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International Journal of Public Health
Published in: International Journal of Public Health 5/2014

01-10-2014 | Original Article

A community-based study of early childhood sensory stimulation in home environment associated with growth and psychomotor development in Pakistan

Authors: Bilal Iqbal Avan, Syed Ahsan Raza, Betty R. Kirkwood

Published in: International Journal of Public Health | Issue 5/2014

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Abstract

Objectives

Sensory stimulation (SS) is a non-nutritional modifiable risk factor for early childhood development. We assessed SS in home environment and examined its influence on physical growth and psychomotor development (PD).

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in 26 communities in Pakistan among children aged <3 (n = 1,219). They were assessed at home visits using (1) Bayley’s Infant Developmental Scale for PD, (2) home observation for measurement of the environment inventory for SS, (3) anthropometry and (4) socio-economic questionnaire.

Results

In rural homes, SS provided was lower as compared to urban counterparts (Adj mean diff: 4.47, 95 % CI 3.78, 5.16) and showed an association with stunting (Adj mean diff: −1.30, 95 % CI −1.93, −0.66), and underweight (Adj mean diff: −1.04, 95 % CI −1.71, −0.38) not explained by type of neighbourhood or socio-economic status. SS was associated with PD more than combined contribution of socio-economic status and rural–urban factors (Adj mean diff: 0.47, 95 % CI 0.30, 0.63).

Conclusions

SS in rural homes may be a significant factor influencing the child development. There is a need to corroborate these results by additional research for integration in health policy initiatives.
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Metadata
Title
A community-based study of early childhood sensory stimulation in home environment associated with growth and psychomotor development in Pakistan
Authors
Bilal Iqbal Avan
Syed Ahsan Raza
Betty R. Kirkwood
Publication date
01-10-2014
Publisher
Springer Basel
Published in
International Journal of Public Health / Issue 5/2014
Print ISSN: 1661-8556
Electronic ISSN: 1661-8564
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-013-0525-7

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