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01-11-2021 | Original Article

6-Shogaol promotes bone resorption and accelerates orthodontic tooth movement through the JNK-NFATc1 signaling axis

Authors: Xiaofang Zhu, Hao Yuan, Ouyang Ningjuan, Carroll Ann Trotman, Thomas E. Van Dyke, Jake Jinkun Chen, Guofang Shen

Published in: Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism | Issue 6/2021

Abstract

Introduction

Corticotomy is widely used in clinical practice to accelerate tooth movement and shorten the duration of orthodontic treatment. It is effective, but an invasive surgery is needed to induce alveolar bone osteopenia that enable rapid tooth movement. In this study, we discovered the potential of 6-shogaol as a more patient-friendly non-invasive alternative to induce transient osteopenia and accelerate tooth movement.

Materials and methods

The effects of 6-shogaol on the bone marrow macrophages (BMM) proliferation and osteoclast differentiation, and bone resorption were determined in vitro. Sprague–Dawley rats were distributed into three groups: CON, IPinj or Localinj and euthanized at day 28. Micro-CT, histology, immunohistological, and TUNEL analysis were performed to evaluate the tooth movement acceleration effect of 6-shogaol.

Results

In vitro, 6-shogaol promotes osteoclast differentiation and functional demineralization of alveolar bone. RANKL-induced mRNA expression of osteoclastic-specific genes was significantly higher in the presence of 6-shogaol. A dose-dependent increase in the area of TRAP-positive cells was observed with 6-shogaol treatment. F-actin ring formation and increased bone resorption confirmed that osteoclasts treated with 6-shogaol were mature and functional. 6-shogaol stimulated JNK activation and NFATc1 expression during osteoclast differentiation. In vivo, 6-shogaol promotes alveolar bone transient osteopenia and accelerates orthodontic tooth movement. Alveolar bone mass was reduced, more osteoclasts were observed in bone resorption lacunae on the compression side, and the expression of RANKL and sclerostin were higher than the control group. In conclusion, our results suggest that 6-shogoal accelerates tooth movement by inducing osteopenia by a mechanism similar to surgically induced bone injury.

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Title: 6-Shogaol promotes bone resorption and accelerates orthodontic tooth movement through the JNK-NFATc1 signaling axis
Authors: Xiaofang Zhu
Hao Yuan
Ouyang Ningjuan
Carroll Ann Trotman
Thomas E. Van Dyke
Jake Jinkun Chen
Guofang Shen
Publication date: 01-11-2021
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Published in: Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism / Issue 6/2021
Print ISSN: 0914-8779
Electronic ISSN: 1435-5604
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774-021-01245-y

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