef

Title: Anal carcinomas: the role of endoanal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in staging, response evaluation and follow-up
Authors: Jyoti Parikh
Aidan Shaw
Lee A. Grant
Alexis M. P. Schizas
Vivek Datta
Andrew B. Williams
Nyree Griffin
Publication date: 01-04-2011
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Published in: European Radiology / Issue 4/2011
Print ISSN: 0938-7994
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1084
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-010-1980-7

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Anal carcinomas: the role of endoanal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in staging, response evaluation and follow-up

Abstract

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 4/2011

Signal characteristics of focal bone marrow lesions in patients with multiple myeloma using whole body T1w-TSE, T2w-STIR and diffusion-weighted imaging with background suppression

The diagnostic accuracy of acetabular labral tears using magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance arthrography: a meta-analysis

CT predictors of mortality in pathology confirmed ARDS

Modified Chrispin-Norman chest radiography score for cystic fibrosis: observer agreement and correlation with lung function

Distribution of cerebral blood flow in the caudate nucleus, lentiform nucleus and thalamus in patients with carotid artery stenosis

Functional cardiac MR imaging with true fast imaging with steady-state free precession before and after intravenous injection of contrast medium: comparison of image quality and accuracy