Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Annals of General Psychiatry
Published in: Annals of General Psychiatry 1/2020

01-12-2020 | Mood Disorders | Primary research

The association of intimate partner violence with postpartum depression in women during their first month period of giving delivery in health centers at Dessie town, 2019

Authors: Mogesie Necho, Asmare Belete, Yosef Zenebe

Published in: Annals of General Psychiatry | Issue 1/2020

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Postpartum depression is a common psychiatric complaint of women following delivery and a multitude of psychosocial, maternal, newborn and husband-related factors were contributing to it. This condition has a detrimental impact on the mother–infant caregiving relationship and hastens the infant’s cognitive, emotional and social development. However, a shortage of empirical evidence existed especially in developing countries including Ethiopia. Therefore, we implemented this study to determine the magnitude of postpartum depression and its correlates.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was implemented on 378 postnatal women in the maternal and child health clinic of Dessie health centers within 4 weeks of their delivery. Postpartum depression was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Intimate partner violence was operationalized as a psychological, physical and sexual abusive action imposed on women by their associates. We estimated the crude and adjusted odds ratio with its 95% CI using binary logistic regression to know the association and statistical significance was declared using a p-value < 0.05.

Results

More than one-fourth, 102 (27%) (95% CI 22.5, 31.5) of participants were obtained to have postpartum depression. Being single from socio-demographic variables (AOR = 4.9, 95% CI 1.27, 16.74), dissatisfaction with child gender (AOR = 3.1, 95% CI 1.62, 6.69), unplanned pregnancy (AOR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.76, 7.23) and depression during current pregnancy (AOR = 3.2, 95% CI 2.81, 8.91) from pregnancy and newborn-related variables, intimate partner violence; psychological (AOR = 6.5, 95% CI 1.98, 15.85), sexual and physical violence (AOR = 3.46, 95%CI 2.34, 18.55), current husbands alcoholism (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.48, 5.34) from husband/partner-related variables and current substance use (AOR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.16, 3.75) were found to have a statistically significant association with postpartum depression.

Conclusion

More than one-fourth of the interviewed women (27%) were found to have postpartum depression. Being single from socio-demographic variables, dissatisfaction with child gender, unplanned pregnancy, and depression during current pregnancy from pregnancy and newborn-related variables, intimate partner violence, and current husband’s alcoholism from husband/partner-related variables and current substance use were the related factors. This suggests the need for integrating postpartum depression services into the existing postnatal maternal and child health services and basing intervention geared primarily to the mentioned factors above.
Literature
1.
Coast E, Leone T, Hirose A, Jones E. Poverty and postnatal depression: a systematic mapping of the evidence from low and lower middle income countries. Health Place. 2012;18(5):1188–97.PubMedCrossRef
2.
Parsons CE, Young KS, Rochat TJ, Kringelbach ML, Stein A. Postnatal depression and its effects on child development: a review of evidence from low-and middle-income countries. Br Med Bull. 2012;101(1):57.PubMedCrossRef
3.
Edition F. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.
4.
Khalifa DS, Glavin K, Bjertness E, Lien L. Postnatal depression among Sudanese women: prevalence and validation of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale at 3 months postpartum. Int J Women's Health. 2015;7:677.CrossRef
5.
Salem MN, Thabet MN, Fouly H, Abbas AM. Factors affecting the occurrence of postpartum depression among puerperal women in Sohag city. Egypt Proc Obstet Gynecol. 2017;7(1):1–10.CrossRef
6.
Gelaye B, Rondon MB, Araya R, Williams MA. Epidemiology of maternal depression, risk factors, and child outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet Psychiatry. 2016;3(10):973–82.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
7.
Wynaden D. There is no health without mental health: are we educating Australian nurses to care for the health consumer of the 21st century? Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2010;19(3):203–9.PubMedCrossRef
8.
Upadhyay RP, Chowdhury R, Salehi A, Sarkar K, Singh SK, Sinha B, et al. Postpartum depression in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Bull World Health Organ. 2017;95(10):706.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
9.
Cantilino A, Zambaldi CF, Albuquerque TLCD, Paes JA, Montenegro ACP, Sougey EB. Postpartum depression in Recife-Brazil: prevalence and association with bio-socio-demographic factors. J Bras Psiquiatr. 2010;59(1):1–9.CrossRef
10.
Figueiredo B, Pacheco A, Costa R. Depression during pregnancy and the postpartum period in adolescent and adult Portuguese mothers. Arch Women's Ment Health. 2007;10(3):103–9.CrossRef
11.
Park J-H, Karmaus W, Zhang H. Prevalence of and risk factors for depressive symptoms in Korean women throughout pregnancy and in postpartum period. Asian Nurs Res. 2015;9(3):219–25.CrossRef
12.
Zhang Y, Zou S, Cao Y, Zhang Y. Relationship between domestic violence and postnatal depression among pregnant Chinese women. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2012;116(1):26–30.CrossRef
13.
Abdollahi F, Lye M-S, Zain AM, Ghazali SS, Zarghami M. Postnatal depression and its associated factors in women from different cultures. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2011;5(2):5.PubMedPubMedCentral
14.
Bener A, Gerber LM, Sheikh J. Prevalence of psychiatric disorders and associated risk factors in women during their postpartum period: a major public health problem and global comparison. Int J Women's Health. 2012;4:191.CrossRef
15.
Turkcapar AF, Kadıoğlu N, Aslan E, Tunc S, Zayıfoğlu M, Mollamahmutoğlu L. Sociodemographic and clinical features of postpartum depression among Turkish women: a prospective study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2015;15(1):108.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
16.
Al Hinai FI, Al Hinai SS. Prospective study on prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression in Al-dakhliya governorate in oman. Oman Med J. 2014;29(3):198.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
17.
Hung KJ, Tomlinson M, le Roux IM, Dewing S, Chopra M, Tsai AC. Community-based prenatal screening for postpartum depression in a South African township. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2014;126(1):74–7.CrossRef
18.
Kakyo TA, Muliira JK, Mbalinda SN, Kizza IB, Muliira RS. Factors associated with depressive symptoms among postpartum mothers in a rural district in Uganda. Midwifery. 2012;28(3):374–9.PubMedCrossRef
19.
20.
Abebe A, Tesfaw G, Mulat H, Hibdye G. Postpartum depression and associated factors among mothers in Bahir Dar Town, Northwest Ethiopia. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2019;18(1):19.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
21.
Hamdan A, Tamim H. Psychosocial risk and protective factors for postpartum depression in the United Arab Emirates. Arch Women's Ment Health. 2011;14(2):125–33.CrossRef
22.
Khalifa DS, Glavin K, Bjertness E, Lien L. Determinants of postnatal depression in Sudanese women at 3 months postpartum: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2016;6(3):e009443.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
23.
Islam MJ, Broidy L, Baird K, Mazerolle P. Intimate partner violence around the time of pregnancy and postpartum depression: the experience of women of Bangladesh. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(5):e0176211.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
24.
Wright N, Hill J, Pickles A, Sharp H. The specific role of relationship life events in the onset of depression during pregnancy and the postpartum. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(12):e0144131.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
25.
26.
Akman C, Uguz F, Kaya N. Postpartum-onset major depression is associated with personality disorders. Compr Psychiatry. 2007;48(4):343–7.PubMedCrossRef
27.
Taniguchi H, Baruffi G. Childbirth overseas: the experience of Japanese women in Hawaii. Nurs Health Sci. 2007;9(2):90–5.PubMedCrossRef
28.
Rahman A, Creed F. Outcome of prenatal depression and risk factors associated with persistence in the first postnatal year: prospective study from Rawalpindi. Pak J Affect Disord. 2007;100(1–3):115–21.CrossRef
29.
Dørheim Ho-Yen S, Tschudi Bondevik G, Eberhard-Gran M, Bjorvatn B. Factors associated with depressive symptoms among postnatal women in Nepal. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2007;86(3):291–7.CrossRef
30.
Andajani-Sutjahjo S, Manderson L, Astbury J. Complex emotions, complex problems: understanding the experiences of perinatal depression among new mothers in urban Indonesia. Cult Med Psychiatry. 2007;31(1):101–22.PubMedCrossRef
31.
Sayil M, Güre A, Uçanok Z. First time mothers' anxiety and depressive symptoms across the transition to motherhood: associations with maternal and environmental characteristics. Women Health. 2007;44(3):61–77.CrossRef
32.
Limlomwongse N, Liabsuetrakul T. Cohort study of depressive moods in Thai women during late pregnancy and 6–8 weeks of postpartum using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Arch Women's Ment Health. 2006;9(3):131–8.CrossRef
33.
Schwab-Reese LM, Ramirez M, Ashida S, Peek-Asa C. Psychosocial employment characteristics and postpartum maternal mental health symptoms. Am J Ind Med. 2017;60(1):109–20.PubMedCrossRef
34.
Alexander M, Garda L, Kanade S, Jejeebhoy S, Ganatra B. Correlates of premarital relationships among unmarried youth in Pune district, Maharashtra India. Int Fam Plan Perspect. 2007;33:150–9.PubMedCrossRef
35.
Somrongthong R, Panuwatsuk P, Amarathithada D, Chaipayom O, Sitthi-amorn C. Sexual behaviors and opinions on sexuality of adolescents in a slum community in Bangkok. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2003;34(2):443–6.PubMed
36.
Dindar I, Erdogan S. Screening of Turkish women for postpartum depression within the first postpartum year: the risk profile of a community sample. Public Health Nurs. 2007;24(2):176–83.PubMedCrossRef
37.
Acharya DR, Bell JS, Simkhada P, Van Teijlingen ER, Regmi PR. Women's autonomy in household decision-making: a demographic study in Nepal. Reprod Health. 2010;7(1):15.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
38.
39.
40.
Goyal D, Murphy SO, Cohen J. Immigrant Asian Indian women and postpartum depression. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2006;35(1):98–104.PubMedCrossRef
41.
Danaci AE, Dinç G, Deveci A, Şen FS, İçelli İ. Postnatal depression in Turkey: epidemiological and cultural aspects. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2002;37(3):125–9.CrossRefPubMed
42.
Aydin N, Inandi T, Karabulut N. Depression and associated factors among women within their first postnatal year in Erzurum province in eastern Turkey. Women Health. 2005;41(2):1–12.CrossRefPubMed
43.
Field T. Postpartum depression effects on early interactions, parenting, and safety practices: a review. Infant Behav Dev. 2010;33(1):1–6.CrossRefPubMed
44.
Feldman R, Granat A, Pariente C, Kanety H, Kuint J, Gilboa-Schechtman E. Maternal depression and anxiety across the postpartum year and infant social engagement, fear regulation, and stress reactivity. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2009;48(9):919–27.PubMedCrossRef
45.
Grace SL, Evindar A, Stewart D. The effect of postpartum depression on child cognitive development and behavior: a review and critical analysis of the literature. Arch Women’s Ment Health. 2003;6(4):263–74.CrossRef
46.
Brockington I, Aucamp H, Fraser C. Severe disorders of the mother–infant relationship: definitions and frequency. Arch Women's Ment Health. 2006;9(5):243–51.CrossRef
47.
Caparros-Gonzalez RA, Romero-Gonzalez B, Strivens-Vilchez H, Gonzalez-Perez R, Martinez-Augustin O, Peralta-Ramirez MI. Hair cortisol levels, psychological stress and psychopathological symptoms as predictors of postpartum depression. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(8):e0182817.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
48.
Lester SW, Turnley WH, Bloodgood JM, Bolino MC. Not seeing eye to eye: differences in supervisor and subordinate perceptions of and attributions for psychological contract breach. J Organ Behav. 2002;23(1):39–56.CrossRef
49.
Chelkeba L. Antihypertension medication adherence and associated factors at Dessie hospital, north East Ethiopia. Ethiop Int J Res Med Sci. 2013;1(3):191–7.
50.
Kerie S, Menberu M, Niguse W. Prevalence and associated factors of postpartum depression in Southwest, Ethiopia, 2017: a cross-sectional study. BMC Res Notes. 2018;11(1):623.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
51.
Cox JL, Holden JM, Sagovsky R. Detection of postnatal depression: development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Br J Psychiatry. 1987;150(6):782–6.PubMedCrossRef
52.
Tesfaye M, Hanlon C, Wondimagegn D, Alem A. Detecting postnatal common mental disorders in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: validation of the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale and Kessler scales. J Affect Disord. 2010;122(1–2):102–8.PubMedCrossRef
53.
Abiola T, Udofia O, Zakari M. Psychometric properties of the 3-item Oslo social support scale among clinical students of Bayero University Kano, Nigeria. Malays J Psychiatry. 2013;22(2):32–41.
54.
Schraiber LB, D'Oliveira AFP, França-Junior I, Diniz S, Portella AP, Ludermir AB, et al. Prevalence of intimate partner violence against women in regions of Brazil. Rev Saúde Pública. 2007;41(5):797–807.PubMedCrossRef
55.
Humeniuk R, Ali R, Babor TF, Farrell M, Formigoni ML, Jittiwutikarn J, et al. Validation of the alcohol, smoking and substance involvement screening test (ASSIST). Addiction. 2008;103(6):1039–47.PubMedCrossRef
56.
Bjerke SEY, Vangen S, Nordhagen R, Ytterdahl T, Magnus P, Stray-Pedersen B. Postpartum depression among Pakistani women in Norway: prevalence and risk factors. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2008;21(12):889–94.PubMedCrossRef
57.
Adewuya AO, Fatoye FO, Ola BA, Ijaodola OR, Ibigbami SMO. Sociodemographic and obstetric risk factors for postpartum depressive symptoms in Nigerian women. J Psychiatr Pract. 2005;11(5):353–8.PubMedCrossRef
58.
Liabsuetrakul T, Vittayanont A, Pitanupong J. Clinical applications of anxiety, social support, stressors, and self-esteem measured during pregnancy and postpartum for screening postpartum depression in Thai women. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2007;33(3):333–40.PubMedCrossRef
59.
Chee CY, Lee DT, Chong Y, Tan L, Ng T, Fones CS. Confinement and other psychosocial factors in perinatal depression: a transcultural study in Singapore. J Affect Disord. 2005;89(1–3):157–66.PubMedCrossRef
60.
61.
Al Dallal F, Grant I. Postnatal depression among Bahraini women: prevalence of symptoms and psychosocial risk factors. East Mediterr Health J. 2012;18(5):439–45.PubMedCrossRef
62.
Patel V, Rodrigues M, DeSouza N. Gender, poverty, and postnatal depression: a study of mothers in Goa, India. Am J Psychiatry. 2002;159(1):43–7.PubMedCrossRef
63.
While AE. The incidence of unplanned and unwanted pregnancies among live births from health visitor records. Child Care Health Dev. 1990;16(4):219–26.PubMedCrossRef
64.
65.
Bacchus L, Mezey G, Bewley S. Domestic violence: prevalence in pregnant women and associations with physical and psychological health. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2004;113(1):6–11.PubMedCrossRef
66.
Pámanes-González V, Billings DL, Torres-Arreola LDP. Violencia de pareja en mujeres embarazadas en la Ciudad de México. Rev Saúde Pública. 2007;41:582–90.PubMedCrossRef
67.
Sharps PW, Laughon K, Giangrande SK. Intimate partner violence and the childbearing year: maternal and infant health consequences. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2007;8(2):105–16.PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
The association of intimate partner violence with postpartum depression in women during their first month period of giving delivery in health centers at Dessie town, 2019
Authors
Mogesie Necho
Asmare Belete
Yosef Zenebe
Publication date
01-12-2020
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Annals of General Psychiatry / Issue 1/2020
Electronic ISSN: 1744-859X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-020-00310-6

Other articles of this Issue 1/2020

Annals of General Psychiatry 1/2020 Go to the issue

Review

The role of shared decision-making in improving adherence to pharmacological treatments in patients with schizophrenia: a clinical review

Primary research

Psychosocial and clinical factors associated with depression among individuals with diabetes in Bahir Dar City Administrative, Northwest Ethiopia

Primary research

Group reminiscence for hope and resilience in care-seekers who have attempted suicide

Primary research

Discerning undifferentiated anxiety from syndromal anxiety in acute-phase schizophrenia

Review

Prevalence and risk factors for khat use among youth students in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis, 2018

Primary research

Vitamin D deficiency mediates the relationship between dietary patterns and depression: a case–control study