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01-03-2017 | Review

A Meta-Analysis of Working Memory Impairments in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Authors: Ya Wang, Yi-bing Zhang, Lu-lu Liu, Ji-fang Cui, Jing Wang, David H. K. Shum, Therese van Amelsvoort, Raymond C. K. Chan

Published in: Neuropsychology Review | Issue 1/2017

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by executive dysfunction, and working memory (WM) comprises one core component of executive function. Many studies have investigated WM impairments in individuals with ASD, however, a conclusive agreement has not been reached. The present study provided a meta-analytic review of WM impairments in individuals with ASD and evaluated potential moderating variables of this problem. Twenty-eight studies were included in this study, and the participants comprised 819 individuals with ASD and 875 healthy controls. A significant WM impairment (Cohen’s d = −0.61) was identified in the individuals with ASD, however, this impairment was not associated with age. Results of moderation analyses showed that (a) spatial WM was more severely impaired than verbal WM and (b) the component of cognitive processing (maintenance vs. maintenance plus manipulation) did not affect the severity of WM impairments. These findings suggest that WM is impaired in individuals with ASD and may have implications for interventions related to WM impairments in these individuals.

DSM-III-R, DSM-IV, and DSM-IV-TR were used by the reviewed studies.

We sent two requests, and data were provided by the author(s) of one article .

One reviewer suggested that the ADI-R is based on the DSM criteria and is considered a gold standard in ASD diagnosis, the ADOS is not an appropriate standalone diagnostic instrument, thus one study relied solely on the ADOS for diagnosis (Eack et al. 2013) was excluded from the meta-analysis. Including this study would not change the results.

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Title: A Meta-Analysis of Working Memory Impairments in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Ya Wang
Yi-bing Zhang
Lu-lu Liu
Ji-fang Cui
Jing Wang
David H. K. Shum
Therese van Amelsvoort
Raymond C. K. Chan
Publication date: 01-03-2017
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Neuropsychology Review / Issue 1/2017
Print ISSN: 1040-7308
Electronic ISSN: 1573-6660
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-016-9336-y

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

A Meta-Analysis of Working Memory Impairments in Autism Spectrum Disorders

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At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

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