Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Annals of Surgical Oncology 12/2016

01-11-2016 | Gastrointestinal Oncology

Advances in Imaging and Endoluminal Therapies for Early Esophageal and Gastric Cancers

Authors: Neil Sengupta, MD, Mandeep S. Sawhney, MD MS

Published in: Annals of Surgical Oncology | Issue 12/2016

Login to get access

Excerpt

Important advances have been made in the field of endoscopic treatment of gastroesophageal malignancies in the last decade. In this review, we outline recent updates in imaging modalities for diagnosing and staging early esophageal cancer, and describe how new imaging techniques may improve the efficiency of endoscopy in detecting early neoplasia, and aid in surveillance after endoscopic ablation. We also review recent evidence of endoscopic management of high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and intramucosal carcinoma (IMC), and cover advances in endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer (EGC). …
Literature
1.
go back to reference Pohl H, Sirovich B, Welch HG. Esophageal adenocarcinoma incidence: are we reaching the peak? Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2010;19(6):1468–70.CrossRefPubMed Pohl H, Sirovich B, Welch HG. Esophageal adenocarcinoma incidence: are we reaching the peak? Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2010;19(6):1468–70.CrossRefPubMed
2.
go back to reference American Gastroenterological Association, Spechler SJ, Sharma P, Souza RF, Inadomi JM, Shaheen NJ. American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement on the management of Barrett’s esophagus. Gastroenterology. 2011;140(3):1084–91.CrossRef American Gastroenterological Association, Spechler SJ, Sharma P, Souza RF, Inadomi JM, Shaheen NJ. American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement on the management of Barrett’s esophagus. Gastroenterology. 2011;140(3):1084–91.CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Fitzgerald RC, di Pietro M, Ragunath K, et al. British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines on the diagnosis and management of Barrett’s oesophagus. Gut. 2014;63(1):7–42.CrossRefPubMed Fitzgerald RC, di Pietro M, Ragunath K, et al. British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines on the diagnosis and management of Barrett’s oesophagus. Gut. 2014;63(1):7–42.CrossRefPubMed
4.
go back to reference Bennett C, Vakil N, Bergman J, et al. Consensus statements for management of Barrett’s dysplasia and early-stage esophageal adenocarcinoma, based on a Delphi process. Gastroenterology. 2012;143(2):336–46.CrossRefPubMed Bennett C, Vakil N, Bergman J, et al. Consensus statements for management of Barrett’s dysplasia and early-stage esophageal adenocarcinoma, based on a Delphi process. Gastroenterology. 2012;143(2):336–46.CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Kara MA, Ennahachi M, Fockens P, ten Kate FJ, Bergman JJ. Detection and classification of the mucosal and vascular patterns (mucosal morphology) in Barrett’s esophagus by using narrow band imaging. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006;64(2):155–66.CrossRefPubMed Kara MA, Ennahachi M, Fockens P, ten Kate FJ, Bergman JJ. Detection and classification of the mucosal and vascular patterns (mucosal morphology) in Barrett’s esophagus by using narrow band imaging. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006;64(2):155–66.CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Sharma P, Hawes RH, Bansal A, et al. Standard endoscopy with random biopsies versus narrow band imaging targeted biopsies in Barrett’s oesophagus: a prospective, international, randomised controlled trial. Gut. 2013;62(1):15–21.CrossRefPubMed Sharma P, Hawes RH, Bansal A, et al. Standard endoscopy with random biopsies versus narrow band imaging targeted biopsies in Barrett’s oesophagus: a prospective, international, randomised controlled trial. Gut. 2013;62(1):15–21.CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Muthusamy VR, Kim S, Wallace MB. Advanced imaging in Barrett’s esophagus. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2015;44(2):439–58.CrossRefPubMed Muthusamy VR, Kim S, Wallace MB. Advanced imaging in Barrett’s esophagus. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2015;44(2):439–58.CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Kwon RS, Adler DG, et al.,ASGE Technology Committee High-resolution and high-magnification endoscopes. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009;69(3 Pt 1):399–407.CrossRefPubMed Kwon RS, Adler DG, et al.,ASGE Technology Committee High-resolution and high-magnification endoscopes. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009;69(3 Pt 1):399–407.CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Sharma P, Meining AR, Coron E, et al. Real-time increased detection of neoplastic tissue in Barrett’s esophagus with probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy: final results of an international multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Gastrointest Endosc. 2011;74(3):465–72.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Sharma P, Meining AR, Coron E, et al. Real-time increased detection of neoplastic tissue in Barrett’s esophagus with probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy: final results of an international multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Gastrointest Endosc. 2011;74(3):465–72.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
10.
go back to reference Canto MI, Anandasabapathy S, Brugge W, et al. In vivo endomicroscopy improves detection of Barrett’s esophagus-related neoplasia: a multicenter international randomized controlled trial (with video). Gastrointest Endosc. 2014;79(2):211–21.CrossRefPubMed Canto MI, Anandasabapathy S, Brugge W, et al. In vivo endomicroscopy improves detection of Barrett’s esophagus-related neoplasia: a multicenter international randomized controlled trial (with video). Gastrointest Endosc. 2014;79(2):211–21.CrossRefPubMed
11.
go back to reference Dunbar KB, Okolo P 3rd, Montgomery E, Canto MI. Confocal laser endomicroscopy in Barrett’s esophagus and endoscopically inapparent Barrett’s neoplasia: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled, crossover trial. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009;70(4):645–54.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Dunbar KB, Okolo P 3rd, Montgomery E, Canto MI. Confocal laser endomicroscopy in Barrett’s esophagus and endoscopically inapparent Barrett’s neoplasia: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled, crossover trial. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009;70(4):645–54.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
12.
go back to reference Wolfsen HC, Sharma P, Wallace MB, Leggett C, Tearney G, Wang KK. Safety and feasibility of volumetric laser endomicroscopy in patients with Barrett’s esophagus (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc. 2015;82(4):631–40.CrossRefPubMed Wolfsen HC, Sharma P, Wallace MB, Leggett C, Tearney G, Wang KK. Safety and feasibility of volumetric laser endomicroscopy in patients with Barrett’s esophagus (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc. 2015;82(4):631–40.CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Suter MJ, Gora MJ, Lauwers GY, et al. Esophageal-guided biopsy with volumetric laser endomicroscopy and laser cautery marking: a pilot clinical study. Gastrointest Endosc. 2014;79(6):886–96.CrossRefPubMed Suter MJ, Gora MJ, Lauwers GY, et al. Esophageal-guided biopsy with volumetric laser endomicroscopy and laser cautery marking: a pilot clinical study. Gastrointest Endosc. 2014;79(6):886–96.CrossRefPubMed
14.
go back to reference Swager AF, Boerwinkel DF, de Bruin DM, et al. Detection of buried Barrett’s glands after radiofrequency ablation with volumetric laser endomicroscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2016;83(1):80–8.CrossRefPubMed Swager AF, Boerwinkel DF, de Bruin DM, et al. Detection of buried Barrett’s glands after radiofrequency ablation with volumetric laser endomicroscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2016;83(1):80–8.CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Zhou C, Tsai TH, Lee HC, et al. Characterization of buried glands before and after radiofrequency ablation by using 3-dimensional optical coherence tomography (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc. 2012;76(1):32–40.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Zhou C, Tsai TH, Lee HC, et al. Characterization of buried glands before and after radiofrequency ablation by using 3-dimensional optical coherence tomography (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc. 2012;76(1):32–40.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
16.
go back to reference Tsai TH, Zhou C, Tao YK, et al. Structural markers observed with endoscopic 3-dimensional optical coherence tomography correlating with Barrett’s esophagus radiofrequency ablation treatment response (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc. 2012;76(6):1104–12.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Tsai TH, Zhou C, Tao YK, et al. Structural markers observed with endoscopic 3-dimensional optical coherence tomography correlating with Barrett’s esophagus radiofrequency ablation treatment response (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc. 2012;76(6):1104–12.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
17.
go back to reference Griffin JM, Reed CE, Denlinger CE. Utility of restaging endoscopic ultrasound after neoadjuvant therapy for esophageal cancer. Ann Thorac Surg. 2012;93(6):1855–59(discussion 1860).CrossRefPubMed Griffin JM, Reed CE, Denlinger CE. Utility of restaging endoscopic ultrasound after neoadjuvant therapy for esophageal cancer. Ann Thorac Surg. 2012;93(6):1855–59(discussion 1860).CrossRefPubMed
18.
go back to reference Meister T, Heinzow HS, Osterkamp R, et al. Miniprobe endoscopic ultrasound accurately stages esophageal cancer and guides therapeutic decisions in the era of neoadjuvant therapy: results of a multicenter cohort analysis. Surg Endosc. 2013;27(8):2813–9.CrossRefPubMed Meister T, Heinzow HS, Osterkamp R, et al. Miniprobe endoscopic ultrasound accurately stages esophageal cancer and guides therapeutic decisions in the era of neoadjuvant therapy: results of a multicenter cohort analysis. Surg Endosc. 2013;27(8):2813–9.CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference van Westreenen HL, Heeren PA, van Dullemen HM, et al. Positron emission tomography with F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose in a combined staging strategy of esophageal cancer prevents unnecessary surgical explorations. J Gastrointest Surg. 2005;9(1):54–61.CrossRefPubMed van Westreenen HL, Heeren PA, van Dullemen HM, et al. Positron emission tomography with F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose in a combined staging strategy of esophageal cancer prevents unnecessary surgical explorations. J Gastrointest Surg. 2005;9(1):54–61.CrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Schreurs LM, Janssens AC, Groen H, et al. Value of EUS in determining curative resectability in reference to CT and FDG-PET: the optimal sequence in preoperative staging of esophageal cancer? Ann Surg Oncol. 2011:1–8. Schreurs LM, Janssens AC, Groen H, et al. Value of EUS in determining curative resectability in reference to CT and FDG-PET: the optimal sequence in preoperative staging of esophageal cancer? Ann Surg Oncol. 2011:1–8.
21.
go back to reference Wani S, Das A, Rastogi A, et al. Endoscopic ultrasonography in esophageal cancer leads to improved survival rates: results from a population-based study. Cancer. 2015;121(2):194–201.CrossRefPubMed Wani S, Das A, Rastogi A, et al. Endoscopic ultrasonography in esophageal cancer leads to improved survival rates: results from a population-based study. Cancer. 2015;121(2):194–201.CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Waxman I. EUS and EMR/ESD: is EUS in patients with Barrett’s esophagus with high-grade dysplasia or intramucosal adenocarcinoma necessary prior to endoscopic mucosal resection? Endoscopy. 2006;38 Suppl 1:S2–4.CrossRefPubMed Waxman I. EUS and EMR/ESD: is EUS in patients with Barrett’s esophagus with high-grade dysplasia or intramucosal adenocarcinoma necessary prior to endoscopic mucosal resection? Endoscopy. 2006;38 Suppl 1:S2–4.CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Qumseya BJ, Brown J, Abraham M, et al. Diagnostic performance of EUS in predicting advanced cancer among patients with Barrett’s esophagus and high-grade dysplasia/early adenocarcinoma: systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2015;81(4):865-874.CrossRefPubMed Qumseya BJ, Brown J, Abraham M, et al. Diagnostic performance of EUS in predicting advanced cancer among patients with Barrett’s esophagus and high-grade dysplasia/early adenocarcinoma: systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2015;81(4):865-874.CrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference Shaheen NJ, Sharma P, Overholt BF, et al. Radiofrequency ablation in Barrett’s esophagus with dysplasia. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(22):2277–88.CrossRefPubMed Shaheen NJ, Sharma P, Overholt BF, et al. Radiofrequency ablation in Barrett’s esophagus with dysplasia. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(22):2277–88.CrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference Shaheen NJ, Overholt BF, Sampliner RE, et al. Durability of radiofrequency ablation in Barrett’s esophagus with dysplasia. Gastroenterology. 2011;141(2):460–8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Shaheen NJ, Overholt BF, Sampliner RE, et al. Durability of radiofrequency ablation in Barrett’s esophagus with dysplasia. Gastroenterology. 2011;141(2):460–8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
26.
go back to reference Phoa KN, Pouw RE, Bisschops R, et al. Multimodality endoscopic eradication for neoplastic Barrett oesophagus: results of an European multicentre study (EURO-II). Gut. 2016;65(4):555–62.CrossRefPubMed Phoa KN, Pouw RE, Bisschops R, et al. Multimodality endoscopic eradication for neoplastic Barrett oesophagus: results of an European multicentre study (EURO-II). Gut. 2016;65(4):555–62.CrossRefPubMed
27.
go back to reference Li N, Pasricha S, Bulsiewicz WJ, et al. Effects of preceding endoscopic mucosal resection on the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation for treatment of Barrett’s esophagus: results from the United States Radiofrequency Ablation Registry. Dis Esophagus. 2015. Li N, Pasricha S, Bulsiewicz WJ, et al. Effects of preceding endoscopic mucosal resection on the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation for treatment of Barrett’s esophagus: results from the United States Radiofrequency Ablation Registry. Dis Esophagus. 2015.
28.
go back to reference Konda VJ, Gonzalez Haba Ruiz M, Koons A, et al. Complete endoscopic mucosal resection is effective and durable treatment for Barrett’s-associated neoplasia. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;12(12):2002–2010.e1–2.CrossRef Konda VJ, Gonzalez Haba Ruiz M, Koons A, et al. Complete endoscopic mucosal resection is effective and durable treatment for Barrett’s-associated neoplasia. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;12(12):2002–2010.e1–2.CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Anders M, Bahr C, El-Masry MA, et al. Long-term recurrence of neoplasia and Barrett’s epithelium after complete endoscopic resection. Gut. 2014;63(10):1535–43.CrossRefPubMed Anders M, Bahr C, El-Masry MA, et al. Long-term recurrence of neoplasia and Barrett’s epithelium after complete endoscopic resection. Gut. 2014;63(10):1535–43.CrossRefPubMed
30.
go back to reference van Vilsteren FG, Pouw RE, Seewald S, et al. Stepwise radical endoscopic resection versus radiofrequency ablation for Barrett’s oesophagus with high-grade dysplasia or early cancer: a multicentre randomised trial. Gut. 2011;60(6):765–73.CrossRefPubMed van Vilsteren FG, Pouw RE, Seewald S, et al. Stepwise radical endoscopic resection versus radiofrequency ablation for Barrett’s oesophagus with high-grade dysplasia or early cancer: a multicentre randomised trial. Gut. 2011;60(6):765–73.CrossRefPubMed
31.
go back to reference Titi M, Overhiser A, Ulusarac O, et al. Development of subsquamous high-grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma after successful radiofrequency ablation of Barrett’s esophagus. Gastroenterology. 2012;143(3):564-566 e561. Titi M, Overhiser A, Ulusarac O, et al. Development of subsquamous high-grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma after successful radiofrequency ablation of Barrett’s esophagus. Gastroenterology. 2012;143(3):564-566 e561.
32.
go back to reference Gosain S, Mercer K, Twaddell WS, Uradomo L, Greenwald BD. Liquid nitrogen spray cryotherapy in Barrett’s esophagus with high-grade dysplasia: long-term results. Gastrointest Endosc. 2013;78(2):260–5.CrossRefPubMed Gosain S, Mercer K, Twaddell WS, Uradomo L, Greenwald BD. Liquid nitrogen spray cryotherapy in Barrett’s esophagus with high-grade dysplasia: long-term results. Gastrointest Endosc. 2013;78(2):260–5.CrossRefPubMed
33.
go back to reference Canto MI, Shin EJ, Khashab MA, et al. Safety and efficacy of carbon dioxide cryotherapy for treatment of neoplastic Barrett’s esophagus. Endoscopy. 2015;47(7):591.CrossRefPubMed Canto MI, Shin EJ, Khashab MA, et al. Safety and efficacy of carbon dioxide cryotherapy for treatment of neoplastic Barrett’s esophagus. Endoscopy. 2015;47(7):591.CrossRefPubMed
34.
go back to reference Sengupta N, Ketwaroo GA, Bak DM, et al. Salvage cryotherapy after failed radiofrequency ablation for Barrett’s esophagus-related dysplasia is safe and effective. Gastrointest Endosc. 2015;82(3):443–8.CrossRefPubMed Sengupta N, Ketwaroo GA, Bak DM, et al. Salvage cryotherapy after failed radiofrequency ablation for Barrett’s esophagus-related dysplasia is safe and effective. Gastrointest Endosc. 2015;82(3):443–8.CrossRefPubMed
35.
go back to reference ASGE Technology Committee. Enhanced imaging in the GI tract: spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography. Gastrointest Endosc. 2013;78(4):568–73.CrossRef ASGE Technology Committee. Enhanced imaging in the GI tract: spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography. Gastrointest Endosc. 2013;78(4):568–73.CrossRef
36.
go back to reference Moss A, Bourke MJ, Hourigan LF, et al. Endoscopic resection for Barrett’s high-grade dysplasia and early esophageal adenocarcinoma: an essential staging procedure with long-term therapeutic benefit. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105(6):1276–83.CrossRefPubMed Moss A, Bourke MJ, Hourigan LF, et al. Endoscopic resection for Barrett’s high-grade dysplasia and early esophageal adenocarcinoma: an essential staging procedure with long-term therapeutic benefit. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105(6):1276–83.CrossRefPubMed
37.
go back to reference Endo M, Yoshino K, Kawano T, Nagai K, Inoue H. Clinicopathologic analysis of lymph node metastasis in surgically resected superficial cancer of the thoracic esophagus. Dis Esophagus. 2000;13(2):125–9.CrossRefPubMed Endo M, Yoshino K, Kawano T, Nagai K, Inoue H. Clinicopathologic analysis of lymph node metastasis in surgically resected superficial cancer of the thoracic esophagus. Dis Esophagus. 2000;13(2):125–9.CrossRefPubMed
38.
go back to reference Shimada H, Nabeya Y, Matsubara H, et al. Prediction of lymph node status in patients with superficial esophageal carcinoma: analysis of 160 surgically resected cancers. Am J Surg. 2006;191(2):250–4.CrossRefPubMed Shimada H, Nabeya Y, Matsubara H, et al. Prediction of lymph node status in patients with superficial esophageal carcinoma: analysis of 160 surgically resected cancers. Am J Surg. 2006;191(2):250–4.CrossRefPubMed
39.
go back to reference Ancona E, Rampado S, Cassaro M, et al. Prediction of lymph node status in superficial esophageal carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2008;15(11):3278–88.CrossRefPubMed Ancona E, Rampado S, Cassaro M, et al. Prediction of lymph node status in superficial esophageal carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2008;15(11):3278–88.CrossRefPubMed
40.
go back to reference Holscher AH, Bollschweiler E, Schroder W, Metzger R, Gutschow C, Drebber U. Prognostic impact of upper, middle, and lower third mucosal or submucosal infiltration in early esophageal cancer. Ann Surg. 2011;254(5):802–7(discussion 807–8).CrossRefPubMed Holscher AH, Bollschweiler E, Schroder W, Metzger R, Gutschow C, Drebber U. Prognostic impact of upper, middle, and lower third mucosal or submucosal infiltration in early esophageal cancer. Ann Surg. 2011;254(5):802–7(discussion 807–8).CrossRefPubMed
41.
go back to reference Yamashina T, Ishihara R, Nagai K, et al. Long-term outcome and metastatic risk after endoscopic resection of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108(4):544–51.CrossRefPubMed Yamashina T, Ishihara R, Nagai K, et al. Long-term outcome and metastatic risk after endoscopic resection of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108(4):544–51.CrossRefPubMed
42.
go back to reference Ngamruengphong S, Wolfsen HC, Wallace MB. Survival of patients with superficial esophageal adenocarcinoma after endoscopic treatment vs surgery. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;11(11):1424–9.e2 (quiz e1481).CrossRef Ngamruengphong S, Wolfsen HC, Wallace MB. Survival of patients with superficial esophageal adenocarcinoma after endoscopic treatment vs surgery. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;11(11):1424–9.e2 (quiz e1481).CrossRef
43.
go back to reference Pech O, May A, Manner H, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of endoscopic resection for patients with mucosal adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. Gastroenterology. 2014;146(3):652–60.CrossRefPubMed Pech O, May A, Manner H, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of endoscopic resection for patients with mucosal adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. Gastroenterology. 2014;146(3):652–60.CrossRefPubMed
44.
go back to reference Greenwald BD, Dumot JA, Abrams JA, et al. Endoscopic spray cryotherapy for esophageal cancer: safety and efficacy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010;71(4):686–93.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Greenwald BD, Dumot JA, Abrams JA, et al. Endoscopic spray cryotherapy for esophageal cancer: safety and efficacy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010;71(4):686–93.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
45.
go back to reference Chevaux JB, Piessevaux H, Jouret-Mourin A, Yeung R, Danse E, Deprez PH. Clinical outcome in patients treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial Barrett’s neoplasia. Endoscopy. 2015;47(2):103–12.PubMed Chevaux JB, Piessevaux H, Jouret-Mourin A, Yeung R, Danse E, Deprez PH. Clinical outcome in patients treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial Barrett’s neoplasia. Endoscopy. 2015;47(2):103–12.PubMed
46.
go back to reference Higuchi K, Tanabe S, Azuma M, et al. A phase II study of endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial esophageal neoplasms (KDOG 0901). Gastrointest Endosc. 2013;78(5):704–10.CrossRefPubMed Higuchi K, Tanabe S, Azuma M, et al. A phase II study of endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial esophageal neoplasms (KDOG 0901). Gastrointest Endosc. 2013;78(5):704–10.CrossRefPubMed
47.
go back to reference Ishihara R, Iishi H, Uedo N, et al. Comparison of EMR and endoscopic submucosal dissection for en bloc resection of early esophageal cancers in Japan. Gastrointest Endosc. 2008;68(6):1066–72.CrossRefPubMed Ishihara R, Iishi H, Uedo N, et al. Comparison of EMR and endoscopic submucosal dissection for en bloc resection of early esophageal cancers in Japan. Gastrointest Endosc. 2008;68(6):1066–72.CrossRefPubMed
48.
go back to reference Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, Forman D, Mathers C, Parkin DM. Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008. Int J Cancer. 2010;127(12):2893–917.CrossRefPubMed Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, Forman D, Mathers C, Parkin DM. Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008. Int J Cancer. 2010;127(12):2893–917.CrossRefPubMed
49.
go back to reference Japanese Gastric Cancer Association. Japanese classification of gastric carcinoma – 2nd English edition. Gastric Cancer. 1998;1(1):10–24.CrossRef Japanese Gastric Cancer Association. Japanese classification of gastric carcinoma – 2nd English edition. Gastric Cancer. 1998;1(1):10–24.CrossRef
50.
51.
go back to reference Sano T, Kobori O, Muto T. Lymph node metastasis from early gastric cancer: endoscopic resection of tumour. Br J Surg. 1992;79(3):241–44.CrossRefPubMed Sano T, Kobori O, Muto T. Lymph node metastasis from early gastric cancer: endoscopic resection of tumour. Br J Surg. 1992;79(3):241–44.CrossRefPubMed
52.
go back to reference Song WKLM, ASGE Technology Committee, Adler DG, et al. Chromoendoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;66(4):639–49.CrossRef Song WKLM, ASGE Technology Committee, Adler DG, et al. Chromoendoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;66(4):639–49.CrossRef
53.
go back to reference Dinis-Ribeiro M, da Costa-Pereira A, Lopes C, et al. Magnification chromoendoscopy for the diagnosis of gastric intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia. Gastrointest Endosc. 2003;57(4):498–504.CrossRefPubMed Dinis-Ribeiro M, da Costa-Pereira A, Lopes C, et al. Magnification chromoendoscopy for the diagnosis of gastric intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia. Gastrointest Endosc. 2003;57(4):498–504.CrossRefPubMed
54.
go back to reference Sakai Y, Eto R, Kasanuki J, et al. Chromoendoscopy with indigo carmine dye added to acetic acid in the diagnosis of gastric neoplasia: a prospective comparative study. Gastrointest Endosc. 2008;68(4):635–41.CrossRefPubMed Sakai Y, Eto R, Kasanuki J, et al. Chromoendoscopy with indigo carmine dye added to acetic acid in the diagnosis of gastric neoplasia: a prospective comparative study. Gastrointest Endosc. 2008;68(4):635–41.CrossRefPubMed
55.
go back to reference Yamashita H, Kitayama J, Ishigami H, et al. Endoscopic instillation of indigo carmine dye with acetic acid enables the visualization of distinct margin of superficial gastric lesion: usefulness in endoscopic treatment and diagnosis of gastric cancer. Dig Liver Disease. 2007;39(4):389–91.CrossRef Yamashita H, Kitayama J, Ishigami H, et al. Endoscopic instillation of indigo carmine dye with acetic acid enables the visualization of distinct margin of superficial gastric lesion: usefulness in endoscopic treatment and diagnosis of gastric cancer. Dig Liver Disease. 2007;39(4):389–91.CrossRef
56.
go back to reference Tsujitani S, Oka S, Saito H, et al. Less invasive surgery for early gastric cancer based on the low probability of lymph node metastasis. Surgery. 1999;125(2):148–54.CrossRefPubMed Tsujitani S, Oka S, Saito H, et al. Less invasive surgery for early gastric cancer based on the low probability of lymph node metastasis. Surgery. 1999;125(2):148–54.CrossRefPubMed
57.
go back to reference Gotoda T, Yanagisawa A, Sasako M, et al. Incidence of lymph node metastasis from early gastric cancer: estimation with a large number of cases at two large centers. Gastric Cancer. 2000;3(4):219–25.CrossRefPubMed Gotoda T, Yanagisawa A, Sasako M, et al. Incidence of lymph node metastasis from early gastric cancer: estimation with a large number of cases at two large centers. Gastric Cancer. 2000;3(4):219–25.CrossRefPubMed
58.
go back to reference Takekoshi T, Baba Y, Ota H, et al. Endoscopic resection of early gastric carcinoma: results of a retrospective analysis of 308 cases. Endoscopy. 1994;26(4):352–58.CrossRefPubMed Takekoshi T, Baba Y, Ota H, et al. Endoscopic resection of early gastric carcinoma: results of a retrospective analysis of 308 cases. Endoscopy. 1994;26(4):352–58.CrossRefPubMed
59.
go back to reference Manner H, Rabenstein T, May A, et al. Long-term results of endoscopic resection in early gastric cancer: the Western experience. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009;104(3):566–73.CrossRefPubMed Manner H, Rabenstein T, May A, et al. Long-term results of endoscopic resection in early gastric cancer: the Western experience. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009;104(3):566–73.CrossRefPubMed
60.
go back to reference Kosaka T, Endo M, Toya Y, et al. Long-term outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer: a single-center retrospective study. Dig Endosc. 2014;26(2):183–91.CrossRefPubMed Kosaka T, Endo M, Toya Y, et al. Long-term outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer: a single-center retrospective study. Dig Endosc. 2014;26(2):183–91.CrossRefPubMed
61.
go back to reference Abe S, Oda I, Suzuki H, et al. Short- and long-term outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection for undifferentiated early gastric cancer. Endoscopy. 2013;45(9):703–7.CrossRefPubMed Abe S, Oda I, Suzuki H, et al. Short- and long-term outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection for undifferentiated early gastric cancer. Endoscopy. 2013;45(9):703–7.CrossRefPubMed
62.
go back to reference Oka S, Tanaka S, Kaneko I, et al. Advantage of endoscopic submucosal dissection compared with EMR for early gastric cancer. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006;64(6):877–83.CrossRefPubMed Oka S, Tanaka S, Kaneko I, et al. Advantage of endoscopic submucosal dissection compared with EMR for early gastric cancer. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006;64(6):877–83.CrossRefPubMed
63.
go back to reference Bok GH, Kim YJ, Jin SY, et al. Endoscopic submucosal dissection with sentinel node navigation surgery for early gastric cancer. Endoscopy. 2012;44(10):953–56.CrossRefPubMed Bok GH, Kim YJ, Jin SY, et al. Endoscopic submucosal dissection with sentinel node navigation surgery for early gastric cancer. Endoscopy. 2012;44(10):953–56.CrossRefPubMed
64.
go back to reference Abe S, Oda I, Suzuki H, et al. Long-term surveillance and treatment outcomes of metachronous gastric cancer occurring after curative endoscopic submucosal dissection. Endoscopy. 2015;47(12):1113–8.CrossRefPubMed Abe S, Oda I, Suzuki H, et al. Long-term surveillance and treatment outcomes of metachronous gastric cancer occurring after curative endoscopic submucosal dissection. Endoscopy. 2015;47(12):1113–8.CrossRefPubMed
65.
go back to reference Fukase K, Kato M, Kikuchi S, et al. Effect of eradication of Helicobacter pylori on incidence of metachronous gastric carcinoma after endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer: an open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;372(9636):392–7.CrossRefPubMed Fukase K, Kato M, Kikuchi S, et al. Effect of eradication of Helicobacter pylori on incidence of metachronous gastric carcinoma after endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer: an open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;372(9636):392–7.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Advances in Imaging and Endoluminal Therapies for Early Esophageal and Gastric Cancers
Authors
Neil Sengupta, MD
Mandeep S. Sawhney, MD MS
Publication date
01-11-2016
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Annals of Surgical Oncology / Issue 12/2016
Print ISSN: 1068-9265
Electronic ISSN: 1534-4681
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-016-5425-7

Other articles of this Issue 12/2016

Annals of Surgical Oncology 12/2016 Go to the issue