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01-01-2016

Alcohol Use During Pregnancy in a South African Community: Reconciling Knowledge, Norms, and Personal Experience

Authors: Melissa H. Watt, Lisa A. Eaton, Alexis C. Dennis, Karmel W. Choi, Seth C. Kalichman, Donald Skinner, Kathleen J. Sikkema

Published in: Maternal and Child Health Journal | Issue 1/2016

Abstract

Objectives

Due to high rates of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) in South Africa, reducing alcohol use during pregnancy is a pressing public health priority. The aim of this study was to qualitatively explore knowledge and attitudes about maternal alcohol consumption among women who reported alcohol use during pregnancy.

Methods

The study was conducted in Cape Town, South Africa. Participants were pregnant or within 1 year postpartum and self-reported alcohol use during pregnancy. In-depth interviews explored personal experiences with drinking during pregnancy, community norms and attitudes towards maternal drinking, and knowledge about FASD. Transcripts were analyzed using a content analytic approach, including narrative memos and data display matrices.

Results

Interviews revealed competing attitudes. Women received anti-drinking messages from several sources, but these sources were not highly valued and the messages often contradicted social norms. Women were largely unfamiliar with FASD, and their knowledge of impacts of fetal alcohol exposure was often inaccurate. Participants’ personal experiences influenced their attitudes about the effects of alcohol during pregnancy, which led to internalization of misinformation. The data revealed a moral conflict that confronted women in this setting, leaving women feeling judged, ambivalent, or defensive about their behaviors, and ultimately creating uncertainty about their alcohol use behaviors.

Conclusions

Data revealed the need to deliver accurate information about the harms of fetal alcohol exposure through sources perceived as trusted and reliable. Individual-level interventions to help women reconcile competing attitudes and identify motivations for reducing alcohol use during pregnancy would be beneficial.

Participant numbers are linked to data in Table 1.

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Title: Alcohol Use During Pregnancy in a South African Community: Reconciling Knowledge, Norms, and Personal Experience
Authors: Melissa H. Watt
Lisa A. Eaton
Alexis C. Dennis
Karmel W. Choi
Seth C. Kalichman
Donald Skinner
Kathleen J. Sikkema
Publication date: 01-01-2016
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Maternal and Child Health Journal / Issue 1/2016
Print ISSN: 1092-7875
Electronic ISSN: 1573-6628
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-015-1800-4

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Alcohol Use During Pregnancy in a South African Community: Reconciling Knowledge, Norms, and Personal Experience

Abstract

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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