Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Pediatric Radiology 6/2021

01-05-2021 | Abusive Head Injury | Child abuse imaging

Abusive head trauma: Canadian and global perspectives

Authors: Asthik Biswas, Manohar M. Shroff

Published in: Pediatric Radiology | Issue 6/2021

Login to get access

Abstract

Canada has come a long way since Dr. C. Henry Kempe first described battered-child syndrome in 1962. The year 1999 was crucial in Canada’s battle against shaken baby syndrome/abusive head trauma (SBS/AHT), when the first national conference on the topic was held in Saskatoon. This was followed by the issuance of a national statement and multidisciplinary guidelines, recently updated in 2020. Incidence of AHT in Canada is similar to that found in population-based studies from Switzerland and New Zealand. The mainstay of prevention of AHT in Canada is education of parents and caregivers with respect to their response to infant crying. Population-based data for global incidence of AHT are lacking, largely because of social and cultural differences contributing to poor understanding of AHT as a medico-legal entity. India faces a distinct challenge in the battle against female feticide and infanticide.
Literature
2.
go back to reference Canadian Paediatric Society, Child and Youth Maltreatment Section (2001) Joint statement on shaken baby syndrome. Paediatr Child Health 6:663–667CrossRef Canadian Paediatric Society, Child and Youth Maltreatment Section (2001) Joint statement on shaken baby syndrome. Paediatr Child Health 6:663–667CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Christian CW, Block R, Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect, American Academy of Pediatrics (2009) Abusive head trauma in infants and children. Pediatrics 123:1409–1411CrossRef Christian CW, Block R, Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect, American Academy of Pediatrics (2009) Abusive head trauma in infants and children. Pediatrics 123:1409–1411CrossRef
6.
go back to reference King WJ, Mackay M, Sirnick A, Canadian Shaken Baby Study Group (2003) Shaken baby syndrome in Canada: clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospital cases. CMAJ 168:155–159PubMedPubMedCentral King WJ, Mackay M, Sirnick A, Canadian Shaken Baby Study Group (2003) Shaken baby syndrome in Canada: clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospital cases. CMAJ 168:155–159PubMedPubMedCentral
7.
go back to reference Bennett S, Ward M, Moreau K et al (2011) Head injury secondary to suspected child maltreatment: results of a prospective Canadian national surveillance program. Child Abuse Negl 35:930–936CrossRef Bennett S, Ward M, Moreau K et al (2011) Head injury secondary to suspected child maltreatment: results of a prospective Canadian national surveillance program. Child Abuse Negl 35:930–936CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Barlow KM, Minns RA (2000) Annual incidence of shaken impact syndrome in young children. Lancet 356:1571–1572CrossRef Barlow KM, Minns RA (2000) Annual incidence of shaken impact syndrome in young children. Lancet 356:1571–1572CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Sibert JR, Payne EH, Kemp AM et al (2002) The incidence of severe physical child abuse in Wales. Child Abuse Negl 26:267–276CrossRef Sibert JR, Payne EH, Kemp AM et al (2002) The incidence of severe physical child abuse in Wales. Child Abuse Negl 26:267–276CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Keenan HT, Runyan DK, Marshall SW et al (2004) A population-based comparison of clinical and outcome characteristics of young children with serious inflicted and noninflicted traumatic brain injury. Pediatrics 114:633–639CrossRef Keenan HT, Runyan DK, Marshall SW et al (2004) A population-based comparison of clinical and outcome characteristics of young children with serious inflicted and noninflicted traumatic brain injury. Pediatrics 114:633–639CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Kelly P, Farrant B (2008) Shaken baby syndrome in New Zealand, 2000–2002. J Paediatr Child Health 44:99–107CrossRef Kelly P, Farrant B (2008) Shaken baby syndrome in New Zealand, 2000–2002. J Paediatr Child Health 44:99–107CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Fanconi M, Lips U (2010) Shaken baby syndrome in Switzerland: results of a prospective follow-up study, 2002–2007. Eur J Pediatr 169:1023–1028CrossRef Fanconi M, Lips U (2010) Shaken baby syndrome in Switzerland: results of a prospective follow-up study, 2002–2007. Eur J Pediatr 169:1023–1028CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Iacobucci F, Hamilton G (2010) The Goudge inquiry and the role of medical expert witnesses. CMAJ 182:53–56CrossRef Iacobucci F, Hamilton G (2010) The Goudge inquiry and the role of medical expert witnesses. CMAJ 182:53–56CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Barr RG, Barr M, Fujiwara T et al (2009) Do educational materials change knowledge and behaviour about crying and shaken baby syndrome? A randomized controlled trial. CMAJ 180:727–733CrossRef Barr RG, Barr M, Fujiwara T et al (2009) Do educational materials change knowledge and behaviour about crying and shaken baby syndrome? A randomized controlled trial. CMAJ 180:727–733CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Barr RG, Rivara FP, Barr M et al (2009) Effectiveness of educational materials designed to change knowledge and behaviors regarding crying and shaken-baby syndrome in mothers of newborns: a randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics 123:972–980CrossRef Barr RG, Rivara FP, Barr M et al (2009) Effectiveness of educational materials designed to change knowledge and behaviors regarding crying and shaken-baby syndrome in mothers of newborns: a randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics 123:972–980CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Kempe CH (1971) Paediatric implications of the battered baby syndrome. Arch Dis Child 46:28–37CrossRef Kempe CH (1971) Paediatric implications of the battered baby syndrome. Arch Dis Child 46:28–37CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Brewster AL, Nelson JP, Hymel KP et al (1998) Victim, perpetrator, family, and incident characteristics of 32 infant maltreatment deaths in the United States Air Force. Child Abuse Negl 22:91–101 Brewster AL, Nelson JP, Hymel KP et al (1998) Victim, perpetrator, family, and incident characteristics of 32 infant maltreatment deaths in the United States Air Force. Child Abuse Negl 22:91–101
19.
go back to reference Barr RG, Trent RB, Cross J (2006) Age-related incidence curve of hospitalized shaken baby syndrome cases: convergent evidence for crying as a trigger to shaking. Child Abuse Negl 30:7–16CrossRef Barr RG, Trent RB, Cross J (2006) Age-related incidence curve of hospitalized shaken baby syndrome cases: convergent evidence for crying as a trigger to shaking. Child Abuse Negl 30:7–16CrossRef
20.
go back to reference Barr RG, Barr M, Rajabali F et al (2018) Eight-year outcome of implementation of abusive head trauma prevention. Child Abuse Negl 84:106–114CrossRef Barr RG, Barr M, Rajabali F et al (2018) Eight-year outcome of implementation of abusive head trauma prevention. Child Abuse Negl 84:106–114CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Shanahan ME, Zolotor AJ, Parrish JW et al (2013) National, regional, and state abusive head trauma: application of the CDC algorithm. Pediatrics 132:e1546–e1553CrossRef Shanahan ME, Zolotor AJ, Parrish JW et al (2013) National, regional, and state abusive head trauma: application of the CDC algorithm. Pediatrics 132:e1546–e1553CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Kempe CH, Silverman FN, Steele BF et al (1962) The battered-child syndrome. JAMA 181:17–24CrossRef Kempe CH, Silverman FN, Steele BF et al (1962) The battered-child syndrome. JAMA 181:17–24CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Caffey J (1974) The whiplash shaken infant syndrome: manual shaking by the extremities with whiplash-induced intracranial and intraocular bleedings, linked with residual permanent brain damage and mental retardation. Pediatrics 54:396–403PubMed Caffey J (1974) The whiplash shaken infant syndrome: manual shaking by the extremities with whiplash-induced intracranial and intraocular bleedings, linked with residual permanent brain damage and mental retardation. Pediatrics 54:396–403PubMed
25.
go back to reference Duhaime AC, Gennarelli TA, Thibault LE et al (1987) The shaken baby syndrome. A clinical, pathological, and biomechanical study. J Neurosurg 66:409–415CrossRef Duhaime AC, Gennarelli TA, Thibault LE et al (1987) The shaken baby syndrome. A clinical, pathological, and biomechanical study. J Neurosurg 66:409–415CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Choudhary AK, Servaes S, Slovis TL et al (2018) Consensus statement on abusive head trauma in infants and young children. Pediatr Radiol 48:1048–1065CrossRef Choudhary AK, Servaes S, Slovis TL et al (2018) Consensus statement on abusive head trauma in infants and young children. Pediatr Radiol 48:1048–1065CrossRef
27.
go back to reference Choudhary AK, Dies Suarez P, Binenbaum G et al (2019) Consensus statement on abusive head trauma: additional endorsements. Pediatr Radiol 49:421CrossRef Choudhary AK, Dies Suarez P, Binenbaum G et al (2019) Consensus statement on abusive head trauma: additional endorsements. Pediatr Radiol 49:421CrossRef
28.
go back to reference Watts P (2013) Abusive head trauma and the eye in infancy. Eye 27:1227–1229CrossRef Watts P (2013) Abusive head trauma and the eye in infancy. Eye 27:1227–1229CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Aggarwal K, Dalwai S, Galagali P et al (2010) Recommendations on recognition and response to child abuse and neglect in the Indian setting. Indian Pediatr 47:493–504CrossRef Aggarwal K, Dalwai S, Galagali P et al (2010) Recommendations on recognition and response to child abuse and neglect in the Indian setting. Indian Pediatr 47:493–504CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Pooniya S, Lalwani S, Madaan N et al (2017) Battered baby syndrome. Trauma 19:216–218CrossRef Pooniya S, Lalwani S, Madaan N et al (2017) Battered baby syndrome. Trauma 19:216–218CrossRef
33.
go back to reference Sriram K, Rathnavel S, Papakumari M, Somasundaram O (1981) Battered baby syndrome: a review of eight cases. Ann Acad Med Singap 10:466–471PubMed Sriram K, Rathnavel S, Papakumari M, Somasundaram O (1981) Battered baby syndrome: a review of eight cases. Ann Acad Med Singap 10:466–471PubMed
34.
go back to reference Subba SH, Pant S, Senthilkumaran S, Menezes RG (2011) Battered child syndrome: is India in dire straits? Egyptian J Forensic Sci 1:111–113CrossRef Subba SH, Pant S, Senthilkumaran S, Menezes RG (2011) Battered child syndrome: is India in dire straits? Egyptian J Forensic Sci 1:111–113CrossRef
35.
go back to reference Holla RG, Gupta A (2005) Child abuse where [sic] do we stand today? Indian Pediatr 42:1251PubMed Holla RG, Gupta A (2005) Child abuse where [sic] do we stand today? Indian Pediatr 42:1251PubMed
36.
go back to reference Seth R (2015) Child abuse and neglect in India. Indian J Pediatr 82:707–714CrossRef Seth R (2015) Child abuse and neglect in India. Indian J Pediatr 82:707–714CrossRef
37.
go back to reference Garg S, Nath A (2008) Female feticide in India: issues and concerns. J Postgrad Med 54:276–279CrossRef Garg S, Nath A (2008) Female feticide in India: issues and concerns. J Postgrad Med 54:276–279CrossRef
38.
go back to reference Bardia A, Paul E, Kapoor SK, Anand K (2004) Declining sex ratio: role of society, technology and government regulation in Faridabad district, Haryana. Natl Med J India 17:207–211PubMed Bardia A, Paul E, Kapoor SK, Anand K (2004) Declining sex ratio: role of society, technology and government regulation in Faridabad district, Haryana. Natl Med J India 17:207–211PubMed
39.
go back to reference Bhaktwani A (2012) The PC-PNDT act in a nutshell. Indian J Radiol Imaging 22:133–134CrossRef Bhaktwani A (2012) The PC-PNDT act in a nutshell. Indian J Radiol Imaging 22:133–134CrossRef
40.
go back to reference Singh JP (2010) Socio-cultural aspects of the high masculinity ratio in India. J Asian Afr Stud 45:628–644CrossRef Singh JP (2010) Socio-cultural aspects of the high masculinity ratio in India. J Asian Afr Stud 45:628–644CrossRef
41.
go back to reference Guilmoto CZ, Saikia N, Tamrakar V, Bora JK (2018) Excess under-5 female mortality across India: a spatial analysis using 2011 census data. Lancet Glob Health 6:e650–e658CrossRef Guilmoto CZ, Saikia N, Tamrakar V, Bora JK (2018) Excess under-5 female mortality across India: a spatial analysis using 2011 census data. Lancet Glob Health 6:e650–e658CrossRef
44.
go back to reference Sadh A, Kapoor PS (2012) Save the volume 4 issue 3 girl child initiatives in India — a social marketing perspective. IMJ 4:17–34 Sadh A, Kapoor PS (2012) Save the volume 4 issue 3 girl child initiatives in India — a social marketing perspective. IMJ 4:17–34
Metadata
Title
Abusive head trauma: Canadian and global perspectives
Authors
Asthik Biswas
Manohar M. Shroff
Publication date
01-05-2021
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Pediatric Radiology / Issue 6/2021
Print ISSN: 0301-0449
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1998
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-020-04844-5

Other articles of this Issue 6/2021

Pediatric Radiology 6/2021 Go to the issue