Skip to main content
Top
Published in: BMC Psychiatry 1/2013

Open Access 01-12-2013 | Study protocol

An investigator-blinded, randomized study to compare the efficacy of combined CBT for alcohol use disorders and social anxiety disorder versus CBT focused on alcohol alone in adults with comorbid disorders: the Combined Alcohol Social Phobia (CASP) trial protocol

Authors: Andrew J Baillie, Claudia Sannibale, Lexine A Stapinski, Maree Teesson, Ronald M Rapee, Paul S Haber

Published in: BMC Psychiatry | Issue 1/2013

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Alcohol use disorders and social anxiety disorder are common and disabling conditions that frequently co-exist. Although there are efficacious treatments for each disorder, only two randomized controlled trials of interventions for these combined problems have been published. We developed a new integrated treatment for comorbid Social Anxiety Disorder and Alcohol Use Disorder based on established Motivational Interviewing (MI) and Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) interventions for the separate disorders. Compared to established MI/CBT for alcohol use disorders this new intervention is hypothesised to lead to greater reductions in symptoms of social anxiety and alcohol use disorder and to produce greater improvements in quality of life. Higher levels of alcohol dependence will result in relatively poorer outcomes for the new integrated treatment.

Methods/design

A randomised controlled trial comparing 9 sessions of individual integrated treatment for alcohol and social phobia with 9 sessions of treatment for alcohol use problems alone is proposed. Randomisation will be stratified for stable antidepressant use. Post treatment clinical assessments of alcohol consumption and diagnostic status at 3 and 6 month follow-up will be blind to allocation.

Discussion

The proposed trial addresses a serious gap in treatment evidence and could potentially define the appropriate treatment for a large proportion of adults affected by these problems.

Trial registration

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12608000228​381.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Merikangas KR, Stevens DE, Fenton B, Stolar M, O’Malley S, Woods SW, Risch N: Co-morbidity and familial aggregation of alcoholism and anxiety disorders. Psychol Med. 1998, 28: 773-778.CrossRefPubMed Merikangas KR, Stevens DE, Fenton B, Stolar M, O’Malley S, Woods SW, Risch N: Co-morbidity and familial aggregation of alcoholism and anxiety disorders. Psychol Med. 1998, 28: 773-778.CrossRefPubMed
2.
go back to reference Morris EP, Stewart SH, Ham LS: The relationship between social anxiety disorder and alcohol use disorders: a critical review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2005, 25: 734-760.CrossRefPubMed Morris EP, Stewart SH, Ham LS: The relationship between social anxiety disorder and alcohol use disorders: a critical review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2005, 25: 734-760.CrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference Kushner MG, Abrams K, Borchardt C: The relationship between anxiety disorders and alcohol use disorders: a review of major perspectives and findings. Clin Psychol Rev. 2000, 20: 149-171.CrossRefPubMed Kushner MG, Abrams K, Borchardt C: The relationship between anxiety disorders and alcohol use disorders: a review of major perspectives and findings. Clin Psychol Rev. 2000, 20: 149-171.CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Randall CL, Thomas S, Thevos AK: Concurrent alcoholism and social anxiety disorder: a first step toward developing effective treatments. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2001, 25: 210-220.CrossRefPubMed Randall CL, Thomas S, Thevos AK: Concurrent alcoholism and social anxiety disorder: a first step toward developing effective treatments. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2001, 25: 210-220.CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Schadé A, Marquenie LA, van Balkom AJ, Koeter MW, de Beurs E, van den Brink W, van Dyck R: The effectiveness of anxiety treatment on alcohol-dependent patients with a comorbid phobic disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2005, 29: 794-800.CrossRefPubMed Schadé A, Marquenie LA, van Balkom AJ, Koeter MW, de Beurs E, van den Brink W, van Dyck R: The effectiveness of anxiety treatment on alcohol-dependent patients with a comorbid phobic disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2005, 29: 794-800.CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Burns L, Teesson M: The epidemiology of comorbid alcohol, anxiety and depressive disorders. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2002, 68: 299-307.CrossRefPubMed Burns L, Teesson M: The epidemiology of comorbid alcohol, anxiety and depressive disorders. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2002, 68: 299-307.CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Teesson M, Hall W, Lynskey M, Degenhardt L: Alcohol- and drug-use disorders in Australia: implications of the National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2000, 34: 206-213.CrossRefPubMed Teesson M, Hall W, Lynskey M, Degenhardt L: Alcohol- and drug-use disorders in Australia: implications of the National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2000, 34: 206-213.CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Teesson M, Proudfoot H: Responding to comorbid mental disorders and substance use disorders. Comorbid mental disorders and substance use disorders: epidemiology, prevention and treatment. Edited by: Teesson M, Proudfoot H. 2003, Canberra, Australia: Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing, 1-8. Teesson M, Proudfoot H: Responding to comorbid mental disorders and substance use disorders. Comorbid mental disorders and substance use disorders: epidemiology, prevention and treatment. Edited by: Teesson M, Proudfoot H. 2003, Canberra, Australia: Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing, 1-8.
9.
go back to reference Kessler RC, Crum RM, Warner LA, Nelson CB, Schulenberg J, Anthony JC: Lifetime Co-occurrence of DSM-III-R Alcohol Abuse and Dependence With Other Psychiatric Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1997, 54: 313-321.CrossRefPubMed Kessler RC, Crum RM, Warner LA, Nelson CB, Schulenberg J, Anthony JC: Lifetime Co-occurrence of DSM-III-R Alcohol Abuse and Dependence With Other Psychiatric Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1997, 54: 313-321.CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Regier DA, Farmer ME, Donald SR, Locke BZ, Keith SJ, Judd LL, Goodwin FK: Comorbidity of mental disorders with alcohol and other drug abuse. JAMA. 1990, 264: 2511-2518.CrossRefPubMed Regier DA, Farmer ME, Donald SR, Locke BZ, Keith SJ, Judd LL, Goodwin FK: Comorbidity of mental disorders with alcohol and other drug abuse. JAMA. 1990, 264: 2511-2518.CrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference Ross HE: DSM-III-R alcohol abuse and dependence and psychiatric comorbidity in Ontario: Results from the Mental Health Supplement to the Ontario Health Survey. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1995, 39: 111-128.CrossRefPubMed Ross HE: DSM-III-R alcohol abuse and dependence and psychiatric comorbidity in Ontario: Results from the Mental Health Supplement to the Ontario Health Survey. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1995, 39: 111-128.CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Kessler RC, Nelson CB, McGonagle KA, Edlund MJ, Frank RG, Leaf PJ: The epidemiology of co-occurring addictive and mental disorders: implications for prevention and service utilisation. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 1996, 66: 17-31.CrossRefPubMed Kessler RC, Nelson CB, McGonagle KA, Edlund MJ, Frank RG, Leaf PJ: The epidemiology of co-occurring addictive and mental disorders: implications for prevention and service utilisation. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 1996, 66: 17-31.CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Degenhardt L: National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre. 2000 Degenhardt L: National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre. 2000
14.
go back to reference Schneider U, Altmann A, Baumann M, Bernzen J, Bertz B, Bimber U, Broese T, Broocks A, Burtscheidt W, Cimander KF, et al: Comorbid anxiety and affective disorder in alcohol-dependent patients seeking treatment: the first Multicentre Study in Germany. Alcohol Alcohol. 2001, 36: 219-223.CrossRefPubMed Schneider U, Altmann A, Baumann M, Bernzen J, Bertz B, Bimber U, Broese T, Broocks A, Burtscheidt W, Cimander KF, et al: Comorbid anxiety and affective disorder in alcohol-dependent patients seeking treatment: the first Multicentre Study in Germany. Alcohol Alcohol. 2001, 36: 219-223.CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Barlow DH: Anxiety disorders, comorbid substance abuse, and benzodiazepine discontinuation: implications for treatment. Treatment of Drug-Dependent Individuals With Comorbid Mental Disorders, Volume 172. Edited by: Onken LS, Blaine JD, Genser S, Horton AM, JR Rockville MD. 1997, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 33-50. NIDA Research Monograph] Barlow DH: Anxiety disorders, comorbid substance abuse, and benzodiazepine discontinuation: implications for treatment. Treatment of Drug-Dependent Individuals With Comorbid Mental Disorders, Volume 172. Edited by: Onken LS, Blaine JD, Genser S, Horton AM, JR Rockville MD. 1997, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 33-50. NIDA Research Monograph]
16.
go back to reference Farrell M, Howes S, Taylor C, Lewis G, Jenkins R, Bebbington P, Jarvis M, Brugha T, Gill B, Meltzer H: Substance misuse and psychiatric comorbidity: an overview of the OPCS national psychiatric morbidity survey. Addict Behav. 1998, 23: 909-918.CrossRefPubMed Farrell M, Howes S, Taylor C, Lewis G, Jenkins R, Bebbington P, Jarvis M, Brugha T, Gill B, Meltzer H: Substance misuse and psychiatric comorbidity: an overview of the OPCS national psychiatric morbidity survey. Addict Behav. 1998, 23: 909-918.CrossRefPubMed
17.
go back to reference Project MATCH Research Group: Matching Alcoholism treatments to client heterogeneity: project MATCH posttreatment drinking outcomes. J Stud Alcohol. 1997, 58: 7-29.CrossRef Project MATCH Research Group: Matching Alcoholism treatments to client heterogeneity: project MATCH posttreatment drinking outcomes. J Stud Alcohol. 1997, 58: 7-29.CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Bakken K, Landheim A, Vaglum P: Substance-dependent patients with and without social anxiety disorder: Occurrence and clinical differences: a study of a consecutive sample of alcohol-dependent and poly-substance-dependent patients treated in two counties in Norway. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2005, 80: 321-328.CrossRefPubMed Bakken K, Landheim A, Vaglum P: Substance-dependent patients with and without social anxiety disorder: Occurrence and clinical differences: a study of a consecutive sample of alcohol-dependent and poly-substance-dependent patients treated in two counties in Norway. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2005, 80: 321-328.CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Bakken K, Landheim AS, Vaglum P: Primary and secondary substance misusers: do they differ in substance-induced and substance-independent mental disorders?. Alcohol Alcohol. 2003, 38: 54-59.CrossRefPubMed Bakken K, Landheim AS, Vaglum P: Primary and secondary substance misusers: do they differ in substance-induced and substance-independent mental disorders?. Alcohol Alcohol. 2003, 38: 54-59.CrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Cox BJ, Norton GR, Swinson RP, Endler NS: Substance abuse and panic-related anxiety: a critical review. Behav Res Ther. 1990, 28: 385-393.CrossRefPubMed Cox BJ, Norton GR, Swinson RP, Endler NS: Substance abuse and panic-related anxiety: a critical review. Behav Res Ther. 1990, 28: 385-393.CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Schuckit MA, Tipp JE, Bucholz KK, Nurnberger JI, Hesselbrock VM, Crowe RR, Kramer J: The life-time rates of three major mood disorders and four major anxiety disorders in alcoholics and controls. Addict. 1997, 92: 1289-1304.CrossRef Schuckit MA, Tipp JE, Bucholz KK, Nurnberger JI, Hesselbrock VM, Crowe RR, Kramer J: The life-time rates of three major mood disorders and four major anxiety disorders in alcoholics and controls. Addict. 1997, 92: 1289-1304.CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Schuckit MA, Hesselbrock V: Alcohol dependence and anxiety disorders: what is the relationship?. Am J Psychiatry. 1994, 151: 1723-1734.CrossRefPubMed Schuckit MA, Hesselbrock V: Alcohol dependence and anxiety disorders: what is the relationship?. Am J Psychiatry. 1994, 151: 1723-1734.CrossRefPubMed
23.
24.
go back to reference Greeley J, Oei T: Psychological theories of drinking and alcoholism. Edited by: Leonard KE, Blane HT. 1999, New York, NY: Guilford Press, 14-53. Alcohol and tension reduction, 2, The Guilford substance abuse series, Greeley J, Oei T: Psychological theories of drinking and alcoholism. Edited by: Leonard KE, Blane HT. 1999, New York, NY: Guilford Press, 14-53. Alcohol and tension reduction, 2, The Guilford substance abuse series,
25.
go back to reference Khantizian EJ: The self-medication hypothesis of addictive disorders: focus on heroin and cocaine dependence. Am J Psychiatry. 1985, 142: 1259-1264.CrossRef Khantizian EJ: The self-medication hypothesis of addictive disorders: focus on heroin and cocaine dependence. Am J Psychiatry. 1985, 142: 1259-1264.CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Carrigan MH, Randall CL: Self-medication in social phobia: a review of the alcohol literature. Addict Behav. 2003, 28: 269-284.CrossRefPubMed Carrigan MH, Randall CL: Self-medication in social phobia: a review of the alcohol literature. Addict Behav. 2003, 28: 269-284.CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Sannibale C: The differential effects of a set of brief interventions on the functioning of a group of “early stage” problem drinkers. Aust Drug Alcohol Rev. 1989, 7: 147-157.CrossRef Sannibale C: The differential effects of a set of brief interventions on the functioning of a group of “early stage” problem drinkers. Aust Drug Alcohol Rev. 1989, 7: 147-157.CrossRef
28.
go back to reference Sannibale C: A prospective study of treatment outcome with a group of male problem drinkers. J Stud Alcohol. 1989, 50: 236-245.CrossRefPubMed Sannibale C: A prospective study of treatment outcome with a group of male problem drinkers. J Stud Alcohol. 1989, 50: 236-245.CrossRefPubMed
29.
go back to reference Shand FL, Gates J, Fawcess J, Mattick RP: The treatment of alcohol problems: A review of the evidence. 2003, Canberra: Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing Shand FL, Gates J, Fawcess J, Mattick RP: The treatment of alcohol problems: A review of the evidence. 2003, Canberra: Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing
30.
go back to reference Sobell MB, Sobell LC: Stepped care as a heuristic approach to the treatment of alcohol problems. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2000, 68: 573-579.CrossRefPubMed Sobell MB, Sobell LC: Stepped care as a heuristic approach to the treatment of alcohol problems. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2000, 68: 573-579.CrossRefPubMed
31.
go back to reference Driessen M, Meier S, Hill A, Wetterling T, Lange W, Junghanns K: The course of anxiety, depression and drinking behaviours after completed detoxification in alcoholics with and without comorbid anxiety and depressive disorders. Alcohol Alcohol. 2001, 36: 249-255.CrossRefPubMed Driessen M, Meier S, Hill A, Wetterling T, Lange W, Junghanns K: The course of anxiety, depression and drinking behaviours after completed detoxification in alcoholics with and without comorbid anxiety and depressive disorders. Alcohol Alcohol. 2001, 36: 249-255.CrossRefPubMed
32.
go back to reference Marquenie LA, Schade A, Van Balkom AJ, Koeter MW, Frenken S, Van Den Brink W, Van Dyck R: Comorbid phobic disorders do not influence outcome of alcohol Dependence treatment. Results of a naturalistic follow-up study. Alcohol Alcohol. 2006, 41: 168-173.CrossRefPubMed Marquenie LA, Schade A, Van Balkom AJ, Koeter MW, Frenken S, Van Den Brink W, Van Dyck R: Comorbid phobic disorders do not influence outcome of alcohol Dependence treatment. Results of a naturalistic follow-up study. Alcohol Alcohol. 2006, 41: 168-173.CrossRefPubMed
33.
go back to reference Terra MB, Barros HMT, Stein AT, Figueira I, Athayde LD, Spanemberg L, De Aguiar Possa M, Filho LD, Da Silveira DX: Does co-occurring social phobia interfere with alcoholism treatment adherence and relapse?. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2006, 31: 403-409.CrossRefPubMed Terra MB, Barros HMT, Stein AT, Figueira I, Athayde LD, Spanemberg L, De Aguiar Possa M, Filho LD, Da Silveira DX: Does co-occurring social phobia interfere with alcoholism treatment adherence and relapse?. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2006, 31: 403-409.CrossRefPubMed
34.
go back to reference Tómasson K, Vaglum P: A nationwide representative sample of treatment-seeking alcoholics: a study of psychiatric comorbidity. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1995, 92: 378-385.CrossRefPubMed Tómasson K, Vaglum P: A nationwide representative sample of treatment-seeking alcoholics: a study of psychiatric comorbidity. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1995, 92: 378-385.CrossRefPubMed
35.
go back to reference Tómasson K, Vaglum P: Psychopathology and alcohol consumption among treatment-seeking alcoholics: a prospective study. Addict. 1996, 91: 1019-1030.CrossRef Tómasson K, Vaglum P: Psychopathology and alcohol consumption among treatment-seeking alcoholics: a prospective study. Addict. 1996, 91: 1019-1030.CrossRef
36.
go back to reference Tómasson K, Vaglum P: The 2-year course following detoxification treatment of substance abuse: the possible influence of psychiatric comorbidity. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1997, 247: 320-327.CrossRefPubMed Tómasson K, Vaglum P: The 2-year course following detoxification treatment of substance abuse: the possible influence of psychiatric comorbidity. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1997, 247: 320-327.CrossRefPubMed
37.
go back to reference Tómasson K, Vaglum P: The role of psychiatric comorbidity in the prediction of readmission for detoxification. Compr Psychiatry. 1998, 39: 129-136.CrossRefPubMed Tómasson K, Vaglum P: The role of psychiatric comorbidity in the prediction of readmission for detoxification. Compr Psychiatry. 1998, 39: 129-136.CrossRefPubMed
38.
go back to reference Heimberg R, Dodge C, Hope D, Kennedy C, Zollo L, Becker R: Cognitive behavioral group treatment for social phobia: comparison with a credible placebo control. Cogn Ther Res. 1990, 14: 1-23.CrossRef Heimberg R, Dodge C, Hope D, Kennedy C, Zollo L, Becker R: Cognitive behavioral group treatment for social phobia: comparison with a credible placebo control. Cogn Ther Res. 1990, 14: 1-23.CrossRef
39.
go back to reference Clark DM, Ehlers A, Hackmann A, McManus F, Fennell M, Grey N, Waddington L, Wild J: Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2006, 74: 568-578.CrossRefPubMed Clark DM, Ehlers A, Hackmann A, McManus F, Fennell M, Grey N, Waddington L, Wild J: Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2006, 74: 568-578.CrossRefPubMed
40.
go back to reference Rapee RM, Gaston JE, Abbott MJ: Testing the efficacy of theoretically derived improvements in the treatment of social phobia. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2009, 77: 317-327.CrossRefPubMed Rapee RM, Gaston JE, Abbott MJ: Testing the efficacy of theoretically derived improvements in the treatment of social phobia. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2009, 77: 317-327.CrossRefPubMed
41.
go back to reference Mattick RP, Peters L: Treatment of severe social phobia: effects of guided exposure with and without cognitive restructuring. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988, 56: 251-260.CrossRefPubMed Mattick RP, Peters L: Treatment of severe social phobia: effects of guided exposure with and without cognitive restructuring. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988, 56: 251-260.CrossRefPubMed
42.
go back to reference Mattick RP, Peters L, Clark JC: Exposure and ocgnitive restructuring for social phobia. Behav Ther. 1989, 20: 3-23.CrossRef Mattick RP, Peters L, Clark JC: Exposure and ocgnitive restructuring for social phobia. Behav Ther. 1989, 20: 3-23.CrossRef
43.
go back to reference Turk CL, Heimberg RG, Hope DA: Social anxiety disorder. Clinical handbook of psychological disorders: A step-by-step treatment manual. 2001, New York, NY US: Guilford Press, 114-153. 3 Turk CL, Heimberg RG, Hope DA: Social anxiety disorder. Clinical handbook of psychological disorders: A step-by-step treatment manual. 2001, New York, NY US: Guilford Press, 114-153. 3
44.
go back to reference McEvoy PM, Shand F: The effect of comorbid substance use disorders on treatment outcome for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord. 2008, 22: 1087-1098.CrossRefPubMed McEvoy PM, Shand F: The effect of comorbid substance use disorders on treatment outcome for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord. 2008, 22: 1087-1098.CrossRefPubMed
45.
go back to reference Baillie A, Rapee R: Panic and Agoraphobia. Diagnosis, Conceptualisation, and Treatment Planning for Adults: A Textbook. Edited by: Hersen M, Porzelius LK. 2001, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 113-132. Baillie A, Rapee R: Panic and Agoraphobia. Diagnosis, Conceptualisation, and Treatment Planning for Adults: A Textbook. Edited by: Hersen M, Porzelius LK. 2001, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 113-132.
46.
go back to reference Baillie A, Rapee RM: Predicting who benefits from psychoeducation and self help for panic attacks. Behav Res Ther. 2004, 42: 513-527.CrossRefPubMed Baillie A, Rapee RM: Predicting who benefits from psychoeducation and self help for panic attacks. Behav Res Ther. 2004, 42: 513-527.CrossRefPubMed
47.
go back to reference Rapee RM, Sanderson WC: Social Phobia: Clinical application of evidence-based psychotherapy. 1998, North Bergen, NJ: Jason Aronson Inc Rapee RM, Sanderson WC: Social Phobia: Clinical application of evidence-based psychotherapy. 1998, North Bergen, NJ: Jason Aronson Inc
48.
go back to reference Rapee RM: Overcoming Shyness and Social Phobia: A Step-by-Step Guide. 2001, Sydney: Lifestyle Press, 2 Rapee RM: Overcoming Shyness and Social Phobia: A Step-by-Step Guide. 2001, Sydney: Lifestyle Press, 2
49.
go back to reference Rapee RM: Descriptive psychopathology of social phobia. Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment. 1995, New York, NY US: Guilford Press, 41-66. Rapee RM: Descriptive psychopathology of social phobia. Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment. 1995, New York, NY US: Guilford Press, 41-66.
50.
go back to reference Rapee RM, Heimberg RG: A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia. Behav Res Ther. 1997, 35: 741-756.CrossRefPubMed Rapee RM, Heimberg RG: A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia. Behav Res Ther. 1997, 35: 741-756.CrossRefPubMed
51.
go back to reference Rapee RM, Abbott MJ, Baillie AJ, Gaston JE: Treatment of social phobia through pure self help and therapist-augmented self help. Br J Psychiatry. 2007, 191: 246-252.CrossRefPubMed Rapee RM, Abbott MJ, Baillie AJ, Gaston JE: Treatment of social phobia through pure self help and therapist-augmented self help. Br J Psychiatry. 2007, 191: 246-252.CrossRefPubMed
52.
go back to reference Jones EE, Berglas S: Control of attributions about the self through self-handicaping strategies: the appeal of alcohol and the role of underachievement. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 1978, 4: 200-206.CrossRef Jones EE, Berglas S: Control of attributions about the self through self-handicaping strategies: the appeal of alcohol and the role of underachievement. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 1978, 4: 200-206.CrossRef
53.
go back to reference Morley KC, Teesson M, Reid S, Thomson C, Sannibale C, Phung N, Weltman M, Bell J, Richardson K, Haber PS: Naltrexone versus acamprosate in the treatment of alcohol dependence: a multi-centre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Addict. 2006, 101: 1451-1462.CrossRef Morley KC, Teesson M, Reid S, Thomson C, Sannibale C, Phung N, Weltman M, Bell J, Richardson K, Haber PS: Naltrexone versus acamprosate in the treatment of alcohol dependence: a multi-centre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Addict. 2006, 101: 1451-1462.CrossRef
54.
go back to reference Anton RF, O’Malley SS, Ciraulo DA, Cisler RA, Couper D, Donovan DM, Gastfriend DR, Hosking JD, Johnson BA, LoCastro JS, et al: Combined Pharmacotherapies and Behavioral Interventions for Alcohol Dependence: the COMBINE Study: a Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA. 2006, 295: 2003-2017.CrossRefPubMed Anton RF, O’Malley SS, Ciraulo DA, Cisler RA, Couper D, Donovan DM, Gastfriend DR, Hosking JD, Johnson BA, LoCastro JS, et al: Combined Pharmacotherapies and Behavioral Interventions for Alcohol Dependence: the COMBINE Study: a Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA. 2006, 295: 2003-2017.CrossRefPubMed
55.
go back to reference O’Malley SS, AJ J, S R, BJ R: Experience of a “slip” among alcoholics treated with naltrexone or placebo. Am J Psychiatry. 1996, 153: 281-CrossRefPubMed O’Malley SS, AJ J, S R, BJ R: Experience of a “slip” among alcoholics treated with naltrexone or placebo. Am J Psychiatry. 1996, 153: 281-CrossRefPubMed
56.
go back to reference Volpicelli JR, Watson NT, King AC, Sherman CE, O’Brien CP: Effect of naltrexone on alcohol “high” in alcoholics. Am J Psychiatry. 1995, 152: 613-CrossRefPubMed Volpicelli JR, Watson NT, King AC, Sherman CE, O’Brien CP: Effect of naltrexone on alcohol “high” in alcoholics. Am J Psychiatry. 1995, 152: 613-CrossRefPubMed
57.
go back to reference Berglund M: Pharmacotherapy for alcohol dependence. Treating Alcohol and Drug Abuse: An Evidence-Based Review. Edited by: Berglund M, Thelander S, Jonsson E. 2004, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 247-312. Berglund M: Pharmacotherapy for alcohol dependence. Treating Alcohol and Drug Abuse: An Evidence-Based Review. Edited by: Berglund M, Thelander S, Jonsson E. 2004, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 247-312.
58.
go back to reference Krystal JH, Cramer JA, Krol WF, Kirk GF, Rosenheck RA, Veterans Affairs Naltrexone Cooperative Study 425 Group: Naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence. N Engl J Med. 2001, 345: 1734-1739.CrossRefPubMed Krystal JH, Cramer JA, Krol WF, Kirk GF, Rosenheck RA, Veterans Affairs Naltrexone Cooperative Study 425 Group: Naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence. N Engl J Med. 2001, 345: 1734-1739.CrossRefPubMed
59.
go back to reference Kranzler HR, Modesto-Lowe V, Van Kirk J: Naltrexone vs. nefazodone for treatment of alcohol dependence. A placebo-controlled trial. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2000, 22: 493-503.CrossRef Kranzler HR, Modesto-Lowe V, Van Kirk J: Naltrexone vs. nefazodone for treatment of alcohol dependence. A placebo-controlled trial. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2000, 22: 493-503.CrossRef
60.
go back to reference Rösner S, Hackl-Herrwerth A, Leucht S, Vecchi S, Srisurapanont M, Soyka M: Opioid antagonists for alcohol dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010, Art. No.: CD001867-10.1002/14651858.CD001867.pub3. Issue 12 Rösner S, Hackl-Herrwerth A, Leucht S, Vecchi S, Srisurapanont M, Soyka M: Opioid antagonists for alcohol dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010, Art. No.: CD001867-10.1002/14651858.CD001867.pub3. Issue 12
61.
go back to reference Rösner S, Hackl-Herrwerth A, Leucht S, Lehert P, Vecchi S, Soyka M: Acamprosate for alcohol dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010, Art. No.: CD004332-10.1002/14651858.CD004332.pub2. Issue 9 Rösner S, Hackl-Herrwerth A, Leucht S, Lehert P, Vecchi S, Soyka M: Acamprosate for alcohol dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010, Art. No.: CD004332-10.1002/14651858.CD004332.pub2. Issue 9
62.
go back to reference Baillie A, Sannibale C: Anxiety and drug and alcohol problems. Clinical Handbook of Co-existing Mental Health and Drug and Alcohol Problems. Edited by: Baker A, Velleman R. 2007, London: Brunner-Routledge, 195-214. Baillie A, Sannibale C: Anxiety and drug and alcohol problems. Clinical Handbook of Co-existing Mental Health and Drug and Alcohol Problems. Edited by: Baker A, Velleman R. 2007, London: Brunner-Routledge, 195-214.
63.
go back to reference Stapinski LA, Rapee RM, Sannibale C, Teesson M, Habber P, Baillie AJ: The clinical and theoretical basis for integrated cognitive behavioural treatment of co-morbid social phobia & alcohol use disorders. submitted Stapinski LA, Rapee RM, Sannibale C, Teesson M, Habber P, Baillie AJ: The clinical and theoretical basis for integrated cognitive behavioural treatment of co-morbid social phobia & alcohol use disorders. submitted
64.
go back to reference Babor TF, Ramon De La Fluente J, Saunders J, Grant M: AUDIT: The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test: Guidelines for use in primary health care. 1989, Geneva: World Health Organization Babor TF, Ramon De La Fluente J, Saunders J, Grant M: AUDIT: The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test: Guidelines for use in primary health care. 1989, Geneva: World Health Organization
65.
go back to reference Connor KM, Kobak KA, Churchill E, Katzelnick D, Davidson JRT: Mini-SPIN: a brief screening assessment for generalized social anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2001, 14: 137-140.CrossRefPubMed Connor KM, Kobak KA, Churchill E, Katzelnick D, Davidson JRT: Mini-SPIN: a brief screening assessment for generalized social anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2001, 14: 137-140.CrossRefPubMed
66.
go back to reference National Health and Medical Research Council: Australian Alcohol Guidelines: Health Risks and Benefits. 2001, Canberra, Australia: National Health and Medical Research Council National Health and Medical Research Council: Australian Alcohol Guidelines: Health Risks and Benefits. 2001, Canberra, Australia: National Health and Medical Research Council
67.
go back to reference Bebbington P, Nayani T: The psychosis screening questionnaire. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 1995, 5: 11-19. Bebbington P, Nayani T: The psychosis screening questionnaire. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 1995, 5: 11-19.
68.
go back to reference Brown TA: Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule Adult Version (ADIS-IV): Client Interview Schedule. 1994, Oxford: Oxford University Press Brown TA: Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule Adult Version (ADIS-IV): Client Interview Schedule. 1994, Oxford: Oxford University Press
69.
go back to reference Darke S, Hall W, Wodak A, Heather N, Ward J: Development and validation of a multi-dimensional instrument for assessing outcome of treatment among opiate users: the Opiate Treatment Index. Br J Addict. 1992, 87: 733-742.CrossRefPubMed Darke S, Hall W, Wodak A, Heather N, Ward J: Development and validation of a multi-dimensional instrument for assessing outcome of treatment among opiate users: the Opiate Treatment Index. Br J Addict. 1992, 87: 733-742.CrossRefPubMed
70.
go back to reference Sullivan J, Sykora K, Schneiderman J, Naranjo C, Sellers E: Assessment of alcohol withdrawal: the revised clinical institute withdrawal assessment for alcohol scale (CIWA-Ar). Br J Addict. 1989, 84: 1353-1357.CrossRefPubMed Sullivan J, Sykora K, Schneiderman J, Naranjo C, Sellers E: Assessment of alcohol withdrawal: the revised clinical institute withdrawal assessment for alcohol scale (CIWA-Ar). Br J Addict. 1989, 84: 1353-1357.CrossRefPubMed
71.
go back to reference Allan CA: Alcohol problems and anxiety disorders - a critical review. Alcohol Alcohol. 1995, 30: 145-151.PubMed Allan CA: Alcohol problems and anxiety disorders - a critical review. Alcohol Alcohol. 1995, 30: 145-151.PubMed
72.
go back to reference Loranger AW, Janca A, Loranger AW, Janca A, Sartorius N: Assessment and diagnosis of personality disorders: the ICD-10 Iternational Personality Disorder examination (IPDE). 1997, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University PressCrossRef Loranger AW, Janca A, Loranger AW, Janca A, Sartorius N: Assessment and diagnosis of personality disorders: the ICD-10 Iternational Personality Disorder examination (IPDE). 1997, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University PressCrossRef
73.
go back to reference Reiss S, Peterson RA, Gursky DM, McNally RJ: Anxiety sensitivity, anxiety frequency and the predictions of fearfulness. Behav Res Ther. 1986, 24: 1-8.CrossRefPubMed Reiss S, Peterson RA, Gursky DM, McNally RJ: Anxiety sensitivity, anxiety frequency and the predictions of fearfulness. Behav Res Ther. 1986, 24: 1-8.CrossRefPubMed
74.
go back to reference Kushner MG, Sher KJ, Wood MD, Wood PK: Anxiety and drinking behavior: moderating effects of tension-reduction alcohol outcome expectancies. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1994, 18: 852-860.CrossRefPubMed Kushner MG, Sher KJ, Wood MD, Wood PK: Anxiety and drinking behavior: moderating effects of tension-reduction alcohol outcome expectancies. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1994, 18: 852-860.CrossRefPubMed
75.
go back to reference Sobell LC, Maisto SA, Sobell MB, Cooper A: Reliability of alcohol abusers” self-reports of drinking behavior. Behav Res Ther. 1979, 17: 157-160.CrossRefPubMed Sobell LC, Maisto SA, Sobell MB, Cooper A: Reliability of alcohol abusers” self-reports of drinking behavior. Behav Res Ther. 1979, 17: 157-160.CrossRefPubMed
76.
go back to reference Sobell LC, Sobell MB, Leo GI, Cancilla A: Reliability of a timeline method: assessing normal drinkers’ reports of recent drinking and a comparative evaluation across several populations. Br J Addict. 1988, 83: 393-402.CrossRefPubMed Sobell LC, Sobell MB, Leo GI, Cancilla A: Reliability of a timeline method: assessing normal drinkers’ reports of recent drinking and a comparative evaluation across several populations. Br J Addict. 1988, 83: 393-402.CrossRefPubMed
77.
go back to reference Flannery BA, Volpicelli JR, Pettinati HM: Psychometric properties of the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1999, 23: 1289-1295.CrossRefPubMed Flannery BA, Volpicelli JR, Pettinati HM: Psychometric properties of the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1999, 23: 1289-1295.CrossRefPubMed
78.
go back to reference DiClemente CC, Carbonari JP, Montgomeri RPG, Hughes SO: The alcohol abstinence self-efficacy scale. J Stud Alcohol. 1994, 55: 141-148.CrossRefPubMed DiClemente CC, Carbonari JP, Montgomeri RPG, Hughes SO: The alcohol abstinence self-efficacy scale. J Stud Alcohol. 1994, 55: 141-148.CrossRefPubMed
79.
go back to reference DiClemente CC, Hughes SO: Stages of change profiles in outpatient alcoholism treatment. J Subst Abuse Treat. 1990, 2: 217-235.CrossRef DiClemente CC, Hughes SO: Stages of change profiles in outpatient alcoholism treatment. J Subst Abuse Treat. 1990, 2: 217-235.CrossRef
80.
go back to reference McLellan W: Mental Health and Wellbeing: Profile of Adults, Australia. 1997, Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics McLellan W: Mental Health and Wellbeing: Profile of Adults, Australia. 1997, Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics
81.
go back to reference Osman A, Bagge CL, Gutierrez PM, Konick LC, Kopper BA, Barrios FX: The Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R): validation with clinical and nonclinical samples. Assess. 2001, 8: 443-454.CrossRef Osman A, Bagge CL, Gutierrez PM, Konick LC, Kopper BA, Barrios FX: The Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R): validation with clinical and nonclinical samples. Assess. 2001, 8: 443-454.CrossRef
82.
go back to reference Brown TA, DiNardo P, Barlow DH: Anxiety Disorder Interview Schedule. 2004, New York: Oxford: University Press Brown TA, DiNardo P, Barlow DH: Anxiety Disorder Interview Schedule. 2004, New York: Oxford: University Press
83.
go back to reference Mattick RP, Clarke JC: Development and validation of measures of social phobia scrutiny fear and social interaction anxiety. Behav Res Ther. 1998, 36: 455-470.CrossRefPubMed Mattick RP, Clarke JC: Development and validation of measures of social phobia scrutiny fear and social interaction anxiety. Behav Res Ther. 1998, 36: 455-470.CrossRefPubMed
84.
go back to reference Stockwell T, Sitharthan T, McGrath D, Lang E: The measurement of alcohol dependence and impaired control in community samples. Addict. 1994, 89: 167-174.CrossRef Stockwell T, Sitharthan T, McGrath D, Lang E: The measurement of alcohol dependence and impaired control in community samples. Addict. 1994, 89: 167-174.CrossRef
85.
go back to reference Ware J, Kosinski M, Keller SD: A 12-item short-form health survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Med Care. 1996, 34: 220-233.CrossRefPubMed Ware J, Kosinski M, Keller SD: A 12-item short-form health survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Med Care. 1996, 34: 220-233.CrossRefPubMed
86.
go back to reference Sheehan DV, Harnett-Sheehan K, Raj BA: The measurement of disability. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1996, 11: 89-95.CrossRefPubMed Sheehan DV, Harnett-Sheehan K, Raj BA: The measurement of disability. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1996, 11: 89-95.CrossRefPubMed
87.
go back to reference Lovibond SH, Lovibond PF: Manual for the Depression, Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS). 1993, Sydney: Psychology Foundation Monograph Lovibond SH, Lovibond PF: Manual for the Depression, Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS). 1993, Sydney: Psychology Foundation Monograph
88.
go back to reference von Korff M, Ustin B, Ormel J, Kaplan I, Simon GE: Self-report disability in an international primary care study of psychologiocal illness. J Clin Epidemiol. 1996, 49: 297-303.CrossRefPubMed von Korff M, Ustin B, Ormel J, Kaplan I, Simon GE: Self-report disability in an international primary care study of psychologiocal illness. J Clin Epidemiol. 1996, 49: 297-303.CrossRefPubMed
89.
go back to reference Miller WR, Tonigan JS, Longabaugh R: The Drinker Inventory of Consequences (DrInC): An instrument for assessing adverse consequences of alcohol abuse Volume 4. 1995, Rockville, Maryland: NIAAA, Project MATCH Monograph SeriesCrossRef Miller WR, Tonigan JS, Longabaugh R: The Drinker Inventory of Consequences (DrInC): An instrument for assessing adverse consequences of alcohol abuse Volume 4. 1995, Rockville, Maryland: NIAAA, Project MATCH Monograph SeriesCrossRef
90.
go back to reference Brown SA, Christiansen BA, Goldman MS: The alcohol expectancy questionnaire: an instrument for the assessment of adolescent and adult alcohol expectancies. J Stud Alcohol. 1987, 48: 483-491.CrossRefPubMed Brown SA, Christiansen BA, Goldman MS: The alcohol expectancy questionnaire: an instrument for the assessment of adolescent and adult alcohol expectancies. J Stud Alcohol. 1987, 48: 483-491.CrossRefPubMed
91.
go back to reference Bruch MA, Heimberg RG, Harvey C, McCann M, et al: Shyness, alcohol expectancies, and alcohol use: discovery of a suppressor effect. J Res Pers. 1992, 26: 137-149.CrossRef Bruch MA, Heimberg RG, Harvey C, McCann M, et al: Shyness, alcohol expectancies, and alcohol use: discovery of a suppressor effect. J Res Pers. 1992, 26: 137-149.CrossRef
92.
go back to reference Darke S, Ward J, Hall W, Heather N, Wodak A: The Opiate Treatment Index (OTI) Manual. 1991, Sydney NSW Australia: National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre Darke S, Ward J, Hall W, Heather N, Wodak A: The Opiate Treatment Index (OTI) Manual. 1991, Sydney NSW Australia: National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre
93.
go back to reference Saladin ME, Ana EJ: Controlled drinking: more than just a controversy. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2004, 17: 175-187.CrossRef Saladin ME, Ana EJ: Controlled drinking: more than just a controversy. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2004, 17: 175-187.CrossRef
94.
go back to reference Miller WR, Rollnick S: Motivational Interviewing: Preparing people for change. 2002, New York: Guilford, 2 Miller WR, Rollnick S: Motivational Interviewing: Preparing people for change. 2002, New York: Guilford, 2
95.
go back to reference Miller WR, Zweben A, DiClemente CC, Rychatrik RG: Motivational enhancement therapy manual. Project MATCH Monograph Series Vol 2 NIH Pub No 94–3723. 1995, Rockville, MD: NIAAA Miller WR, Zweben A, DiClemente CC, Rychatrik RG: Motivational enhancement therapy manual. Project MATCH Monograph Series Vol 2 NIH Pub No 94–3723. 1995, Rockville, MD: NIAAA
96.
go back to reference Kadden R, Carroll KM, Donovan D, Cooney N, Monti P, Abrams D, Litt M, Hester R: Cognitive-Behavioral Coping Skills Therapy Manual: A Clinical Research Guide for Therapists Treating Individuals with Alcohol Abuse and Dependence. 1992, Rockville, MD: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Kadden R, Carroll KM, Donovan D, Cooney N, Monti P, Abrams D, Litt M, Hester R: Cognitive-Behavioral Coping Skills Therapy Manual: A Clinical Research Guide for Therapists Treating Individuals with Alcohol Abuse and Dependence. 1992, Rockville, MD: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
97.
go back to reference Monti PE, Kadden RM, Rohsenow DJ, Abrams DB, Cooney NL: Treating alcohol dependence: A coping skills training guide. 2002, New York: Guilford Press, 2 Monti PE, Kadden RM, Rohsenow DJ, Abrams DB, Cooney NL: Treating alcohol dependence: A coping skills training guide. 2002, New York: Guilford Press, 2
99.
go back to reference Gibbons RD, Hedeker DR, Elkin I, Waternaux C, Kraemer H, Greenhouse JB, Shea MT, Imber SD, Sotsky SM, Watkins JT: Some conceptual and statistical issues in analysis of longitudinal psychiatric data: application to the NIMH Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program dataset. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1993, 50: 739-750.CrossRefPubMed Gibbons RD, Hedeker DR, Elkin I, Waternaux C, Kraemer H, Greenhouse JB, Shea MT, Imber SD, Sotsky SM, Watkins JT: Some conceptual and statistical issues in analysis of longitudinal psychiatric data: application to the NIMH Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program dataset. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1993, 50: 739-750.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
An investigator-blinded, randomized study to compare the efficacy of combined CBT for alcohol use disorders and social anxiety disorder versus CBT focused on alcohol alone in adults with comorbid disorders: the Combined Alcohol Social Phobia (CASP) trial protocol
Authors
Andrew J Baillie
Claudia Sannibale
Lexine A Stapinski
Maree Teesson
Ronald M Rapee
Paul S Haber
Publication date
01-12-2013
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Psychiatry / Issue 1/2013
Electronic ISSN: 1471-244X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-13-199

Other articles of this Issue 1/2013

BMC Psychiatry 1/2013 Go to the issue