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Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
Published in: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy 9/2012

Open Access 01-09-2012 | Symposium-in-writing paper

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) linking immunity, chronic inflammation, and cancer

Authors: Diana Mechtcheriakova, Martin Svoboda, Anastasia Meshcheryakova, Erika Jensen-Jarolim

Published in: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy | Issue 9/2012

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Abstract

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is critically involved in class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation of Ig loci resulting in diversification of antibodies repertoire and production of high-affinity antibodies and as such represents a physiological tool to introduce DNA alterations. These processes take place within germinal centers of secondary lymphoid organs. Under physiological conditions, AID is expressed predominantly in activated B lymphocytes. Because of the mutagenic and recombinogenic potential of AID, its expression and activity is tightly regulated on different levels to minimize the risk of unwanted DNA damage. However, chronic inflammation and, probably, combination of other not-yet-identified factors are able to create a microenvironment sufficient for triggering an aberrant AID expression in B cells and, importantly, in non-B-cell background. Under these circumstances, AID may target also non-Ig genes, including cancer-related genes as oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and genomic stability genes, and modulate both genetic and epigenetic information. Despite ongoing progress, the complete understanding of fundamental aspects is still lacking as (1) what are the crucial factors triggering an aberrant AID expression/activity including the impact of Th2-driven inflammation and (2) to what extent may aberrant AID in human non-B cells lead to abnormal cell state associated with an increased rate of genomic alterations as point mutations, small insertions or deletions, and/or recurrent chromosomal translocations during solid tumor development and progression.
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Metadata
Title
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) linking immunity, chronic inflammation, and cancer
Authors
Diana Mechtcheriakova
Martin Svoboda
Anastasia Meshcheryakova
Erika Jensen-Jarolim
Publication date
01-09-2012
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy / Issue 9/2012
Print ISSN: 0340-7004
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0851
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-012-1255-z

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